Psalms 23
AOSNPsalms 23:1-28:9
These psalms develop the importance of:
God's care as a shepherd (Psalms 23:1; 28:9),
God's guidance (Psalms 23:2–3; 25:5; 27:11),
God's goodness (Psalms 23:6; 25:7–8; 27:13), and
living in his house (Psalms 23:6; 26:8; 27:4, 8).
Psalms 23:1-6
This psalm, which expresses trust and confidence in the Lord, has been a favorite of God's people for generations. It assures us of God's presence during difficult times. It brings to mind images of the Good Shepherd (Psalm 23:1–3; see Ezekiel 34:12; John 10:11) and the messianic banquet (Psalm 23:5–6; see Isaiah 25:6; Revelation 19:9).
Psalms 23:1-3
People in the ancient Near East commonly viewed their rulers as shepherds.
Psalms 23:1
The Lord promises to care for his children (Psalm 34:9–10; Isaiah 51:14). He showed this ability to Israel in the wilderness (Deuteronomy 2:7) and in the promised land (Deuteronomy 8:9).
Psalms 23:2
Sheep rest after they have eaten enough (Zephaniah 3:13; see Isaiah 11:7; compare Isaiah 13:20; 27:10).
The Lord guides the sheep for their benefit (see Psalm 5:8).
Sheep drink only from still water, so the shepherd finds peaceful streams for them.
Psalms 23:3
Compare Psalm 19:7; The Law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul.
The Lord guides by:
rescuing his people from evil (Psalm 23:4–5; see 31:3),
bringing them back to himself (Psalms 5:8; 61:2),
caring for his people (Psalms 48:14; 139:10),
ruling his people (Psalm 67:4),
counseling his people (Psalm 73:24),
protecting his people (Psalms 78:53; 107:30; 143:11), and
instructing them in wisdom (Psalm 27:11; see Proverbs 4:11).
The Lord’s name guarantees the relationship. He protects his reputation against any claims of abandoning his people or allowing them to sin (see Psalms 25:11; 31:3; 106:8; 143:11).
Psalms 23:4
The shepherd used his rod and staff to protect against danger.
Psalms 23:5
A feast shows the Lord’s care and mercy for his people (see Psalm 22:26, 29). Enemies may watch, but they cannot disturb the guests.
The ritual of anointing the head with oil honored guests (Psalm 92:9–11), and provided hospitality and refreshment (104:15; 133:2).
Psalms 23:6
The Lord shows his unfailing love through his presence and the unique benefits he provides (Psalms 69:16; 86:17; 109:21; see 18:6; 61:4). He gives care that surpasses the temporary challenges from enemies (Psalm 7:1).
Aquifer Open Study Notes © 2026 Mission Mutual, an adaptation of the Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.