Ezekiel 45

Ch. Ezekiel 45:1-17. The portions of land assigned for maintenance to the priests, levites and prince respectively; with the dues which the people shall pay the prince, in return for which he shall provide the ritual (1) Ezekiel 45:1-8. The oblation (terumah) of land for maintenance of priests, Levites and prince, and for the city. (2) Ezekiel 45:9-12. Regulations as to just standards of weight, measure and coinage. (3) Ezekiel 45:13-17. Dues to be paid the prince in respect of his being at the charge of providing the materials of ritual. In the centre of the country a portion of land shall be measured oft 25,000 long and 20,000 broad. The measure is no doubt cubits, not reeds, though this is stated only in regard to the free place around the sanctuary (Ezekiel 45:2). Length is the measure E. to W., and breadth that from N. to S. This region is to be divided into two parallel strips E. to W., one of 25,000 long and 10,000 broad, which shall be for the priests (Ezekiel 45:4), and another N. of this, of the same length and breadth, which shall be for the Levites (Ezekiel 45:5). Parallel to this on the S. side of the priests’ domain, of the same length (25,000) with it and 5000 broad, there shall be a portion of land for the possession of the city. In the midst of it the city shall be situated (Ezekiel 45:6).

These three portions thus form a square of 25,000. Finally the land from the E. side of this square to the Jordan, and from the W. side of it to the sea shall be for a possession to the prince (Ezekiel 45:7-8).

Ezekiel 45:1

1. divide by lot] So the phrase originally signified, but probably it came to mean merely “divide” or assign portions to. Ezek. definitely fixes the positions of the tribes, and each tribe appears to have the same extent of territory assigned to it. offer an oblation] Cf. Ezekiel 44:30. holy portion of the land] i.e. out of, or from the land. breadth … ten thousand] Grammar as well as context seems to require twenty thousand, cf. Ezekiel 45:3; Ezekiel 45:5, Ezekiel 48:10; Ezekiel 48:18. In Ezekiel 45:3 this “measure” is divided into two portions each 10,000 broad. So LXX. For reeds, no doubt, cubits.

Ezekiel 45:2

2. In this sacred territory, more particularly, in the half of it assigned to the priests (Ezekiel 45:3-4), shall the sanctuary be situated, a square of 500, surrounded by a free space of 50 cubits on all sides. The 500 are certainly cubits, cf. Ezekiel 42:20. the suburbs thereof] What the “suburbs” are appears from Numbers 35:4; it is an open space around the walls of an enclosure, a city or building, held to belong to the building or city, but not occupied by it. It is the liberties of a city or the precincts of an edifice, Ezekiel 48:15; Ezekiel 48:17.

Ezekiel 45:3

3. The portion of the sacred land assigned to the priests shall consist of a tract 25,000 long by 10,000 broad. sanctuary and the most holy] sanctuary, (even) the most holy thing. The whole area of land is holy, the sanctuary most holy.

Ezekiel 45:4

4. Read: An holy portion of the land is it, it shall be for, &c. holy place for the sanctuary] Lit. a sanctuary for the sanctuary. The use of “sanctuary” in the sense of sacred territory can hardly be supported by evidence, though the idea of a sacred territory around a sacred house or locality is a common one in the East. LXX. reads: a place for houses set apart for their sanctity, i.e. possibly: houses set apart for them (the priests), they being holy. No satisfactory emendation has been proposed.

Ezekiel 45:5

5. Read: and five …, and ten … shall the Levites have. (The Keri is unnecessary). for twenty chambers] Probably with LXX.: for cities to dwell in. Cf. same words Numbers 35:2; Joshua 14:4. In Ezekiel 45:6 Jerusalem, with its suburbs, is assigned a tract of land only half of this given to the Levites.

Ezekiel 45:6

6. The city possesses a strip of land 5000 cubits broad and 25,000 long, running parallel to the portion of the priests, cf. Ezekiel 48:15. The city shall stand in the midst of this tract, which it entirely covers N. to S., cf. Ezekiel 48:16-17.

Ezekiel 45:7

7. The domain of the prince. A portion of land shall fall to the prince equal in breadth (N. to S.) to the whole square assigned to the priests, Levites and city (viz. 25,000), and extending on both sides of this square to the borders of the country, to the Jordan on the E., and the sea on the W. and the length … portions] and in length answerable to one of the portions, as R.V. The “portions” here are the tracts of land assigned to the tribes respectively (ch. 48). These stretched across the country from the Jordan to the sea. The portion of the prince in like manner stretches across the whole country, only it is interrupted in the middle by the 25,000 square tract assigned to priests, Levites and city. Cf. Ezekiel 48:21.

Ezekiel 45:8

8. In the land … possession] In the land it shall be to him for a possession, lit. in respect of the land. Others: for a domain it shall be …, for a possession. The art. must then be omitted, and the use of “land” in this sense is unnatural. my princes] The language my is unusual. In Ezekiel 45:9, “princes of Israel,” and so LXX. here. It is possible that Israel was represented in MS. merely by the initial letter, which is the same as the last letter of “princes” (cons.), and that one of the letters fell out. the rest of the land] Read: oppress my people, but shall give the land to the house. On the oppressions of the princes, cf. Ezekiel 22:25; Jeremiah 22:17.

Ezekiel 45:9-17

9–17. The dues to be given the prince, and his obligations to provide the materials for the ritual. Ezekiel 45:9 seq. The former unjust and irregular exactions of the princes shall cease. These exactions had not only been oppressive in their nature, but unjust and arbitrary from want of a fixed standard in weights, measures and currency.

