Leviticus 23:13 — Word Study
WLCוּמִנְחָתוֹ֩ שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים סֹ֣לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֛מֶן אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֑חַ וְנִסְכּ֥וֹ יַ֖יִן רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין׃
BSAalong with its grain offeringminchâh [a gift of fine flour, a meal offering] of two-tenths of an ephahshᵉnayim [a tenth part, a tithe] of fine flourçôleth [the best flour, refined] mixedbâlal with oilshemen [olive oil] a food offeringʼishshâh [a sacrifice, a gift to God] to the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God] a pleasingnîychôwach aromarêyach [a sweet fragrance, a soothing smell] and its drink offeringneçek [a liquid sacrifice, a libation] of a quarterrᵉbîyʻîy [the fourth part, a portion] hinhîyn of wineyayin [fermented wine]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּמִנְחָתוֹ֩ | and grain offering its | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| שְׁנֵ֨י | [will be] two | Adj |
| עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים | tenths | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| סֹ֣לֶת | fine flour | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| בְּלוּלָ֥ה | mixed | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) feminine singular |
| בַשֶּׁ֛מֶן | with oil | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| אִשֶּׁ֥ה | a fire offering | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לַיהוָ֖ה | to Yahweh | Preposition, noun proper |
| רֵ֣יחַ | an odor of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| נִיחֹ֑חַ | soothing | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְנִסְכּ֥וֹ | and drink offering its | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| יַ֖יִן | [will be] wine | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| רְבִיעִ֥ת | fourth of | Adj |
| הַהִֽין׃ | hin | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | along with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil—an offering made by fire to the LORD, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering of a quarter hin of wine. |
| KJV | And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin. |
| ASV | And the meal-offering thereof shall be two tenth parts of an ephah of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto Jehovah for a sweet savor; and the drink-offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin. |
| YLT | and its present two tenth deals of flour mixed with oil, a fire-offering to Jehovah, a sweet fragrance, and its drink-offering, wine, a fourth of the hin. |
| WEB | The meal offering with it shall be two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to Yahweh for a pleasant aroma; and the drink offering with it shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin. |
| BBE | And let the meal offering with it be two tenth parts of an ephah of the best meal mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to the Lord for a sweet smell; and the drink offering with it is to be of wine, the fourth part of a hin. |
Where they part company is רְבִיעִת — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with multiple noun phrases detailing the components of the offerings.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbבָּלַל
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Leviticus 23:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Offerings during the Feast of Weeksgenerated
Leviticus 23:13 outlines the offerings to be made during the Feast of Weeks, which include both a grain offering and a drink offering. These offerings are specified to ensure that the worshippers present their best to God, reflecting their devotion and gratitude. This passage emphasizes the importance of ritual offerings in the Israelite worship system, as seen throughout Leviticus.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leviticus 2:14–16 | If you bring a grain offering of firstfruits to the LORD, you shall offer crushed heads of new grain roasted on the fire. |
| 2 | Leviticus 14:10 | On the eighth day he is to bring two unblemished male lambs, an unblemished ewe lamb a year old, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil. |
| 3 | Numbers 15:3–12 | and you present an offering made by fire to the LORD from the herd or flock to produce a pleasing aroma to the LORD—either a burnt offering or a sacrifice, for a special vow or freewill offering or appointed feast— |
| 4 | Exodus 29:40–41 | With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah of fine flour, mixed with a quarter hin of oil from pressed olives, and a drink offering of a quarter hin of wine. |
| 5 | Exodus 30:9 | On this altar you must not offer unauthorized incense or a burnt offering or grain offering; nor are you to pour a drink offering on it. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מִנְחָה, minchahgenerated
The term מִנְחָה (minchah) refers to a gift or offering, particularly in a religious context. It encompasses a range of meanings including tribute, voluntary offerings, and specifically bloodless sacrifices, often grain offerings. The root of the word indicates an apportioning or bestowing, highlighting its nature as a donation to God.
In this verse, מִנְחָה specifically denotes the grain offering that accompanies the drink offering, illustrating the dual aspect of worship through both solid and liquid offerings. This reflects a holistic approach to worship, where both elements are necessary to please God.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term grain offering for מִנְחָה. The KJV and ASV also use meat offering, which is an older term for grain offerings.
