Psalms 68:13 — Word Study
WLCאִֽם־ תִּשְׁכְּבוּן֮ בֵּ֪ין שְׁפַ֫תָּ֥יִם כַּנְפֵ֣י י֭וֹנָה נֶחְפָּ֣ה בַכֶּ֑סֶף וְ֝אֶבְרוֹתֶ֗יהָ בִּֽירַקְרַ֥ק חָרֽוּץ׃
BSAKing'smelek armytsâbâʼ to wandernâdad to wandernâdad pasturenâveh placebayith to dividechâlaq spoilshâlâl
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אִֽם־ | if | Particle |
| תִּשְׁכְּבוּן֮ | you will lie down ! | Verb qal imperfect second person masculine plural, suffix |
| בֵּ֪ין | between | |
| שְׁפַ֫תָּ֥יִם | [two] saddlebags | Noun common, masculine dual absolute |
| כַּנְפֵ֣י | [the] wings of | Noun common, feminine dual construct |
| י֭וֹנָה | a dove | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| נֶחְפָּ֣ה | [are] covered | Verb, Niphal, participle (active) feminine singular |
| בַכֶּ֑סֶף | with silver | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְ֝אֶבְרוֹתֶ֗יהָ | and pinions its | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| בִּֽירַקְרַ֥ק | with greenish of | Preposition |
| חָרֽוּץ׃ | gold | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Though you lie down among the sheepfolds, the wings of the dove are covered with silver, and her feathers with shimmering gold.” |
| KJV | Though ye have lien among the pots, yet shall ye be as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold. |
| ASV | When ye lie among the sheepfolds, It is as the wings of a dove covered with silver, And her pinions with yellow gold. |
| YLT | Though ye do lie between two boundaries, Wings of a dove covered with silver, And her pinions with yellow gold. |
| WEB | while you sleep among the camp fires, the wings of a dove sheathed with silver, her feathers with shining gold. |
| BBE | Will you take your rest among the flocks? like the wings of a dove covered with silver, and its feathers with yellow gold. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, particularly regarding the imagery of the dove and the precious materials.
The sentence has a main clause followed by two phrases that elaborate on the subject, creating a rich poetic image.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbנָוֶה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 68:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Majesty and Protectiongenerated
Psalm 68:13 presents a vivid image of resting among sheepfolds, where the wings of a dove are adorned with silver and her feathers with shimmering gold. This verse captures the beauty of God's creation and the value of His gifts, reflecting a sense of peace and security in His presence. The surrounding verses emphasize God's power and the majesty of His creation, illustrating how He cares for His people.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 81:6 | “I relieved his shoulder of the burden; his hands were freed from the basket. |
| 2 | Exodus 1:14 | and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh. |
| 3 | 1 Corinthians 6:9–11 | Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts, |
| 4 | 1 Corinthians 12:2 | You know that when you were pagans, you were influenced and led astray to mute idols. |
| 5 | Ephesians 2:1–3 | And you were dead in your trespasses and sins, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נֶחְפָּ֣ה, nech.Pahgenerated
The word נֶחְפָּ֣ה (nechpah) is a Niphal participle meaning 'to be covered.' It suggests the idea of being enveloped or protected, conveying a sense of safety and security. In this context, it describes how the wings of the dove are covered, enhancing the imagery of beauty and value.
This participle form indicates an ongoing state of being covered, which adds to the poetic nature of the verse. The use of this word emphasizes the preciousness of the dove's wings, adorned with silver, and the overall theme of divine protection and care.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb נֶחְפָּ֣ה governs the main clause, indicating the action of being covered. The structure uses a series of phrases to describe the subject's state and the details of the wings and feathers, creating a layered poetic image.
The word order emphasizes the beauty of the dove's wings and feathers, with the prepositional phrases detailing the materials of silver and gold, enhancing the visual imagery of preciousness.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נֶחְפָּ֣ה with the Greek word καὶ (G2532), which serves as a conjunction. This choice indicates a different syntactic structure but retains the overall meaning of the original Hebrew.
