Psalms 92:7 — Word Study
WLCבִּפְרֹ֤חַ רְשָׁעִ֨ים׀ כְּמ֥וֹ עֵ֗שֶׂב וַ֭יָּצִיצוּ כָּל־ פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן לְהִשָּֽׁמְדָ֥ם עֲדֵי־ עַֽד׃
BSAmanʼîysh stupidbaʻar notlôʼ to knowyâdaʻ foolkᵉçîyl notlôʼ to understandbîyn Obj.ʼêth thiszôʼth
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בִּפְרֹ֤חַ | when flourish | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| רְשָׁעִ֨ים׀ | wicked [people] | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| כְּמ֥וֹ | like | Preposition |
| עֵ֗שֶׂב | vegetation | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וַ֭יָּצִיצוּ | and they blossomed | Verb, Hiphil, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| פֹּ֣עֲלֵי | [those who] do | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| אָ֑וֶן | wickedness | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לְהִשָּֽׁמְדָ֥ם | to be destroyed they | Preposition, verb niphal infinitive construct common, suffix |
| עֲדֵי־ | until | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| עַֽד׃ | perpetuity | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | that though the wicked sprout like grass, and all evildoers flourish, they will be forever destroyed. |
| KJV | When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever: |
| ASV | When the wicked spring as the grass, And when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; It is that they shall be destroyed for ever. |
| YLT | When the wicked flourish as a herb, And blossom do all workers of iniquity — For their being destroyed for ever and ever! |
| WEB | though the wicked spring up as the grass, and all the evildoers flourish, they will be destroyed forever. |
| BBE | When the sinners come up like the grass, and all the workers of evil do well for themselves, it is so that their end may be eternal destruction. |
The translations agree on the meaning of רְשָׁעִ֨ים as 'wicked.'
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by subordinate clauses that elaborate on the fate of the wicked.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectלֹא
verbלֹא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 92:7
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Fate of the Wickedgenerated
Psalm 92:7 discusses the temporary success of the wicked, comparing their growth to grass that flourishes quickly. The psalmist reassures the reader that despite their apparent prosperity, they will ultimately face destruction. This theme of divine justice is echoed throughout the Psalms, reminding us that God will prevail over evil.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 37:1–2 | Do not fret over those who do evil; do not envy those who do wrong. |
| 2 | Psalm 90:5–6 | You whisk them away in their sleep; they are like the new grass of the morning— |
| 3 | Psalm 103:15–16 | As for man, his days are like grass— he blooms like a flower of the field; |
| 4 | Isaiah 37:27 | Therefore their inhabitants, devoid of power, are dismayed and ashamed. They are like plants in the field, tender green shoots, grass on the rooftops, scorched before it is grown. |
| 5 | Isaiah 40:6–7 | A voice says, “Cry out!” And I asked, “What should I cry out?” “All flesh is like grass, and all its glory like the flowers of the field. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 18 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — רְשָׁעִ֨ים, re.sha.'Imgenerated
The noun רְשָׁע (*rasha`*) refers to individuals who are morally wrong or guilty of sin. It describes those who oppose God and commit acts of wickedness. The parsing indicates that it is a common masculine plural noun, emphasizing a collective group of wicked people.
This term is significant in the psalm as it sets the stage for the contrast between the fleeting success of the wicked and the permanence of their destruction. The psalmist uses this word to highlight their moral failing and the consequences that follow.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we look at the verse as rendered in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the word wicked to describe those who oppose God.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is יָּצִיצוּ, they blossomed, which governs the sentence. The structure includes a prepositional phrase that describes the context of the flourishing and a clause that indicates the fate of the wicked.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the contrast between the flourishing of the wicked and their eventual destruction, showcasing the psalmist's poetic style.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word רְשָׁע is rendered as ἄφρων, which translates to 'foolish.' This choice may suggest a broader interpretation of the wicked as not only morally wrong but also lacking understanding.
This translation indicates a slight shift in focus from moral culpability to the folly of the wicked, highlighting their ignorance of divine justice.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 92:7 tells us that the wicked may seem to thrive like grass, but their flourishing is temporary. The psalmist assures us that they will ultimately be destroyed forever. This verse serves as a reminder of God's justice and the fate that awaits those who do evil.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This imagery suggests that the wicked may appear to grow and prosper quickly, similar to grass that flourishes, but this is only a temporary state.
The verse clearly states that the wicked will be forever destroyed, indicating a final and irreversible judgment.
The psalmist contrasts the temporary success of the wicked with their ultimate destruction, reinforcing the idea that God will ultimately hold the wicked accountable.