Ezekiel 45:10

10. Cf. Leviticus 19:35-36; Deuteronomy 25:13-15; Micah 6:10-11 (the accursed scanty ephah); Proverbs 11:1; Proverbs 16:11; Proverbs 20:10. From this it appears that the words of Amo 8:5 “making the ephah small and the shekel large” are more than a figure.

Ezekiel 45:11

11. The homer is assumed as the standard both for liquid and dry measures. The ephah was a tenth of the homer, dry measure; and the bath a tenth of the homer, liquid measure, Isaiah 5:10.

Ezekiel 45:12

12. Cf. Exodus 30:13; Leviticus 27:25; Numbers 3:47; Numbers 18:16. The verse at present is without meaning. Read after LXX. (cod. Alex.): and the shekel shall be twenty gerahs; five (shekels) shall be five, and ten shekels ten, and fifty shekels shall be your maneh (mina). The text is grammatically suspicious, and the way in which “fifteen” is supposed to be expressed, viz. “ten and five” is without parallel. The statement that “five shekels shall be five,” &c., does not imply that there were five and ten shekel pieces, but means that just weighing of money shall prevail, and five go for five, no more and no less. The passage has been fully discussed by Bertheau (Zur Gesch. der Israeliten, pp. 8–14), whose table of money weights may be given (p. 14): Talent 1 Maneh 60 1 Shekel 3,000 50 1 Beka 6,000 100 2 1 Gera 60,000 1,000 20 10

Cf. Exodus 38:25; Leviticus 27:3; Leviticus 27:6; Joshua 7:21; 1 Kings 10:17; Ezra 2:69; Nehemiah 7:71.

Ezekiel 45:13

13. oblation … offer] The people are addressed. The due which they shall pay the prince is one sixtieth in grain. For, of an homer, rather: out of an homer.

Ezekiel 45:14

14. The cor was another name for the homer, 1 Kings 5:2; 2 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 27:5. which is a homer … baths] ten baths are an homer. The words are wanting in LXX. The due in oil was one-hundredth part.

Ezekiel 45:15

15. The due out of the flock was one in two hundred. the fat pastures] lit. the watered land of Israel (Genesis 13:10). LXX. reads, out of all the families of Israel. These dues from the flock and from the soil were for purposes of sacrifice and offering (Ezekiel 45:17).

Ezekiel 45:16

16. A.V. margins on this verse ought to be deleted. The words “all the people of the land” are anomalous grammatically; LXX. omits “of the land.”

Ezekiel 45:17

17. In return for these dues paid him by the people the prince shall be charged with providing the sacrifices for public worship. he shall prepare] provide.The “feasts” were the three great festivals, passover or unleavened bread (easter), the feast of weeks, or pentecost, and the feast of ingathering or tabernacles at the end of the vintage. Ezekiel, however, seems to give no place to pentecost. all solemnities] i.e. stated seasons. A reconciling or “atoning” efficacy appears attributed by the prophet to all the various kinds of sacrifices.

Ezekiel 45:18-46

Ch. Ezekiel 45:18 to Ezekiel 46:24. The offerings to be made at the feasts and other appointed seasons (1) Ezekiel 45:18-25. Offerings at the feasts. (2) Ezekiel 46:1-11. Offerings for the sabbaths and new moons. (3) Ezekiel 45:12. Voluntary offerings of the prince. (4) Ezekiel 45:13-15. The daily burnt-offering. (5) Ezekiel 45:16-18. Case of the prince alienating any part of his landed estate to his children or servants. (6) Ezekiel 45:19-24. Kitchens for boiling the offerings eaten by the priests, and those partaken of by the people.

Ezekiel 45:19

19. Ceremonial with the blood. The blood shall be put on the door-posts of the house (Ezekiel 41:21), on the four corners of the great “settle” of the altar (Ezekiel 43:20), and upon the door-posts of the gateway of the inner court—which gateway is not specified, probably that at which the victims were slaughtered. Gateway, however, might be used collectively.

Ezekiel 45:20

20. seventh day of the month] The text can hardly be so rendered. Probably: in the seventh month, on the new moon (i.e. the first day). LXX. fully: in the seventh month, on the first day of the month. An atonement was made for the sanctuary, purifying it from the defilements of the people, at the beginning of each half-year. No mention is made of burnt-offerings, but cf. Ezekiel 46:6-7. every one that erreth] i.e. not for any particular person had in view, but for the people on account of there being among them persons who have erred unwittingly or through simplicity, i.e. natural slowness which may not have apprehended the exact requirements of duty. Ezekiel is speaking of the people in their perfect condition, when, of course, only such mistakes will be committed as are due to inadvertence and the limitations to which the mind of man is subject. reconcile the house] make atonement for. Cf. Leviticus 16:6; Leviticus 16:18.

Ezekiel 45:21

21. The feasts. The passover on the fourteenth of the first month feast of seven days] So no doubt Heb. should be read, with the ancient versions. At present it reads: a feast of weeks of days. Ezekiel omits all ref. to the so-called feast of weeks, i.e. pentecost, seven weeks after the unleavened bread, when the sickle was put into the grain.

Ezekiel 45:22

22. prepare for himself] provide, Ezekiel 45:17.

Ezekiel 45:23

23. kid of the goats] a he goat. For prepare, provide, so Ezekiel 45:24.

Ezekiel 45:25

25. Feast of tabernacles on the fifteenth day of the seventh month. Render: in the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month, in the feast, shall he do the like, the seven days. The “feast” is that of tabernacles, the feast par excellence of the year, concluding the yearly round of festivals (Isaiah 29:1). For this feast the prince makes the same provision as for the feast of unleavened bread (Ezekiel 45:23).