Where translations differ is primarily in the rendering of רְבִיעִת — the fourth part (ASV, KJV) versus fourth of (LSV, NETB). This distinction reflects different choices in conveying the measurement aspect of the offering.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb בְּלוּלָ֥ה governs the entire verse, with several noun phrases hanging off it, describing the offerings. The structure emphasizes the offerings' components and their significance in the ritual context.
The order of the Hebrew words places the grain offering first, highlighting its importance as a foundational element of the worship, followed by the drink offering, which complements the grain offering.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מִנְחָה as αὐτοῦ, indicating a direct correspondence but also reflecting a Greek understanding of the offering. This choice may suggest a broader interpretation of what constitutes an offering in the Hellenistic context.
The translation of רְבִיעִת as τέταρτον shows a clear alignment with the measurement aspect, maintaining the focus on the portion required for the drink offering.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Leviticus 23:13 describes the offerings to be made during the Feast of Weeks, which include a grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil and a drink offering of wine. These offerings are meant to be pleasing to God and reflect the worshippers' devotion.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
A grain offering, or מִנְחָה, is a gift of fine flour presented to God, often mixed with oil, symbolizing gratitude and devotion.
Wine is included as a drink offering, symbolizing joy and celebration in the worship of God, and is often poured out as a libation.
A 'pleasing aroma' refers to the idea that the offerings are accepted by God, signifying His pleasure with the worshippers' sacrifices.
The specific measurements for the offerings emphasize the importance of precision and care in worship, reflecting the seriousness of approaching God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I offer my best to God in my daily life?
- What does it mean to me that God finds pleasure in our offerings?
- In what ways can I express gratitude to God through my actions?
- How do the rituals of the Old Testament inform my understanding of worship today?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Leviticus 23:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the meat offering thereof [shall be] two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil,.... The usual measure of flour to a meat offering was one tenth deal, Exodus 29:40; but here it is doubled:
Read John Gill on Leviticus 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 23 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTwo tenth deals, or, parts, to wit, of an ephah, i. e. two omers, whereas in other sacrifices of lambs there was but one tenth deal prescribed, . The reason of which disproportion may be this, that one of the tenth deals was a necessary attendant upon the lamb, and the other was peculiar to this feast and occasion, and was an attendant upon that of the sheaf or corn, and was offered with it in thanksgiving to God for the fruits of the earth. Drink-offerings were added to all burnt-offerings, as we may see . An hin; the measure appointed for every lamb, . This also probably would have been doubled, for the reason now mentioned, had this been a thank-offering for the vintage, as it was for…
Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 23 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsLeviticus 23:13 And the meat offering thereof [shall be] two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD [for] a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof [shall be] of wine, the fourth [part] of an hin.Ver. 13. Two tenth deals.] This was double to the ordinary proportion, because on such an occasion.
Read John Trapp on Leviticus 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13) Two tenth deals of fine flour.—Ordinarily only one-tenth deal of fine Hour was required for a meat-offering (Exodus 29:40; Numbers 15:4; Numbers 28:9; Numbers 28:13, &c.), to exhibit the plentiful harvest. With the exception of the handful of flour and oil, and of all the frankincense, this meat-offering was the perquisite of the priests. (See Leviticus 2:2-3.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 23 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13. of an ephah] approximately a bushel. The word does not appear in MT., the sense of the context supplying it. an hin] Approximately 1½ gallons.
Read Cambridge on Leviticus 23 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible13. Two tenth deals — There is no word “deals” in the Hebrew, but simply “two tenths.” The unit of measure is understood to be an ephah, two tenths of which, two omers, was about six quarts.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Leviticus 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
along with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil—an offering made by fire to the LORD, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering of a quarter hin of wine.
The meal offering with it shall be two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to Yahweh for a pleasant aroma; and the drink offering with it shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin.
along with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil—a food offering to the LORD, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering of a quarter hin of wine.
along with its grain offering, two tenths of an ephah of choice wheat flour mixed with olive oil, as a gift to the Lord, a soothing aroma, and its drink offering, one fourth of a hin of wine.
Tyndale line
And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.
And the meal-offering thereof shall be two tenth parts of an ephah of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto Jehovah for a sweet savor; and the drink-offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin.
And the meal offering thereof shall be two tenth parts of an ephah of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.
And the meat-offering thereof shall be two tenth-parts of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire to the LORD for a sweet savor: and the drink-offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin.
And the meate offring thereof shalbe two tenth deales of fine floure mingled with oyle, for a sacrifice made by fire vnto ye Lord of sweete sauour. and the drinke offring thereof the fourth part of an Hin of wine.