Grass is often associated with transient beauty and quick growth, making it a fitting metaphor for the fleeting nature of the wicked's success.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I seen the temporary success of those who do wrong in my own life?
- How can I remind myself of God's justice when I see the wicked prospering?
- What steps can I take to ensure I am living righteously and not following the path of the wicked?
- How does understanding the fate of the wicked impact my view of justice in the world?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 92:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWhen the wicked spring as the grass,.... Out of the earth, as they do, and are of the earth earthly, and become numerous as spires of grass, and look pleasant and beautiful for a while, as that does;
Read John Gill on Psalms 92 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWhen the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever: When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 92 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTheir present worldly prosperity is a presage and occasion of their utter and eternal ruin.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 92 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 92:7 When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; [it is] that they shall be destroyed for ever:Ver. 7. When the wicked spring as the grass, &c.] This the fool admireth, calling the proud happy, &c., Malachi 3:15, and not considering that that proud grass shall be mown down, and that that flourish shall soon perish. It is that they shall be destroyed for ever] Not grow again, as mown grass doth: Exoriuntur ut exurantur. It is but as Haman’ s banquet before execution.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 92 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(7) This verse apparently introduces the statement of the truth which the sensualist does not understand, viz., that the prosperity of the wicked is only momentary, and will render their destruction all the more impressive. The Authorised Version is incorrect in introducing the second conjunction “when.” Literally, In the springing of the wicked like grass, flourish all the workers of iniquity to be destroyed for ever, i.e., the prosperity of an evil class or community gives an impulse to evil, and apparently for a time iniquity seems to have the upper hand, but it is only that the inevitable destruction may be more signal. For the emblematic use of vegetable life in the psalter see Note…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 92 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 7. When the wicked spring as the grass] This is a lesson which is frequently inculcated in the sacred writings. The favour of God towards man is not to be known by outward prosperity; nor is his disapprobation to be known by the adverse circumstances in which any person may be found. When, however, we see the wicked flourish, we may take for granted that their abuse of God's mercies will cause him to cut them off as cumberers of the ground; and, dying in their sins, they are destroyed for ever.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 92 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4–8. The special ground for praise in the manifestation of Jehovah’s sovereignty.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 92 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWhen the wicked spring as the grass - When they grow up as plants do; when they seem to flourish and prosper. Compare Psalms 90:5-6; Psalms 37:2, Psalms 37:35, Psalms 37:38.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 92 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
that though the wicked sprout like grass, and all evildoers flourish, they will be forever destroyed.
though the wicked spring up as the grass, and all the evildoers flourish, they will be destroyed forever.
that though the wicked sprout like grass, and all evildoers flourish, they will be forever destroyed.
When the wicked sprout up like grass, and all the evildoers glisten, it is so that they may be annihilated.
Tyndale line
When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever:
When the wicked spring as the grass, And when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; It is that they shall be destroyed for ever.
When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever:
When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever:
(When the wicked growe as the grasse, and all the workers of wickednesse doe flourish) that they shall be destroyed for euer.
Strictly literal
When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity flourish, it is that they may be destroyed for ever.
When the wicked flourish as a herb, And blossom do all workers of iniquity — For their being destroyed for ever and ever!
When the wicked flourish as an herb, || And all workers of iniquity blossom—For their being destroyed forever and ever!
(92:8) When the wicked spring up like herbs, and when all the workers of wickedness do flourish; it is that they may be destroyed evermore.
When the wicked sprout like the grass, and even when all the evildoers thrive, still they are doomed to eternal destruction.
Simplified
even though the wicked grow up quickly like grass, and even though people who do evil flourish, they will be destroyed forever!
When the sinners come up like the grass, and all the workers of evil do well for themselves, it is so that their end may be eternal destruction.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show some agreement, with 7 of the 11 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls fragment contains 9 words from the verse, indicating a strong textual consistency across these ancient witnesses.
בִּפְרֹ֤חַ רְשָׁעִ֨ים׀ כְּמ֥וֹ עֵ֗שֶׂב וַ֭יָּצִיצוּ כָּל־ פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן לְהִשָּֽׁמְדָ֥ם עֲדֵי־ עַֽד׃
7 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
איש בער ולא ידע [וכסיל] לא יבין את זאת
9 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 92:7
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word פָּרַח (*pa.rach*) is a primitive root that encompasses several meanings, primarily related to growth and emergence. It can mean to bud, sprout, or shoot, as well as to break out in the context of leprosy or similar eruptions. Additionally, it has a sense of flying, particularly in an Aramaic context. The entries highlight its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil.