The translation reflects a broader interpretation of the text, focusing on the relationship between the dove's wings and the precious materials, though the exact nuances of the Hebrew are not fully captured.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 68:13 describes a peaceful scene where one lies down among sheepfolds, and the wings of a dove are beautifully covered with silver while her feathers shine with gold. This imagery reflects the preciousness of God's creation and His protective care.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The dove often symbolizes peace and gentleness, and in this verse, it represents beauty and the preciousness of God's gifts.
Silver signifies value and beauty, enhancing the imagery of the dove's wings as precious and adorned.
Lying down among sheepfolds suggests a place of safety and rest, reflecting God's protective nature.
This verse contributes to the overall themes of God's majesty and care for His people, illustrating His power and protection through vivid imagery.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the imagery of the dove's wings covered with silver mean to you?
- In what ways do you see God's protection in your life?
- How can you find peace and rest in God's presence, similar to lying down among sheepfolds?
- What does the beauty of creation teach you about God's character?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Augustine of Hippo comments on this verse, highlighting its beauty and the significance of the dove's wings being silvered.
Now in that which follows, he turns himself to address the members themselves, whereof the beauty of the House is composed, saying, "If you sleep in the midst of the lots, wings of a dove silvered,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 68 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 68:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThough ye have lain among the pots,.... Kimchi takes these words to be the words of the women, or of the psalmist addressing the Israelites going out to war; that though they should lie in a low,
Read John Gill on Psalms 68 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe Lord gave the word: great was the company of those that published it. -God's doings for His people from the time of their entrance into Canaan until the setting up of the sanctuary in Zion. Verse 11.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 68 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThough ye, ye Israelites, to whom he now turneth his speech, have lien among the pots; like scullions, that commonly lie down in the kitchen among the pots or hearthstones, whereby they are very much discoloured and deformed; which is fitly opposed to the following beauty. Though you have been filled with affliction and contempt. Shall ye be; or, ye have been; which may seem more suitable to the context, both foregoing and following, wherein he doth not speak prophetically of things to come, but historically of things past. So the sense of the verse is, Though you have formerly been exposed to great servitude, and reproach, and misery, to wit, in Egypt, yet since that time God hath changed…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 68 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 68:13 Though ye have lien among the pots, [yet shall ye be as] the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold.Ver. 13. Though ye have lien among the pots] Inter Chytropodas. Quasi obruti toti et oppleti fuligine et tenebris, black and sooty, as the black guard of an army, or as scullions in a kitchen, who lie sometimes all night, like beasts, in a chimney corner; or as your forefathers in Egypt, when their shoulders were not yet removed from the burden, nor their hands from the pots, Psalms 81:6. The meaning is, though ye have been in a low and loathsome condition, yet now ye shall shine and flourish. Verba sunt mulierum, saith Kimchi, these are the words…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 68 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11-14) These verses refer to the conquest of Canaan, the long history of which is, however, here crowded into one supreme and crowning moment: a word from God, and all was done.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 68 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 13. Though ye have lien among the pots] The prophet is supposed here to address the tribes of Reuben and Gad, who remained in their inheritances, occupied with agricultural, maritime, and domestic affairs, when the other tribes were obliged to go against Jabin, and the other Canaanitish kings. Ye have been thus occupied, while your brethren sustained a desperate campaign; but while you are inglorious, they obtained the most splendid victory, and dwell under those rich tents which they have taken from the enemy; coverings of the most beautiful colours, adorned with gold and silver. The words בירקרק חרוץ birakrak charuts, native gold, so exceedingly and splendidly yellow as to approach…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 68 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13. An extremely difficult verse. It has been suggested that the second and third lines, like the first, are derived from some ancient poem now lost, and that to readers who could recognise the allusion they would be intelligible, though to us they are obscure. The A.V., which appears to contrast the squalid misery of Israel in Egypt with the brilliant prosperity of their new home in Canaan, must be abandoned, and two considerations must govern the interpretation of the verse. (1) The first line clearly alludes to Judges 5:16 (cp. Genesis 49:14, R.V.), where Deborah upbraids Reuben for cowardice and irresolution, and for preferring the ignoble ease of pastoral life to the glorious dangers…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 68 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThough ye have lien among the pots - There are few passages in the Bible more difficult of interpretation than this verse and the following.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 68 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Though you lie down among the sheepfolds, the wings of the dove are covered with silver, and her feathers with shimmering gold.”
while you sleep among the camp fires, the wings of a dove sheathed with silver, her feathers with shining gold.
Though you lie down among the sheepfolds, the wings of the dove are covered with silver, and her feathers with shimmering gold.”
When you lie down among the sheepfolds, the wings of the dove are covered with silver and with glittering gold.
Tyndale line
Though ye have lien among the pots, yet shall ye be as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold.
When ye lie among the sheepfolds, It is as the wings of a dove covered with silver, And her pinions with yellow gold.
Will ye lie among the sheepfolds, as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her pinions with yellow gold?
Though ye have lain among the pots, yet shall ye be as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold.
Though ye haue lien among pots, yet shall ye be as the winges of a doue that is couered with siluer, and whose fethers are like yelowe golde.
Strictly literal
Though ye have lain among the sheepfolds, [ye shall be as] wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with green gold.
Though ye do lie between two boundaries, Wings of a dove covered with silver, And her pinions with yellow gold.
Though you lie between two boundaries, || Wings of a dove covered with silver, || And her pinions with yellow gold.
(68:14) When ye lie still between the folds [of your cattle], [ye will be like] the wings of the dove covered with sliver, and her pinions shining with flaming gold.
From the Latin
They that sat in the gate spoke against me: and they that drank wine made me their song.
Simplified
Why are you staying at home? There are ornaments in the shape of a dove with wings of silver and feathers of fine gold to be taken.
Will you take your rest among the flocks? like the wings of a dove covered with silver, and its feathers with yellow gold.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint in some aspects, but the word order and specific wording differ. The Septuagint's choice of words shows a different literary approach while maintaining the core message of beauty and protection.
אִֽם־ תִּשְׁכְּבוּן֮ בֵּ֪ין שְׁפַ֫תָּ֥יִם כַּנְפֵ֣י י֭וֹנָה נֶחְפָּ֣ה בַכֶּ֑סֶף וְ֝אֶבְרוֹתֶ֗יהָ בִּֽירַקְרַ֥ק חָרֽוּץ׃
6 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 68:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אִם (im) is a Hebrew conjunction primarily meaning 'if' and is used in various contexts, including conditional clauses and interrogative situations. It can also express negation, alternatives, or exceptions, and appears frequently in the Old Testament. The lexicons note its use in oaths and its ability to connect different clauses, sometimes altering their meanings.
אִם conj.
hypoth. part. if
Interrog. part.
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
H518a אִם conj. . hypoth. part. if
. Interrog. part.
H518b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
518 'im eem
a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!;
interrog., whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh
that!, when; hence, as a negative, not:--(and, can-,
doubtless, if, that) (not), + but, either, + except, +
more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or,
+ save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, + surely (no more,
none, not), though, + of a truth, + unless, + verily, when,
whereas, whether, while, + yet.
אִם (im) — if.
: if/whether_or/though
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
[כִּי] אם (ki im) — if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
אִם (im) — if: surely no.
: surely_no
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
אִם (im) — if: surely yes.
: surely_yes
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
אִם (im) — if: until.
: until/except
HTc — ParticleHTc
The Hebrew word שָׁכַב (shakab) is a primitive root meaning 'to lie down.' It covers a range of meanings including resting, lodging, engaging in sexual relations, and lying down in death. The word appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Pual, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating different nuances of lying down. Notably, it can also figuratively mean to relax.
שָׁכַב 212 vb. lie down
Qal
lie down
= lodge (for night)
of sexual relations, lie with
lie down in death
esp. in phr. lie down with his fathers
fig. = relax
Niph. Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. women), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph. Pu. q.v.
Hiph. lay
Hoph. laid
base
H7901 שָׁכַב lie down .. lie down
. = lodge (for night)
. of sexual relations, lie with
. . lie down in death
. esp. in phr. lie down with his fathers
. fig. = relax
. Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. women), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph. Pu. q.v.
. lay
. laid
7901 shakab shaw-kab'
a primitive root; to lie down (for rest, sexual connection,
decease or any other purpose):--X at all, cast down,
((lover-))lay (self) (down), (make to) lie (down, down to
sleep, still with), lodge, ravish, take rest, sleep, stay.
שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: lay down.
: lay_down/lie_with
1) to lie down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on
1a2) to lodge
1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)
1a4) to lie down (in death)
1a5) to rest, relax (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually)
1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually)
1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down
1e) (Hophal) to be laid
שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: sleep.
: sleep/rest
1) to lie down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on
1a2) to lodge
1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)
1a4) to lie down (in death)
1a5) to rest, relax (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually)
1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually)
1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down
1e) (Hophal) to be laid
שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: have sex.
: have_sex
1) to lie down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on
1a2) to lodge
1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)
1a4) to lie down (in death)
1a5) to rest, relax (fig)
HVqi2mp/Sn — Verb qal imperfect second person masculine plural · suffixHVqi2mp/Sn
בַּ֫יִן (beyn) is a noun meaning 'interval' or 'space between.' It primarily functions as a preposition meaning 'between' or 'among,' and can also indicate distinctions or choices. The dual form בֵּנַ֫יִם refers specifically to the space between two entities, such as armies. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement.
בַּ֫יִן subst. prop. interval, space between
always (exc. dual) as prep. in the interval of, between
Dual בֵּנַ֫יִם space between two armies
base
H996 בַּ֫יִן subst. prop. interval, space between . always (exc. dual) as prep. in the interval of, between
. Dual בֵּנַ֫יִם space between two armies
996 beyn bane
(sometimes in the plural masculine or feminine); properly,
the constructive form of an otherwise unused noun from 995; a
distinction; but used only as a prep, between (repeated before
each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction,
either...or:--among, asunder, at, between (-twixt...and), +
from (the widest), X in, out of, whether (it be...or), within.
see HEBREW for 0995
בַּ֫יִן (ba.yin) — between.
: between
between, among, in the midst of (with other preps), from between
בַּ֫יִן (ba.yin) — between: among.
: among
between, among, in the midst of (with other preps), from between
A sub-meaning of ben (בַּ֫יִן ": between" H0996)
HAcmsc — HAcmsc
שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם (shaphath) is a dual noun with uncertain meanings. It is possibly related to מִשְׁפְּתַ֫יִם and may refer to fire-places or ash heaps, but it is also described as hook-shaped pegs or hooks. The term appears in Psalm 68:14 and Ezekiel 40:43, but its exact significance remains unclear.
שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם n.[m.] du.: prob. = מִשְׁפְּתַ֫יִם, infr., q.v.;—ψ 68:14
ref
שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם n.[m.]du. doubtful word: usu. hook-shaped pegs, hooks; abs. Ez 40:43
ref
H8240a שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם du.: prob. = מִשְׁפְּתַ֫יִם, infr., q.v. H8240b שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם du. doubtful word: usu. hook-shaped pegs, hooks
8240 shaphath shaw-fawth'
from 8239; a (double) stall (for cattle); also a
(two-pronged) hook (for flaying animals on):--hook, pot.
see HEBREW for 08239
שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם (sha.phat) — ash heep.
1) probably same as מִשְׁפְּתַ֫יִם, probably fire-places or ash-heaps
1a) meaning doubtful
שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם (sha.phat) — hook.
1) hook-shaped pegs, hooks, pots, fold
1a) meaning doubtful
HNcmda — Noun common · masculine dual absoluteHNcmda
כָּנָף (kanaph) means 'wing' or 'extremity' and can refer to various edges or corners, such as those of a bird, garment, or building. It encompasses meanings like border, corner, and skirt, indicating both physical and metaphorical edges. The word is derived from a root that suggests an edge or extremity.
כָּנָף 109 n.f. wing, extremity
base
H3671 כָּנָף wing, extremity
3671 kanaph kaw-nawf'
from 3670; an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or
army) a wing, (of a garment or bed-clothing) a flap, (of the
earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinnacle:--+ bird, border,
corner, end, feather(-ed), X flying, + (one an-)other,
overspreading, X quarters, skirt, X sort, uttermost part,
wing((-ed)).
see HEBREW for 03670
כָּנָף (ka.naph) — wing.
1) wing, extremity, edge, winged, border, corner, shirt
1a) wing
1b) extremity
1b1) skirt, corner (of garment)
HNcfdc — Noun common · feminine dual constructHNcfdc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יוֹנָה (yownah) means 'dove' or 'pigeon.' It is likely derived from a root related to warmth, possibly reflecting the bird's mating behavior. The entries consistently refer to this word without significant disagreement.
יוֹנָה n.f. dove
base
H3123 יוֹנָה dove
3123 yownah yo-naw'
probably from the same as 3196; a dove (apparently from the
warmth of their mating):--dove, pigeon.
see HEBREW for 03196
יוֹנָה (yo.nah) — dove.
dove, pigeon
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
duv (tor, yonah; peristera; Latin Zenaedura carolinensis): A bird of the family Columbidae. Doves and pigeons are so closely related as to be spoken and written of as synonymous, yet there is a distinction recognized from the beginning of time. It was especially marked in Palestine, because doves migrated, but pigeons remained in their chosen haunts all the year. Yet doves were the wild birds and were only confined singly or in pairs as caged pets, or in order to be available for sacrifice. Pigeons, without question, were the first domesticated birds, the record of their conquest by man extending if anything further back than ducks, geese and swans. These two were the best known and the most loved of all the myriads of birds of Palestine. Doves were given preference because they remained wild and were more elusive. The thing that escapes us is usually a little more attractive than the…
Dove
In their wild state doves generally build their nests in the clefts of rocks, but when domesticated “dove-cots” are prepared for them (Cant. 2:14; Jer. 48:28; Isa. 60:8). The dove was placed on the standards of the Assyrians and Babylonians in honour, it is supposed, of Semiramis (Jer. 25:38; Vulg., “fierceness of the dove;” comp. Jer. 46:16; 50:16). Doves and turtle-doves were the only birds that could be offered in sacrifice, as they were clean according to the Mosaic law (Ge. 15:9; Lev. 5:7; 12:6;
The first menton of this bird occurs in Gen. 8. The dove’s rapidity of flight is alluded to in (Psalms 55:6) the beauty of its plumage in (Psalms 68:13) its dwelling int he rocks and valleys in (Jeremiah 48:28) and Ezek 7:16 Its mournful voice in (Isaiah 38:14; 59:11; Nahum 2:7) its harmlessness in (Matthew 10:16) its simplicity in (Hosea 7:11) and its amativeness in (Solomon 1:15; 2:14) Doves are kept in a domesticated state in many parts of the East. In Persia pigeon-houses are erected at a distance from the…
חָפָה (chaphah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cover. It has different forms, including Qal (to cover), Niphal (to be covered), and Piel (to overlay). The word suggests a range of meanings related to protection and encasement, as seen in its use for covering heads or materials.
[חָפָה] vb. cover
Qal cover the head
Niph. on material
Pi. (late) overlay
base
H2645 חָפָה
2645 chaphah khaw-faw'
a primitive root (compare 2644, 2653); to cover; by
implication, to veil, to encase, protect:--ceil, cover,
overlay.
see HEBREW for 02644
see HEBREW for 02653
חָפָה (cha.phah) — to cover.
1) to cover, overlay, wainscotted, covered with boards or panelling
1a) (Qal) to cover
1b)(Niphal) to be covered
1c) (Piel) to cover, overlay
HVNrfsa — Verb · Niphal · participle (active) feminine singularHVNrfsa
כֶּ֫סֶף (ke.seph) refers to silver and money, derived from a root meaning 'to be pale.' It encompasses various aspects of silver, including its use as a metal, ornament, and a measure of wealth or value. The term appears in contexts related to payment and price, indicating its significance in transactions.
כֶּ֫סֶף 402 n.m. silver, money
= silver ore, raw silver
silver as bright, shining
silver, as wealth
silver as spoil of war
silver as merchandise
silver as costly gift
silver as material
silver as measure of weight and value
among vbs. and phr.
base
H3701 כֶּ֫סֶף silver, money
3701 keceph keh'-sef
from 3700; silver (from its pale color); by implication,
money:--money, price, silver(-ling).
see HEBREW for 03700
כֶּ֫סֶף (ke.seph) — silver: money.
: money/payment/silver
1) silver, money
1a) silver
1a1) as metal
1a2) as ornament
1a3) as colour
1b) money, shekels, talents
כֶּ֫סֶף (ke.seph) — silver: price.
: price
1) silver, money
1a) silver
1a1) as metal
1a2) as ornament
1a3) as colour
1b) money, shekels, talents
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
sil'-ver (keceph; argurion, arguros): Silver was known in the earliest historic times. Specimens of early Egyptian and Babylonian silver work testify to the skill of the ancient silversmiths. In Palestine, silver objects have been found antedating the occupation of the land by the Hebrews. This metal was used for making all kinds of ornamental objects. In the mound of Gezer were found bowls, vases, ladles, hairpins, rings and bracelets of silver. The rings and settings for scarabs or seals were commonly of this metal. The first mention of silver in the Bible is in Ge 13:2, where it says that Abraham was rich in cattle, in silver and gold. At that time it was commonly used in exchange in the form of bars or other shapes. Coins of that metal were of a much later date (Ge 20:16…
Silver
Used for a great variety of purposes, as may be judged from the frequent references to it in Scripture. It first appears in commerce in Gen. 13:2; 23:15, 16. It was largely employed for making vessels for the sanctuary in the wilderness (Ex. 26:19; 27:17; Num. 7:13, 19; 10:2). There is no record of its having been found in Syria or Palestine. It was brought in large quantities by foreign merchants from abroad, from Spain and India and other countries probably.
In very early times silver was used for ornaments, (Genesis 24:53) and for vessels of various kinds. Images for idolatrous worship were made of silver or overlaid with it, (Exodus 20:23; Hosea 13:2); Habb 2:19 Bar. 6:39, and the manufacture of silver shrines for Diana was a trade in Ephesus. (Acts 19:24) But its chief use was as a medium of exchange, and throughout the Old Testament we find "silver" used for money, like the French argent . Silver was brought to Solomon from Arabia, (2 Chronicles 9:14) and from Tarshish, (2 Chronicles 9:21) which supplied the markets…
One of the precious metals and the one most commonly used as coin among all nations. It is first mentioned in Scripture in the history of Abraham, Ge 13:2 20:16 23:16, and was used in constricting the tabernacle, Ex 26:19,32, and afterwards the temple, 1Ch 29:4. In employing it as a medium of trade, the ancient Hebrews weighed it out, instead of having coins. In the times of the New Testament there were coins. See SHEKEL, and MONEY.
אֶבְרָה (ebrah) refers to a 'pinion' or 'wing,' particularly in a poetic context. It is a feminine form related to the word for 'feather' or 'wing.' The term can denote the wings of birds like ostriches and eagles, and it may also have metaphorical uses related to God.
אֶבְרָה n.f. pinion (nom. unit., poet.)
base
H84 אֶבְרָה pinion (nom. unit., poet.)
84 'ebrah eb-raw'
feminine of 83:--feather, wing.
see HEBREW for 083
אֶבְרָה (ev.rah) — pinion.
1) pinion, wing
1a) of bird (ostrich, eagle, dove)
1b) of God (metaph)
HC/Ncfpc/Sp3fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncfpc/Sp3fs
יְרַקְרַק (yeraqraq) is an adjective meaning greenish or pale green, with a nuance of yellowishness. It is derived from a root associated with the color green, specifically noted for its greenish-yellow tone. The entries consistently emphasize its color-related meanings without significant disagreement.
יְרַקְרַק adj. greenish, pale-green
base
H3422 יְרַקְרַק
3422 yraqraq yer-ak-rak'
from the same as 3418; yellowishness: -greenish, yellow.
see HEBREW for 03418
יְרַקְרַק (ye.raq.raq) — greenish.
greenish, pale green, greenish-yellow
HR/Aamsc — PrepositionHR/Aamsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word חָרוּץ (*charuwts*) is derived from a root meaning to incise or be incisive. It encompasses a range of meanings including sharp, diligent, strict decision, trench, and gold, with specific references in the Old Testament such as in Job 4:14 and Daniel 9:25. The lexicons agree on these meanings without significant disagreement.
חָרוּץ adj. sharp, diligent
base
חָרוּץ n.[m.] strict decision, only Jo 4:14, 14
ref
חָרוּץ n.[m.] trench, moat—only in Dn 9:25
ref
חָרוּץ n.m. gold, poet.
base
H2742a חָרוּץ sharp, diligent H2742b חָרוּץ strict decision H2742c חָרוּץ trench, moat H2742d חָרוּץ gold poet.
2742 charuwts khaw-roots'
or charuts {khaw-roots'}; passive participle of 2782;
properly, incised or (active) incisive; hence (as noun
masculine or feminine) a trench (as dug), gold (as mined), a
threshing-sledge (having sharp teeth); (figuratively)
determination; also eager:--decision, diligent, (fine) gold,
pointed things, sharp, threshing instrument, wall.
see HEBREW for 02782
חָרוּץ (cha.ruts) — sharp.
adj
sharp-pointed, sharp, diligent
חָרוּץ (cha.ruts) — decision.
strict decision, decision
חָרוּץ (cha.ruts) — trench.
trench, moat, ditch
חָרוּץ (cha.ruts) — gold.
gold (poetical)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gold (zahabh; chrusos):
1. Terms:
No metal has been more frequently mentioned in Old Testament writings than gold, and none has had more terms applied to it. Among these terms the one most used is zahabh. The Arabic equivalent, dhahab, is still the common name for gold throughout Palestine, Syria and Egypt. With zahabh frequently occur other words which, translated, mean "pure" (Ex 25:11), "refined" (1Ch 28:18), "finest" (1Ki 10:18), "beaten" (1Ki 10:17), "Ophir" (Ps 45:9).
Other terms occurring are: paz, "fine gold" (Job 28:17;
Gold
(1.) Heb. zahab, so called from its yellow colour (Ex. 25:11; 1 Chr. 28:18; 2 Chr. 3:5).
(2.) Heb. segor, from its compactness, or as being enclosed or treasured up; thus precious or “fine gold” (1 Kings 6:20; 7:49).
Gold was known from the very earliest times. (Genesis 2:11) It was at first used chiefly for ornaments, etc. (Genesis 24:22) Coined money was not known to the ancients till a comparatively late period; and on the Egyptian tombs gold is represented as being weighed in rings for commercial purposes. Comp. (Genesis 43:21) Gold was extremely abundant in ancient times, (1 Chronicles 22:14; 2 Chronicles 1:15; 9:9; Daniel 3:1; Nahum 2:9) but this did not depreciate its value, because of the enormous quantities consumed by…
A well-known valuable metal, found in many parts of the world, and obtained anciently in Ophir, Job 28:16; Parvaim, 2Ch 3:6; Sheba, and Raamah, Eze 27:22. Job alludes to gold in various forms, Job 22:24 28:15-19. Abraham was rich in it, and female ornaments were early made of it, Ge 13:2 24:22,35. It is spoken of throughout Scripture; and the use of it among and ancient Hebrews, in its native and mixed state, and for the same purposes as at present, was very common. The Ark of the Covenant was overlaid with pure gold; the mercy seat, the vessels and utensils belonging to the tabernacle, and those also of the house of…