Strictly literal
and the oblation thereof: two tenths of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering by fire to Jehovah for a sweet odour; and the drink-offering thereof, of wine, a fourth part of a hin.
and its present two tenth deals of flour mixed with oil, a fire-offering to Jehovah, a sweet fragrance, and its drink-offering, wine, a fourth of the hin.
and its present [is] two-tenth parts of flour mixed with oil, a fire-offering to YHWH, a refreshing fragrance, and its drink-offering [is] a fourth of the hin of wine.
And the meat-offering thereof shall be two tenth parts of fine flour mingled with oil, as an offering made by fire unto the Lord, for a sweet savor; with its drink-offering of wine, the fourth part of a hin.
The grain offering must be two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to Yahweh, to produce a sweet aroma, and with it a drink offering of wine, a fourth of a hin.
From the Latin
And the libations shall be offered with it, two tenths of hour tempered with oil for a burnt offering of the Lord, and a most sweet odour: libations also of wine, the fourth part of a hin.
Simplified
together with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of the best flour mixed with olive oil (a food offering to the Lord to be accepted by him) and its drink offering of a quarter of a hin of wine.
And let the meal offering with it be two tenth parts of an ephah of the best meal mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to the Lord for a sweet smell; and the drink offering with it is to be of wine, the fourth part of a hin.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches all 14 words, indicating a strong consistency in the translation. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch differs slightly by using נסכו (libation) and רביעית (fourth), showing some variation in terminology.
וּמִנְחָתוֹ֩ שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים סֹ֣לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֛מֶן אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֑חַ וְנִסְכּ֥וֹ יַ֖יִן רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין׃
14 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ומנחתו שׁני עשׂרנים סלת בלולה בשׁמן אשׁה ליהוה ריח ניחח ונסכו יין רביעית ההין
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: נסכו (libation), רביעית (fourth)
ומנחת׳ו שני [עשרנים] [סלת] [בלולה] [בשמן] [אשה] [ליהוה] [ריח] [ניחח] [ונסכ׳ה] יין רבעית ההין
4 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 23:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מִנְחָה (minchah) refers to a gift or offering, particularly in a religious context. It encompasses a range of meanings including tribute, voluntary offerings, and specifically bloodless sacrifices, often grain offerings. The term is derived from a root meaning to apportion or bestow, indicating a donation or present, especially to God.
מִנְחָה 153 n.f. gift, tribute, offering
gift, present
tribute
offering made to God, of any kind, whether grain or animals
grain offering
grain-offering, always with this meaning in P
vbs. of offering are
base
H4503 מִנְחָה gift, tribute, offering
4503 minchah min-khaw'
from an unused root meaning to apportion, i.e. bestow; a
donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial
offering (usually bloodless and voluntary):--gift, oblation,
(meat) offering, present, sacrifice.
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering.
: offering/sacrifice
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering: gift.
: gift
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering: tribute.
: tribute
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
Conj | N-fs | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp3ms
שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two
base
H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two
8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim
dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also
(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +
twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
see HEBREW for 08145
שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.
1) two
1a) two (the cardinal number)
1a1) two, both, double, twice
1b) second (the ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
1d) both (a dual number)
Adj — AdjHAcbdc
too.
See NUMBER.
עִשָּׂרוֹן (issarown) refers to a fractional measure, specifically a tenth part or tithe. It is derived from the root meaning to divide, and is used in contexts such as Leviticus 14:10, where it denotes a tenth of an ephah. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to a tenth.
H6241 עִשָּׂרוֹן
6241 `issarown is-saw-rone'
or oissaron {is-saw-rone'}; from 6235; (fractional) a tenth
part:--tenth deal.
see HEBREW for 06235
עִשָּׂרוֹן (is.sa.ron) — tenth.
tenth part, tithe
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
סֹ֫לֶת (solet) refers to fine flour, derived from a root meaning to strip, suggesting a process of refinement. The term is consistently defined across entries, emphasizing its use in contexts related to meal or flour in the Old Testament.
סֹ֫לֶת 53 n.f. fine flour
base
H5560 סֹ֫לֶת fine flour
5560 coleth so'-leth
from an unused root meaning to strip; flour (as chipped
off):--(fine) flour, meal.
סֹ֫לֶת (so.let) — fine flour.
fine flour
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
flour.
See BREAD; FOOD.