פָּרַח vb. bud, sprout, shoot
Qal bud, sprout, send out shoots, of vine
Hiph.
cause to bud or sprout
shew buds, sprouts, of tree
base
פָּרַח vb. break out, of leprosy and like eruptions
base
[פָּרַח] vb. fly, Aramaism
base
H6524a פָּרַח bud, sprout, shoot H6524b פָּרַח break out, of leprosy and like eruptions H6524c פָּרַח fly, Aramaism
6524 parach paw-rakh'
a primitive root; to break forth as a bud, i.e. bloom;
generally, to spread; specifically, to fly (as extending the
wings); figuratively, to flourish:--X abroad, X abundantly,
blossom, break forth (out), bud, flourish, make fly, grow,
spread, spring (up).
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to sprout.
1) to bud, sprout, shoot, bloom
1a) (Qal) to bud, sprout, send out shoots, blossom
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to bud or sprout
1b2) to show buds or sprouts
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to break out.
(Qal) to break out (of leprosy)
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to fly.
(Qal) to fly (Aramaism)
HR/Vqcc — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
flur'-ish (parach, tsuts; anathallo):
The translation of parach, "to break forth" (Ps 72:7; 92:12,13; Pr 14:11; Isa 66:14; So 6:11; 7:12; the Revised Version (British and American) "budded"); of tsuts "to bloom" (Ps 72:16, 90:6; 92:7; 103:15; 132:18); ra`anan, "green," "fresh," is translated "flourishing" in Ps 92:14, the Revised Version (British and American) "green," and ra`anan, Aramaic in Da 4:4; nubh, "to sprout" (Zec 9:17, the King James Version…
רָשָׁע (rasha`) refers to someone who is wicked or criminal, encompassing meanings such as guilty and ungodly. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing. The term is used to describe individuals who are hostile to God or guilty of sin against others.
רָשָׁע 263 adj. wicked, criminal
base
H7563 רָשָׁע wicked, criminal
7563 rasha` raw-shaw'
from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad
person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did
wrong.
see HEBREW for 07561
רָשָׁע (ra.sah) — wicked.
1) wicked, criminal
1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)
1b) wicked (hostile to God)
1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
base
H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
3644 kmow kem-o'
or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used
separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)
as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),
thus, when, worth.
see HEBREW for 03651
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.
adv
1) like, as, the like of which
conj
2) when, according as, as it were
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.
Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)
HR — PrepositionHR
עֵ֫שֶׂב (‘eseb) refers to herbs, grass, or any tender green plants. The word is derived from a root meaning to glisten or be green. It encompasses vegetation in general, and its Aramaic equivalent is עֲשַׂב (‘asav), which also means grass.
עֵ֫שֶׂב n.m. herb, herbage
base
H6212 עֵ֫שֶׂב herb, herbage
6212 `eseb eh'seb
from an unused root meaning to glisten (or be green); grass
(or any tender shoot):--grass, herb.
עֵ֫שֶׂב (e.sev) — vegetation.
herb, herbage, grass, green plants
Aramaic equivalent: a.sav (עֲשַׂב "grass" H6211B)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
צוּץ (tsuwts) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to blooming and shining. It can refer to blossoming or flourishing in a physical sense, as well as to gazing or glancing in a more figurative context. The entries indicate that it can be used in both the Qal and Hiphil forms, with specific references to shining and peeping, including a mention in Canticles 2:9.
[צוּץ, צִיץ] vb. 1. blossom. 2. shine, sparkle
Qal
flourish.
shine, gleam
Hiph. it put forth blossoms
base
[צוּץ] vb. Hiph. gaze, peep;—Ct 2:9
ref
H6692a צוּץ, צִיץ . blossom
. shine
H6692b צוּץ Hiph. gaze, peep
6692 tsuwts tsoots
a primitive root; to twinkle, i.e. glance; by analogy, to
blossom (figuratively, flourish):--bloom, blossom, flourish,
shew self.
צוּץ (tsuts) — to blossom.
1) to blossom, shine, sparkle
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to flourish
1a2) to shine, gleam
1b) (Hiphil) to blossom, put forth blossoms, produce blossoms
צוּץ (tsuts) — to gaze.
(Hiphil) to gaze, peep, glance, make the eyes sparkle
Hc/Vhw3mp — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vhw3mp
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
פָּעַל (pa'al) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, often used in a systematic or habitual sense. It encompasses actions like committing, ordaining, and working, with a poetic nuance compared to the more common verb for 'to do' (עָשָׂה). The entries consistently highlight its usage in the Qal stem, emphasizing its foundational role in expressing action.