Flour
Grain reduced to the form of meal is spoken of in the time of Abraham (Gen. 18:6). As baking was a daily necessity, grain was also ground daily at the mills (Jer. 25:10). The flour mingled with water was kneaded in kneading-troughs, and sometimes leaven (Ex. 12:34) was added and sometimes omitted (Gen. 19:3). The dough was then formed into thin cakes nine or ten inches in diameter and baked in the oven.
Fine flour was offered by the poor as a sin-offering (Lev. 5:11-13), and also in connection with other sacrifices (Num. 15:3-12; 28:7-29).
[BREAD]
→ See BARLEY
→ See BREAD
→ See OFFERING
→ See WHEAT
בָּלַל (balal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to mix, mingle, or confuse. It can also refer to feeding animals, derived from a primitive root that implies overflowing, particularly with oil. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Hithpoel, and Hiphil, covering actions like mingling among people or fading away. Notably, it is linked to the concept of providing fodder.
בָּלַל vb. mingle, mix, confuse, confound
Qal
mingle, confuse
mix
Hithpo. Ephraim, among the peoples doth he mix himself
Hiph. and we faded away
base
בָּלַל vb. denom. to give provender Ju 19:21
ref
H1101a בָּלַל mingle, mix, confuse, confound . mingle, confuse
. mix
H1101b בָּלַל vb. denom. to give provender
1101 balal baw-lal'
a primitive root; to overflow (specifically with oil.); by
implication, to mix; also (denominatively from 1098) to
fodder:--anoint, confound, X fade, mingle, mix (self), give
provender, temper.
see HEBREW for 01098
בָּלַל (ba.lal) — to mix.
1) to mix, mingle, confuse, confound
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to mingle, confuse
1a2) to mix
1b) (Hithpoel) to mix oneself (among others)
1c) (Hiphil) to fade away
בָּלַל (ba.lal) — to feed.
to give provender, feed (animals)
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) feminine singularHVqsfsa
שֶׁ֫מֶן (shemen) refers to fat or oil, particularly olive oil, and includes meanings related to richness and anointing. It is derived from the root word for grease and can also metaphorically describe fertile land. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts like medicinal applications and anointing.
שֶׁ֫מֶן 192 n.m. fat, oil
base
H8081 שֶׁ֫מֶן fat, oil
8081 shemen sheh'-men
from 8080; grease, especially liquid (as from the olive,
often perfumed); figuratively, richness:--anointing, X fat
(things), X fruitful, oil((-ed)), ointment, olive, + pine.
see HEBREW for 08080
שֶׁ֫מֶן (she.men) — oil.
1) fat, oil
1a) fat, fatness
1b) oil, olive oil
1b1) as staple, medicament or unguent
1b2) for anointing
1c) fat (of fruitful land, valleys) (metaph)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
oil (shemen; elaion):
1. Terms
2. Production and Storage
3. Uses
(1) As a Commodity of Exchange
(2) As a Cosmetic
(3) As a Medicine
(4) As a Food
(5) As an Illuminant
(6) In Religious Rites
(a) Consecration
(b) Offerings
(c) Burials
4. Figurative Uses
Shemen, literally, "fat," corresponds to the common Arabic senin of similar meaning, although now applied to boiled butter fat.
1. Terms:
Another Hebrew word, zayith (zeth), "olive," occurs with shemen in several passages (Ex 27:20; 30:24; Le 24:2). The corresponding Arabic zeit, a contraction of zeitun, which is the name for the olive tree as well as the fruit, is now applied to oils in general, to distinguish them from solid fats. Zeit usually means olive oil, unless some qualifying name indicates another oil. A corresponding use was made of…
Oil
Only olive oil seems to have been used among the Hebrews. It was used for many purposes: for anointing the body or the hair (Ex. 29:7; 2 Sam. 14:2; Ps. 23:5; 92:10; 104:15; Luke 7:46); in some of the offerings (Ex. 29:40; Lev. 7:12; Num. 6:15; 15:4), but was excluded from the sin-offering (Lev. 5:11) and the jealousy-offering (Num. 5:15); for burning in lamps (
Of the numerous substances, animal and vegetable, which were known to the ancients as yielding oil, the olive berry is the one of which most frequent mention is made in the Scriptures. Gathering , --The olive berry was either gathered by hand or shaken off carefully with a light reed or stick. Pressing . --In order to make oil the fruit, was either bruised in a mortar crushed in a press loaded with wood or stones, ground in a mill, or trodden with the feet. The "beaten" oil of (Exodus 27:20; 29:40; Leviticus 24:2; Numbers 28:6) was probably made by bruising in a mortar, It was used-- (1) As food. Dried wheat, boiled with either butter or oil, but generally the former, is a common dish for all classes in Syria. (
Was employed from the earliest periods in the east, not only for the purpose of consecration, but to anoint the head, the beard, and the whole person in daily life, Ge 28:18. See ANOINTING. It was also universally used for food, Eze 16:13. Fresh and sweet olive oil was greatly preferred to butter and animal fat as a seasoning for food, and to this day in Syria almost every kind of food is cooked with oil. It had a place also among the meat-offerings in the temple, being usually mixed with the meal of the oblation, Le 5:11 6:21. For lamps, also, pure olive oil was regarded as the best, and was used in illuminating the tabernacle. These many uses for oil made the culture of the olive-tree an extensive and lucrative business,
אִשֶּׁה (ishshah) refers to an offering made by fire, primarily understood as a burnt offering in a liturgical context. It can also denote any type of sacrifice, particularly those involving food offerings given to God or consumed by priests. The entries consistently emphasize its sacrificial nature.
אִשֶּׁה n.m. an offering made by fire
base
H801 אִשֶּׁה an offering made by fire
801 'ishshah ish-shaw'
the same as 800, but used in a liturgical sense; properly, a
burnt-offering; but occasionally of any
sacrifice:--(offering, sacrifice), (made) by fire.
see HEBREW for 0800
אִשֶּׁה (ish.shah) — food offering.
food offering, offering given to God by fire or eaten by priests, sacrificial offering
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Offering
An oblation, dedicated to God. Thus Cain consecrated to God of the first-fruits of the earth, and Abel of the firstlings of the flock (Gen. 4:3, 4). Under the Levitical system different kinds of offerings are specified, and laws laid down as to their presentation. These are described under their distinctive names.
In the Hebrew, an offering, minchah, is distinguished from a sacrifice, zebah, as being bloodless. In our version, however, the word offering is often used for a sacrifice, as in the case of peace offerings, sin offerings, etc. Of the proper offerings, that is, the unbloody offerings, some accompanied the sacrifices, as flour, wine, salt; others were not connected with any sacrifices. Like the sacrifices, some, as the first fruits and tenths, were obligatory; other were voluntary offerings of devotion. Various sorts of offerings are enumerated in the books of Moses. Among these are,
1. Fine flour, or meal;
2. Cakes baked in an oven;
3. Cakes baked on a plate or shallow pan;
4. Cakes cooked in deep vessel by frying in oil, (English version, "frying pan," though some understand here a gridiron or a plate with holes;)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'
יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)
יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb
יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D
the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy
יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
base
H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel
3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'
from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish
national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.
see HEBREW for 01961
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03069
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.
Jehovah = "the existing One"
1) the proper name of the one true God
1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npt
רֵיחַ (reyach) refers to scent or odor, derived from the root meaning breath. It encompasses general fragrances and specifically the odor associated with sacrifices to God. The term appears in various contexts, highlighting its significance in both everyday and ritualistic settings.
רֵיחַ 58 n.m. scent, odour (prop. breath)
base
H7381 רֵיחַ scent, odour (prop. breath)
7381 reyach ray'-akh
from 7306; odor (as if blown):--savour, scent, smell.
see HEBREW for 07306
רֵיחַ (re.ach) — aroma.
1) scent, fragrance, aroma, odour
1a) scent, odour
1b) odour of soothing (technical term for sacrifice to God)
Aramaic equivalent: re.ach (רֵיחַ "smell" H7382)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נִיחֹחַ (nichowach) refers to a state of soothing or tranquility. It is derived from the root meaning restful or pleasant, often associated with a sweet odor. The word is consistently described as conveying a sense of quieting or soothing across the entries.
נִיחֹחַ and נִיחוֹחַ 43 n.[m.] a quieting, soothing, tranquilizing
base
H5207 נִיחֹחַ, נִיחוֹחַ a quieting, soothing, tranquilizing
5207 nichowach nee-kho'-akh
or niychoach {nee-kho'-akh}; from 5117; properly, restful,
i.e. pleasant; abstractly, delight:--sweet (odour).
see HEBREW for 05117
נִיחֹחַ (ni.cho.ach) — soothing.
soothing, quieting, tranquillising
Aramaic equivalent: ni.cho.ach (נִיחוֹחַ "soothing" H5208)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word נֶ֫סֶךְ (*necek*) primarily means 'drink offering' or 'libation,' referring to a ritual pouring of liquid. It can also denote 'molten images' or 'cast idols.' The word is derived from a root meaning to pour out, and its Aramaic equivalent is noted as well.
נֶ֫סֶךְ n.m. drink-offering
drink-offering
molten images
base
H5262 נֶ֫סֶךְ drink-offering . drink-offering
. molten images
5262 necek neh'-sek
or necek {nay'-sek}; from 5258; a libation; also a cast
idol:--cover, drink offering, molten image.
see HEBREW for 05258
נֶ֫סֶךְ (ne.sekh) — drink offering.
1) drink offering, libation, molten image, something poured out
1a) drink offering
1b) molten images
Aramaic equivalent: ne.sakh (נְסַךְ "drink offering" H5261)
Conj | N-ms | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
יַ֫יִן (yayin) means 'wine' and is associated with fermentation and intoxication. It appears in various contexts, including banqueting. The word is derived from an unused root that suggests the idea of effervescence.
יַ֫יִן 141 n.m. wine
base
H3196 יַ֫יִן wine
3196 yayin yah'-yin
from an unused root meaning to effervesce; wine (as
fermented); by implication, intoxication:--banqueting, wine,
wine(-bibber).
יַ֫יִן (ya.yin) — wine.
wine
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Wine
The common Hebrew word for wine is yayin, from a root meaning “to boil up,” “to be in a ferment.” Others derive it from a root meaning “to tread out,” and hence the juice of the grape trodden out. The Greek word for wine is oinos_, and the Latin _vinun. But besides this common Hebrew word, there are several others which are thus rendered.
(1.) Ashishah (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), which, however, rather denotes a solid cake of pressed grapes, or, as in the Revised Version, a cake of raisins.
(2.) ‘Asis, “sweet wine,” or “new wine,” the product of the same year (Cant. 8:2;
The manufacture of wine is carried back in the Bible to the age of Noah, (Genesis 9:20,21) to whom the discovery of the process is apparently, though not explicitly, attributed. The natural history and culture of the vine are described under a separate head. [VINE] The only other plant whose fruit is noticed as having been converted into wine was the pomegranate. (Solomon 8:2) In Palestine the vintage takes place in September, and is celebrated with great rejoicing. The ripe fruit was gathered in baskets, (Jeremiah 6:9) as represented in Egyptian paintings, and was carried to the wine-press. It was then placed in the upper one of the two vats or receptacles of which the winepress was formed, and was subjected to the process of "treading," which has prevailed in all ages in Oriental…
The vine being natural to the soil of Canaan and its vicinity, wine was much used as a beverage, especially at festivals, Es 1:7 5:6 Da 5:1-4 Joh 2:3. As one of the staple products of the Holy Land, it was employed for drink-offerings in the temple service, Ex 20:26 Nu 15:4-10; it was included among the "first-fruits," De 18:4, and was used in the celebration of the Passover, and subsequently of the Lord’s supper, Mt 26:27-29. Together with corn and oil it denoted all temporal supplies,
רְבִיעִי (rbiy`iy) means 'fourth' and can also refer to a 'fourth part' or describe something as 'foursquare.' It is derived from the root word for 'four' and has both masculine and feminine forms. The term appears in contexts where ordinal numbers are used.
רְבִיעִי m., רְבִיעִית f., adj.num.ordin. fourth
base
H7243 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעִית fourth
7243 rbiy`iy reb-ee-ee'
or rbiiy {reb-ee-ee'}; from 7251; fourth; also
(fractionally) a fourth:--foursquare, fourth (part).
see HEBREW for 07251
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.i) — fourth.
1) fourth
1a) fourth
1b) four square
1c) fourth part
Aramaic equivalent: re.vi.ay (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7244)
Adj — AdjHAofsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
הִין (hiyn) refers to a unit of liquid measurement, specifically a hin, which is approximately 5 quarts or 6 liters. It can also denote a vessel that holds this amount. The term appears in Leviticus 19:36.
הִין n.m. Lv 19:36 hin, a liquid measure (𝔊 εἴν)
a measure
vessel with capacity if hin
base
H1969 הִין
1969 hiyn heen
probably of Egyptian origin; a hin or liquid measure:--hin.
הִין (hin) — hin.
1) hin
1a) a unit of measure, about 5 quarts (6 l)
1b) a vessel holding a hin of liquid
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
hin (hin): A liquid measure containing 12 logs, equal to about 8 quarts.
See WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
[WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AND MEASURES]