פָּעַל 67 vb. do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה)
Qal
do
make
base
H6466 פָּעַל do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה)
6466 pa`al paw-al'
a primitive root; to do or make (systematically and
habitually), especially to practise:--commit, (evil-)
do(-er), make(-r), ordain, work(-er).
פָּעַל (pa.al) — to work.
1) to do, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do
1a2) to make
HVqrmpc — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
אָ֫וֶן (aven) encompasses meanings related to trouble, sorrow, and wickedness. It may also refer to idolatry and the concept of vanity or nothingness. The entries suggest a range of negative connotations, including affliction and iniquity, indicating a strong moral or ethical dimension. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
אָ֫וֶן 85 n.m. trouble, sorrow, wickedness
trouble, sorrow
idolatry
trouble of iniquity, wickedness
base
H205 אָ֫וֶן trouble, sorrow, wickedness
205 'aven aw-ven'
from an unused root perhaps meaning properly, to pant (hence,
to exert oneself, usually in vain; to come to naught);
strictly nothingness; also trouble. vanity, wickedness;
specifically an idol:--affliction, evil, false, idol,
iniquity, mischief, mourners(-ing), naught, sorrow, unjust,
unrighteous, vain ,vanity, wicked(-ness). Compare 369.
see HEBREW for 0369
אָ֫וֶן (a.ven) — evil: wickedness.
1) trouble, wickedness, sorrow
1a) trouble, sorrow
1b) idolatry
1c) trouble of iniquity, wickedness
Also means: a.ven (אָ֫וֶן ": trouble" H0205H)
אָ֫וֶן (a.ven) — evil: trouble.
1) trouble, wickedness, sorrow
1a) trouble, sorrow
1b) idolatry
1c) trouble of iniquity, wickedness
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
wik'-ed-nes:
1. In the Old Testament:
The state of being wicked; a mental disregard for justice, righteousness, truth, honor, virtue; evil in thought and life; depravity; sinfulness; criminality. See SIN. Many words are rendered "wickedness." There are many synonyms for wickedness in English and also in the Hebrew. Pride and vanity lead to it: "All the proud, and all that work wickedness (rish`ah) shall be stubble" (Mal 4:1). Akin to this is the word `awen, "iniquity," "vanity": "She eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness" (Pr 30:20). Then we have the word hawwah, meaning "mischief," "calamity," coming from inward intent upon evil: "Lo, this is the man that made not God his strength, but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in…
שָׁמַד (shamad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to destroy or exterminate. It has forms in both the Niph'al, indicating being destroyed, and the Hiph'il, indicating the act of destroying. The entries emphasize its use in contexts of annihilation and devastation, with a focus on complete destruction.
[שָׁמַד] 90 vb. Niph. be exterminated, destroyed
Hiph. 69
annihilate, exterminate
destroy
base
H8045 [שָׁמַד] Niph. be exterminated, destroyed
8045 shamad shaw-mad'
a primitive root; to desolate:--destory(- uction), bring to
nought, overthrow, perish, pluck down, X utterly.
שָׁמַד (sha.mad) — to destroy.
1) to destroy, exterminate, be destroyed, be exterminated
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to be annihilated, be exterminated
1a2) to be destroyed, be devastated
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to annihilate, exterminate
1b2) to destroy
Aramaic equivalent: she.mad (שְׁמַד "to destroy" H8046)
HR/VNcc/Sp3mp — Preposition · verb niphal infinitive construct common · suffixHR/VNcc/Sp3mp
עַד, transliterated as ad, refers to the concept of perpetuity, encompassing both past and future time. It signifies a duration that can imply eternity or continuous existence. The term is associated with ancient mountains in the context of the past and is used to denote the idea of forever in relation to the future, particularly in reference to God's existence.
עַד and וָעֶ֑ד (so alw.) n.m. perpetuity (= advancing time)
of past time: ancient mountains
of future time, לָעַד for ever
base
H5703 עַד, וָעֶ֑ד perpetuity . of past time: ancient mountains
. of future time, לָעַד for ever
5703 `ad ad
from 5710; properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e. (by
implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity
(substantially as a noun, either with or without a
preposition):--eternity, ever(- lasting, -more), old,
perpetually, + world without end.
see HEBREW for 05710
עַד (ad) — perpetuity.
1) perpetuity, for ever, continuing future
1a) ancient (of past time)
1b) for ever (of future time)
1b1) of continuous existence
1c) for ever (of God's existence)
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa