Revelation 21
OGCRevelation 21:1-8
Strauss-’ Comments SECTION 69
Text Revelation 21:1-27
And I saw a new heaven, and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth are passed away; and the sea is no more. 2 And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, made ready as a bride adorned for her husband. 3 And I heard a great voice out of the throne saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he shall dwell with them, and they shall be his peoples, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God: 4 and he shall wipe away every tear from their eyes; and death shall be no more; neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain, any more: the first things are passed away. 5 And he that sitteth on the throne said, Behold I make all things new. And he saith, Write: for these words are faithful and true. 6 And he said unto me, they are come to pass. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is a thirst of the fountain of the water of life freely. 7 He that overcometh shall inherit these things; and I will be his God, and he shall be my Song of Solomon 8 But for the fearful, and unbelieving, and abominable, and murderers, and fornicators, and sorveres, and idolaters, and all liars, their part shall be in the lake that burneth with fire and brimstone; which is the second death.
9 And there came one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls, and were laden with the seven last plagues; and he spake with me, saying, Come hither, I will show thee the bride, the wife of the Lamb. 10 And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, 11 having the glory of God her light was like unto a stone most precious as it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal: 12 having a wall great and high; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels; and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel: 13 on the east were three gates; and on the north three gates; and on the south three gates; and on the west three gates. 14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. 15 And he that spake with me had for a measure a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof, and the wall thereof. 16 And the city lieth foursquare, and the length thereof is as great as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs: the length and the breadth and the height thereof are equal. 17 And he measured the wall thereof, a hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of an angel. 18 And the building of the wall thereof was jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto pure glass. 19 The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second sapphire; the third, chalcedony; the fourth, emerald; 20 the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth topaz; the tenth, chrysoprase; the eleventh, jacinth; the twelfth, amethyst. 21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; each one of the several gates was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass. 22 And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God the Almighty, and the Lamb, are the temple thereof. 23 And the city hath no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine upon it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof is the Lamb. 24 And the nations shall walk amidst the light thereof: and the kings of the earth bring their glory into it. 25 And the gates thereof shall in no wise be shut by day (for there shall be no night there): 26 and they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it: 27 and there shall in no wise enter into it anything unclean, or he that maketh an abomination and a lie: but only they that are written in the Lamb’s book of life.
Initial Questions Revelation 21:1-27
What did John see - Revelation 21:1?
What is the source of the new Jerusalem according to Revelation 21:2?
What does Revelation 21:3 tell us about God’s ultimate relationship to man?
Discuss the things that God will take away - Revelation 21:4? Is this a vital part of the Christian’s hope?
What is the source of newness in the universe - God or man - Revelation 21:5?
Read John 7:37 f, and then discuss the last part of Rev 21:6.
To whom does God promise Eternal Life according to Revelation 21:7?
Does Revelation 21:8 imply that there are going to be people that are lost?
What did the angel show John according to Revelation 21:10?
Why is there no Temple in the City of God - Revelation 21:22?
The Vision of the New Heaven and a New Earth
Chapter Revelation 21:1-8
After the overthrow of the last enemy of righteousness, Satan, we are provided with a vision of the heavenly city of God. Here we have vouched safe to us the eternal and glorified state of God’s elect. The language comes from the glorified imagery of Isa 65:17, etc. John’s basic source throughout The Revelation is the O.T. He uses the prophetic concepts of restoration as a new creation, a new Palestine, a new Jerusalem, a new Temple, and a new earth. But John is never describing a materialistic kingdom; he always has in view the Jerusalem above, our mother (Galatians 4:26). The persecuted Church is now the glorified bride of Christ! John has already received three basic visions: (1) The Seven Churches (Revelation 1:9 to Revelation 3:22); (2) Process of world judgment (Revelation 4:1 to Revelation 16:21). (3) Climax of Judgment Revelation 17:1-18. and now the last one (4) The Eternal City (Revelation 21:9 to Revelation 22:5). The obstinately sinful have all been cast into hell. Jerusalem the city of the great King is the symbol of the translated Church. The kingdom of God is complete.
I saw a new heaven and a new earth. All old things are gone. In the new earth dwell only new men in Christ. Wherefore if any man is in Christ, he is a new creature; the old things are passed away; behold they are become new. (2 Corinthians 5:17). Paul and John are in agreement about new creatures and the passing away of the old order.
The holy city, new Jerusalem was descending from its heavenly origin. Men did not design nor build this city whose foundations were not laid by human hands. We have heard the call to the marriage supper of the Lamb in Revelation 19:9. The new Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God, having been prepared as (hôs - like - a bride) a bride having been adorned for her husband. Jerusalem is compared to the bride of Christ in this verse (see Ephesians 5:32; Isaiah 54:1).
John had previously stated that the Word tabernacled among us (John 1:14) now, the tabernacle of God is with men. In the city where God dwells, there are the redeemed inhabitants, fellowship with God and man, security, peace, safety, and the beauty of paradise. Sin, death, and tears of pain are forever barred from the new Jerusalem.
God will wipe off every tear out of their eyes. Why? Because death, (penthos - means outwardly expressed grief) grief and pain are no longer threats to man. He and all creation has been redeemed and the first things are passed away.
God alone can make things new! The united nations, human legislation, disarmament conferences, International law, one-world government will all fail to bring about the desired end of a new world wherein dwelleth righteousness. This message is a hard blow to proud, humanistic, naturalistic man who believes that he is capable of building a better tomorrow through research, applied technology and subliminal research, etc.
God created the church of Jesus Christ to fulfill the ministry of reconciliation by proclaiming the word of reconciliation as ambassadors of Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17-21). (The unwanted wallsthe present author is presently preparing a volume, with this title, dealing with the problem of the nature of the Church and its implications for contemporary Ecumenical and Roman Catholic discussions about the unity of the Church). Paul’s Ephesian Epistle speaks of the constituency of the church, the construction of the Church, the purpose of the Church, the unity of the Church, and the practical implications of its God given unity. Mankind is divided as never before! The purpose of the Church is to unify mankind through the word and ministry of reconciliation. How effective have we been?
The great heavenly voice said to John It has occurred. What has occurred? The purpose of God has been fulfilled! The true and faithful words mentioned in Revelation 21:5 have now come to pass. Our Lord said he that hungereth and thirsteth after righteousness - shall be filled. In the city where there is no night, either physical or spiritual, the fountain of the water of life has been opened. God invited all inhabitants to partake.
Here we learn of God’s demand for victorious Christian living. Can a man once saved ever be lost? The exhortation found in this verse would have no relevance whatsoever if it is impossible for a Christian pilgrim to become lost in his journey to new Jerusalem. Who shall inherit all things according to John? The overcoming one (the one who continually overcomes) shall inherit these things, and I will be his God and he shall be my son.
What are some of the characteristics of those who shall not inherit sonship and citizenship in the heavenly city?The cowardly and unbelieving and having become foul, and murderers, and fornicators, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars shall be cast into hell. Paul tells the Churches of Galatians the same thing in Galatians 5:16-26. Paul says, that they who practice such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God (Revelation 21:21). These practices are in diametrical opposition to the spiritual conditions of the dwellers in the new Eden.
Discussion Questions
See Revelation 21:9-27.
Revelation 21:1-27
**Tomlinson’s Comments
CHAPTER XXI BEHOLD, I MAKE ALL THINGS NEW**
Text (Revelation 21:1-27)
**INTRODUCTION
1 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth are passed away; and the sea is no more. 2 And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, made ready as a bride adorned for her husband. 3 And I heard a great voice out of the throne saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he shall dwell with them, and they shall be his peoples, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God: 4 and he shall wipe away every tear from their eyes; and death shall be no more; neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain, any more: the first things are passed away. 5 And he that sitteth on the throne said, Behold, I make all things new. And he saith, Write: for these words are faithful and true. 6 And he said unto me, They are come to pass. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely. 7 He that overcometh shall inherit these things; and I will be his God, and he shall be my Son 8:1-14 But for the fearful, and unbelieving, and abominable, and murderers, and fornicators, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, their part shall be in the lake that burneth with fire and brimstone; which is the second death.
9 And there came one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls, who were laden with the seven last plagues; and he spake with me, saying, Come hither, I will show thee the bride, the wife of the Lamb. 10 And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, 11 having the glory of God: her light was like unto a stone most precious, as it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal: 12 having a wall great and high; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels; and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel: 13 on the east were three gates; and on the north three gates; and on the south three gates; and on the west three gates. 14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. 15 And he that spake with me had for a measure a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof, and wall thereof. 16 And the city lieth foursquare, and the length thereof is as great as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs: the length and the breadth and the height thereof are equal. 17 And he measured the wall thereof, a hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of an angel. 18 And the building of the wall thereof was jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto pure glass. 19 The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, chalcedony; the fourth, emerald; 20 the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, topaz; the tenth, chrysoprase; the eleventh, jacinth; the twelfth, amethyst. 21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; each one of the several gates was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass. 22 And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God the Almighty, and the Lamb, are the temple thereof. 23 And the city hath no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine upon it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof is the Lamb. 24 And the nations shall walk amidst the light thereof: and the kings of the earth bring their glory into it. 25 And the gates thereof shall in no wise be shut by day (for there shall be no night there): 26 and they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it: 27 and there shall in no wise enter into it anything unclean, or he that maketh a abomination and a lie: but only they that are written in the Lamb’s book of life.**
In the preceding chapter we beheld the final judgment of the dead, both small and great. In this present Chapter we are to behold that all things are made new, We Read:
Revelation 21:1 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth are passed away.
This passing away was first observed in the last Chapter we read:
And I saw a great white throne, and Him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them. (Revelation 20:11)
Peter prophesied this cataclysmic change when he said:
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up. (2 Peter 3:10)
He goes on to say, All these things shall be dissolved. All this seems to indicate a great change, not necessarily annihilation. When we come to think of it, nothing is really destroyed in the sense of ceasing to exist. Water brought to the boiling point turns into steam. It changes its form but does not pass out of existence. Wood burns and seems to be annihilated, but it has not ceased to exist. It has only been changed. It is turned into gas, which burning is transformed into energy.
Christ in His resurrected body had not ceased to exist. Mark said, He appeared in another form. (Mark 16:12)
The same word regeneration is used here as was used to describe the changed condition of the man who has put off the old man and put on the new in the new birth.
In 2 Peter 3:11, Peter said, All things shall be dissolved. This indicates a deliverance rather than a destruction. It is the same word used by Christ when He said of the colt: Loose him, and, again, it is the same word employed by Christ at the tomb of Lazarus: Loose him, and let him go.
This harmonizes with the scriptural teaching that the present world is in a state of captivity, or tied down, Not willingly, but by reason of Him who hath subjected the same in hope. (Romans 8:20)
Creation and the recreated shall be delivered from bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. (Romans 8:21)
Tremendous change in the whole physical set up of the earth and heaven is everywhere indicated, but not cessation of existence or annihilation. Evidently the earth is to undergo a renovation, a purification, a renewal to make it a fit place for the redeemed. The old earth was sadly out of joint. Therefore, old things are to be supplanted by new things. And there was no more sea. Seas have always been barriers between peoples and nations. This condition has ceased to exist.
Revelation 21:2 And I John saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride for her husband.
Since this city is called the bride of Christ later in this Chapter, and since the Church is also called the bride of Christ in the New Testament, we logically conclude that this city is the glorified heavenly Church, prepared as a bride for the bridegroom. And the next voice that John hears is out of heaven:
Revelation 21:3 And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself shall be with them, and be their God.
This restores the condition which obtained in the Garden of Eden when sinless man had immediate fellowship and companionship with God. After man’s fall, God withdrew Himself and made His presence known in the Shekinah glory of the tabernacle and temple. There He dwelt between the Cherubim. In the future state He will make His tabernacle and dwell in companionship with the redeemed. And now John describes the blessedness of this companionship with God.
Revelation 21:4 And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes, and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.
Someone has said that human hands are poor at drying tears. This because we can never completely and permanently dry the tears of sorrow. Only the hand of Him who made us can wipe away all tears by removing us from the cause of weeping. And there shall be no more death. The last enemy of our souls will have been destroyed, by Him who was able to destroy him who had power over death. Death, then will have been swallowed up in victory.
Neither shall there be any more sorrow, nor crying. Isaiah also spoke of this new heaven and this new earth and said: And the voice of weeping shall be no more heard. (Isaiah 65:19)
Neither shall there be any more pain. Pain is a part and portion of this life of sin, although some try to delude themselves into thinking there is no pain here. There, with sin, and its penalty-death-removed, pain will be unknown. The former thingssin, pain, sorrow, deathwill have passed away.
Revelation 21:5 And He that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things new. How could it be otherwise when there is a new heaven and a new earth and a new Jerusalem!
And He said unto me, Write: for these words are true and faithful.
This is the third instance in the Book of Revelation, after the letters to the seven churches in Chapter s Two and Three, that John is commanded to write. The other two instances are Revelation 14:13 and Revelation 19:9. And both of these two former occurrences a matter of great import is under consideration. The first of the two is a pronouncement of blessedness pronounced upon the dead who keep His commandments and die in the Lord, the second refers to the blessedness of those who are called to the wedding feast of the Lamb.
This third instance of the word write is to call our attention to the wondrous words that follow describing the eternal City of God.
Revelation 21:6 And He said unto me, It is done. All the details of the divine plan have been filled in. There is nothing left to be done. It is finished!
I am Alpha and Omega. These words add force to his words These words are faithful and true. They declare also that all things begin with GodHe is the originating source and cause of all things. Also they proclaim that He is closing the drama of human history: These words show that Christ is the speaker here. I will give to him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely.
The fountain of the water of life is now available. Here is fulfilled the inspired prophecy of Isaiah, Ho, everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters; and he that hath no money; come ye buy, and eat; yea come buy wine and milk without money and without price. (Isaiah 55:1).
The words point forward to the copious river flowing from the everlasting sourcethe throne of God and of the Lamb as described in (Revelation 22:1).
Revelation 21:7 He that overcometh shall inherit all things: and I will be his God and he shall be my son.
This is the first time, after the second of the seven letters to the seven churches, that we meet with the promise given to him who overcomes, This is the consummation of Paul’s declaration:
All things are yours, whether Paul, or Apollos, or Cephas, or the world of life, or death, or things present, or things to come; All are yours; and ye are Christ’s and Christ is God’S. (1 Corinthians 3:21-23).
Now by way of contrast Christ presents the awful doom of the lost.
Revelation 21:8 But the fearful, and unbelieving and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone; which is the second death.
Since there is no resurrection from the second death, these described in verse eight can never enter nor disturb the peace of the New Jerusalem. As the blackness of the storm cloud brings out the rainbow in sharp contrast, so these of the second death furnish a sharp contrasting backdrop to the glory of the redeemed.
Revelation 21:9 And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, come hither, I will show you the bride, the Lamb’s wife.
These words are familiar to us. You will remember that one of the seven angels which had the seven last plagues called John’s attention to Babylon, the harlot and Apostate Church which was also called a woman and a city and claimed to be no widow, but a bride.
And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me saying unto me, come hither; I will show unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters. (Revelation 17:1).
This referred to the Roman Church, the apostate, Babylonish Church. The angel of Chapter Nineteen calls John’s attention to the true church, the Lamb’s bride. This vision is thus linked with the one in which John was carried away in the spirit into the wilderness that he might behold the judgment of Babylon. No one can fail to notice the parallelism of the two visions, each of a woman and a city.
Revelation 21:10 And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and showed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God.
To behold this celestial city John was again carried away in the spirit. He was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day to behold the vision of the seven churches. (Revelation 1:10.) He was in the spirit to behold the vision of the throne set in heaven. (Revelation 4:2). And here he is in the spirit to behold the Holy City.
What a vision burst upon his eyes! John could only get a clear view of it by being spiritually transported to the top of a great and high mountain. Revelation 21:11. Having the glory of God: and her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasperstone, clear as crystal. It is perfectly transparent. This recalls the appearance of Him who sat upon the throne. Revelation 21:12 And had a wall great and high.
Revelation 21:18 informs us that these walls were made of Jasper. Since this is a book of symbols, this speaks of the utter security of the happy inhabitants who live therein!
Isaiah in his vision of this city said: But thou shall call thy walls salvation, and thy gates, praise. (Isaiah 60:18)
And had twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of Israel.
There were as many gates as there were tribes of Israel and had on the twelve gates the names of the twelve tribes. Doubtless, these were typical of the true Israel of God, according to the spirit and not the flesh. (Galatians 6:15-16). And at the twelve gates were twelve angels as gate-keepers to guard the holy city.
Judging by Ezekiel’s description of the new city, then the names on the gates were as follows:
On the three gates northward, Reuben, Judah and Levi; on the three gates eastward, Joseph, Benjamin and Dan; on the three gates southward, Simeon, Issachar and Zebulon; on the three gates westward, God, Asher and Napthali. (Ezekiel 48:31-34).
Revelation 21:14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
How fitting, since the twelve apostles are the foundations of the church with Jesus Christ as the chief cornerstone!
Revelation 21:15 And he that talked with me had a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof and the wall thereof.
The reed is the divine standard of measurement and the city conforms to the divine standard. We found in the eleventh Chapter, the first verse, that the Church was also measured with a reed. It seems that both the earthly and heavenly institutions must conform to the divine standard.
Revelation 21:16 And the city lieth foursquare, and the length is as large as the breadth. And he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs: the length, and the breadth, and the height of it are equal, The city was a cube, picturing perfection.
The city is regular and symmetrical and its dimensions vast. He indicates the city is twelve thousand furlongs long, twelve thousand furlongs wide and twelve thousand furlongs high. A furlong is one-eighth of a mile, therefore, twelve thousand furlongs would be fifteen hundred miles. That would mean the city was fifteen hundred miles long, wide and high. Whether these measurements are intended to reveal the exact size of the Holy City, or are but symbols in this Book of Symbolism, extreme vastness of the size of the New Jerusalem is portrayed.
Revelation 21:17 And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty and four cubets, according to the measure of a man, that is of the angel.
Again we meet with the number twelve, this time squared.
Revelation 21:18 And the building of the wall of it was of jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto clear glass.
And the foundations of the walls of the City were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald; The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topas; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst. This city well may be made literally of such precious stones. Again this is a book of majestic symbols and these precious stones may be symbols used to convey to our finite minds the wondrous beauty of that City. The costliest gems known to man are named in order to give us, at least a dim idea and conception of the glory of the Eternal City. One cannot read these preceding verses without being struck by the oftrecurrence of the favorite Hebrew numbertwelve. By counting twelve occurrences of that number are discoverable.
In Revelation 21:12, we have twelve gates, twelve angels and twelve tribes, making three occurrences of the number twelve.
In Revelation 21:14, we find twelve foundations and twelve apostles, making two occurrences of this number twelve.
In Revelation 21:16, the length, breadth and height of the city are twelve thousand furlongs each, making three more occurrences of the number twelve.
In Revelation 21:17, the wall of the city Isaiah 144 furlongs, a multiple of twelve, making one occurrence.
In Revelation 21:19-20, there are twelve foundations described, making one occurrence.
In Revelation 21:21, twelve gates and twelve pearls are mentioned, making two more occurrences of the number twelve.
This makes twelve occurrences in all. And the number twelve is closely associated with the Israel of God of both the Old and New Testaments. There were twelve tribes in the Old Testament Israel of God, and twelve apostles in the New Testament Israel of God.
The former twelve are associated with the gates of the Holy City and the latter twelve are associated with the foundations.
Revelation 21:21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; every several gate was of one pearl.
How significant that the gatesthe means of entrance into the Holy Citywere all made of pearl! One of the most precious and beautiful gems in all the world is the pearl. Other gems are produced by chemical action, heat and pressure in inanimate nature, but pearls come from animate life. The finest specimens command almost fabulous prices. The origin of the pearl found within the shell of the pearl oyster was, to the ancients, a matter of deepest mystery, but today we understand it. We have learned that the pearl comes from irritation caused by some foreign substance, like a piece of sand, getting within the shell of the oyster, and results from the wonderful and mysterious power of the mollusk to obtain relief from things that irritate it by covering them with a secretion of pearl, until there is no longer any irritation. What a beautiful symbolism and lesson here for the annoyances, irritations, and things that hurt and disturb usto make pearls out of them instead of allowing them to go on hurting and vexing us! And what a revelation is here that the entrance into the Celestial City is by the way of gate of pearl! Only those who are overcomers, who have transformed their irritations, vexations, and trials into a pearl are able to enter that fair city. Christ is the pearl of great price because he conquered as none other overcame and declared Himself to be the door by which we must enter. He is the way the truth and the life and no man cometh unto the Father but by Him. Therefore, we come into the Holy City, where God makes His dwelling place, by a gate of pearl. While there is but one door of entrance, so there is but one foundation and Christ is both the door and the foundation. But in this book which is written in divine sign-language the one door, or gate is represented as twelve gates, and the one foundation as twelve foundations. Earlier in this book of symbolism, and for the same reason, the one Spirit is represented as seven Spirits. Completing the twenty-first verse, we read: And the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass. Now we know that gold is not transparent, but what is here stressed is the absolute purity of gold. Also transparency is a symbol of purity. Nothing could enter, nor walk upon the gold-paved streets of the Holy City that is impure.
Revelation 21:22 And I saw no temple therein; for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it.
John seemed deeply impressed by this fact. He had been accustomed to considering the glory of the earthly City of Jerusalem to be its magnificent temple. But one of the sublimest peculiarities of the Holy City was its lack of a temple. A great and precious thought is contained herein. God is here revealed as bringing His saints into a closer relationship to Him than that of dwelling in a temple, however glorious, to worship Him therein. In that eternal city we are to be brought into a perfect union with the Father Himself. This recalls the Lord’s own prayer:
That they may be one, even as we are one: I in them, and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one. (John 17:22-23).
When we remember that this city is the Bride, the Lamb’s wife, a bride adorned for her husband (Revelation 21:1), then why there could be no distinct and separate temple. God and Christ and the saints are one. There is no need for an outward temple to commune with God, or to have fellowship with the Lamb. The worship there is immediate and direct. Revelation 21:23. And the city had no need of the sun, neither the moon, to shine in it, for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.
As there was no need of a separate temple in which to worship, neither was there any need of some system of illumination. Evidently with the creating of a new heaven and a new earth, the starry sky and its pale moon passed away. They were physical systems of ministering to material organs of perception. How well did Isaiah write, the moon shall be ashamed and confoundedashamed because of the infinitely more glorious shining of the light of God and of the Lamb, in whom there is no darkness at all.
Revelation 21:24 And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it: and the kings of the earth do bring their glory and honor into it.
The redeemed of all nations shall walk in the light of that brilliant city. For the first time in all ages there will be truly Christian nations living and walking in the ineffable light of God. The kings of the earth are said to bring their glory and honor into it because the kings then will be Christ and his glorified saints, since we are to be Kings and Priests unto God. We are not to understand by the word Bring that these nations mentioned are without the City, but rather within and are being illuminated by its light. At that time all nations are either in the New Jerusalem or in the lake of fire that burneth with brimstone. Symbolically, they bring their glory and honor into it, laying it at the feet of the Lamb.
Revelation 21:25 And the gates of the city shall not be shut at all by day; for there shall be no night there.
This is an emphatic way of saying that the gates will never be closed. Why should they be? Nothing that would defile can enter that Holy City.
Revelation 21:26 And they shall bring the glory and honor of the nations into it.
All nations as one man, shall bring all their reverence and devotion. Since this verse is almost identical with the latter part of the twenty-fourth verse, it would seem this repetition is made in order to emphasize an experience never known before in all history of man, in that all men shall be fully and completely devoted to God and the Lamb.
Revelation 21:27 And there shall in no wise enter into anything that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie, but they which are written in the Lamb’s book of Life.
Since the devil, the Father of all lies, the originator of all that defiles and is abominable, has been cast into the lake of fire, there can be only holiness and righteousness within this Holy City. Did Jeremiah have such a thought in mind when he, describing the City beautiful, said, And the name of the city from that day shall be, THE LORD IS THERE? God is righteousness and where God is there can be nothing that is unclean.
Only those may enter this city whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life. This is the seventh time this book has been mentioned in the scriptures. The other references are: Psalms 69:29; Daniel 12:1; Philippians 4:3; Revelations Revelation 3:5; Revelation 13:8; Revelation 20:12.
Not to be enrolled in the Lamb’s book of life means utter loss; to have our name written therein bestows upon us all that the infinite wealth of God can give.
Revelation 21:9-27
Strauss-’ Comments The Vision of the New Jerusalem
Chapter Revelation 21:9-27
The heavenly messenger who bore the seven bowls of anger appeared again. John was invited to see the bride, the wife of the Lamb. Keep in mind that John saw the new Jerusalem coming downas a bride having been adorned for her husband. Now, John is commanded to Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.
This verse through Revelation 22:5 gives us the description of the city.
What did the angel show John on the great and high mountain? Here we have a clear identification of the Church of Jesus Christ as being object of the imagery of New Jerusalem (also the bride). New Jerusalem is no utopia where men live in peace which they have created by intelligent planning, and rational discussion; it is rather the body of Christ His triumphant Church. (See Revelation 17:7 where John speaks of his vision of the great harlot city).
The city of the redeemer has a permanent quality which all mortal cities lack. Having (permanent possession) the glory (this is the very presence of the living God - Exodus 40:34) of God; the light of it was like. jasper. The jasper was the last stone on the breastplate of the High Priest. It was used in the walls of New Jerusalem Revelation 21:8; and also the foundation of the city where new men dwell.
The following block of scripture, in which we find the figurative description of the house of the holy, is largely self-interpreting. All of the things which men value are used in the construction of the city. (See Ezekiel 48:31 ff.) The number twelve appears repeatedly throughout this section. It was probably a symbol of perfection. The measurements given are unfamiliar to most of us. Revelation 21:16 mentions 12,000 furlongs. This distance would be approximately 1238 miles. Revelation 21:17 speaks of 44 cubits. Originally a cubit was represented by the distance between the elbow and the tip of the middle finger (approximately 18 inches).
Only the ones having been written in the Lamb’s scroll of life shall inhabit the holy city. We shall provide a skeleton outline of the chapter.
I.
The Description of the Spiritual Conditions which exists in the City Revelation 21:2-8.
From God, not man; Revelation 21:2.
Tabernacle of God among men, Revelation 21:3.
No Pain nor sorrow, Revelation 21:4.
New Revelation 2:5.
Eternal Life, Revelation 2:6.
For those who are more than conquerors, Revelation 2:7-8.
II.
Physical Description of the City, Revelation 21:9 to Revelation 22:5.
The Bride, the wife of the Lamb, Revelation 22:5.
Perfect Cube of 1500 miles, Revelation 22:16-17.
12 Gates represents 12 tribes of Israel, Revelation 22:12-13.
12 Foundations, 12 Apostles, Revelation 22:14.
No physical Temple, Revelation 21:22.
Glory of God lights the city, Revelation 21:23; Revelation 22:5.
III.
The Unique Marks of Identification of the City.
The City of God, place where the saved dwell.
The Body of Christ.
Discussion Questions
Chapter 21
What is the origin of the holy city according to Revelation 21:2?
What other N.T. book uses the metaphor of the church as the bride - see Revelation 21:2?
Discuss the relationship of human efforts to create a better world and the fact that only God can make things new - Revelation 21:5.
What does Revelation 21:7 say for or against the denominational doctrine of once in grace always in grace?
Are the bride and the new Jerusalem the same - Revelation 21:9?
What other city did John see in a vision - Revelation 21:10?
Discuss the physical imagery John used to describe the spiritual city of God in chap. 21.
What hope would chp. 21 have given the persecuted Church in the 1st century? What hope does it give us today?
**Special Study
Jerusalem in History and Imagery**
Jeremiah cried outIs it nothing to you all ye who pass by (Lamentations 1:12) as he observed the city of Jerusalem in ruin. The greatest events in human history have occurred in that city.
The twentieth century man’s eyes are filled full of slain cities. The city of Jerusalem has been slain often. God chose to erect the throne of His kingdom outside the walls of that city. Jerusalem (in fact all of Palestine) is strategically (geographical) located - (see F. M. Abel, Geographie de la Palestine, 2 volumes, Paris, Libraire Lecoffre, and his Historie de la Palestine depuis la conquête d-‘alexandre jusqua -l-’envasion Arabe, 2 vols, Paris, 1952. The religious significance of Salem of the Jebusites is of the utmost importance in biblical history. The Archaeological and topographical importance of the city of David is beyond dispute. Contemporary Jerusalem is symbolic of divided mankind. The city of the great king is now dominated by those who reject Him as Lord.
Jerusalem is mentioned six hundred and forty four times in the O.T. alone. It is, without question, the most important city in both the O.T. and N.T. Before Jerusalem became the biblical symbol of the City of God (Revelation 21:1 ff) it was populated by the Jebusites (see Joshua 15:36; Judges 19:10-11; 1 Chronicles 11:4). The Jebusites either retook the fortification, or else had never lost it, because David took the strong hold (2 Samuel 5:6-7). Solomon made bond servants out of the Jebusites (1 Kings 9:20).
The Hebrew etymology of Yerushalaim is impossible to determine with certainty. But it is clear that part of the word is composed of shalem, peace.
Ancient Jerusalem stood on four different hills. Contemporary topographical research has necessitated that many traditional terms and identification be corrected. There are three valleys which surround Jerusalem. The Kidron (or the valley of Jehoshaphatsee Joe 3:1 ffthis valley is the valley of God’s judgment) is three miles long and divides Jerusalem from the mount of Olives. The valley of the cheesemakers (The Tyropoean valley) separates the western and eastern hills. The Hinnom valley was the western and southern boundaries of Jerusalem. It is called the valley of the sons of Hinnom (Ge-Hinnom). This valley was the central location of Molech worship; and later it became the place where the city refuse was burned. (Note this imagery in order to better understand why it was one of the N.T. words for Hell!)
Archaeological excavation has enabled scholars to basically reconstruct the pre-Israelite period of the city. The Israelite period can be reconstructed both from the biblical records and the illumination which archaeology provides. The major excavations have been carried on by Wilson-Warner (1867-70), Schick-Guthe (1880-81), Bliss-Dickie (1894-97), Parker (1909-11), Weill (1913-14, 1923), Macalister-Duncan (1923-25), and Cranfoot (1927-28).
Archaeology and exegesis of the biblical text are complimentary in asserting that ancient Jerusalem was on Ophel. The writer of Chronicles states that Ophel was strongly fortified (2 Chronicles 27:3). Manasseh built an outer wall to the city of Davidand compassed Ophel about with it and raised it up to a very great height (2 Chronicles 33:14). Excavators have uncovered long stretches of the walls of the city. Josephus (Antiquities, chp. 7, iii, 2) states that David surrounded this city with walls, and named the city after himself (the city of David). Some of the unearthed walls run the length of Ophel, and are twenty four feet thick in some places. (We cannot here consider the more complicated problem of the range of application of the term Zion, but see the bibliography below.)
Jerusalem was rebuilt on the old location after the exile (Nehemiah 2:11-15, and chp. 5-7). After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. by Titus, the Roman generalJerusalem has anew history which is not our concern in this brief appendix.
The city of the great King provides a vantage point for looking eastward and westward. This is the point at which God chose to enter human history in the fullness of time (Galatians 4:4). It was the point of origin of the church, the place where the Gospel was first preached. Christ told His disciples to begin at Jerusalem and go to the uttermost parts of the earth (Acts 1:8). The way of the witnesses began at Jerusalem!
Both the city of Jerusalem and The Temple play a great part in the imagery of etchings, great music, and for our special concern, The Revelation. (For excellent introductions to The Temple see Parrot’s work listed in the bibliography and G. Ernest Wright’s The Temple in Palestine - Syria, pp. 169 - reprinted in The Biblical Archaeologist Reader, edited by G. Ernest Wright and David Noel Freedman, N.Y. Doubleday and Co., Inc., (paperback).
Jerusalem is called The Holy City in Matthew 4:5; Matthew 27:53. This secondary name was utilized by the author of beautiful song, The Holy City. Note the imagery in the words!
Last nite I lay asleeping, there came a dream so fair, I stood in old Jerusalem, beside the Temple there, I heard the children singing, and ever as they sang Methought the voice of angels in heaven in answer rang, Methought the voice of angels in heaven in answer rang, Jerusalem! Jerusalem, Hark, how the angels sing, Hosanna in the highest, Hosanna to the King! And then me thought my dream was changed, The streets no longer rang, Hushed were the glad hosannas the little children sang. The sun grew dark with mystery, the morn was cold and chill, As the shadow of a cross arose upon a lonely hill, As the shadow of a cross arose upon a lonely hill, Jerusalem! Jerusalem, Lift up your gates and sing, Hosanna in the highest, Hosanna to your King. And once again my dream was changed, New earth there seemed to be, I saw the Holy City, beside the tideless sea, The light of God was on its streets, its gates were open wide, And all who would might enter in, and no one was denied, No need for moon or stars my night, nor sun to shine by day, It was the New Jerusalem that would not pass away, It was the New Jerusalem, that would not pass away, Jerusalem! Jerusalem, Sing for the night is o-’er, Hosanna in the highest, Hosanna for evermore, Hosanna in the highest, Hosanna to your King!
The words of our Lord show His compassion, yet stern judgment of the Holy City. O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, that killeth the prophets and stoneth them that are sent unto her. Behold, your house is left unto you desolate (Matthew 23:37 f). The Holy Spirit directed John to use the imagery of the holy city or the new Jerusalem in Revelation 21:1 ff). It was in Jerusalem that The Temple, as place of worship, existed; the place of sacrifice was established; the Sanhedrin, Priests, Prophets, Apostles, and our Lord walked. God chose this point as the center from which biblical Christianity was to be taken into all the world. Jerusalem, thus began as a Jebusite fortification and ended up as the symbol of the City of God. In this city there is no sin present. The great victory of God in Christ has enabled the conquerors through Christ to dwell in the city where there is no death, tears, nor fears. Paradise Lost (Genesis, chp. 3f) has now become Paradise Regained through the atoning power of the blood of the Lamb. Only they that are written in the Lamb’s book of life shall inhabit the new Jerusalem!
Bibliography for Further Study
Check the Westminster Atlas - new edition, and Grollenberg, Atlas of The Bible. The following Journals are in imperative minimum for relevant, recent information. The Israel Exploration Journal; Journal of Near Eastern Studies; Palestine Exploration Quarterly; Revue Biblique; and all relevant information from The Palestine Department of Antiquities, Jerusalem, Israel.
J. Simons, The Geographical and Topographical Texts of The O.T. 1958, E. J, Brill, Netherlands, Leiden.
J. Simons, Jerusalem in The Old Testament Researches and Theories, E. J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands.
L. H. Vincent and A.M. Steve, Jerusalem de l-‘Ancien Testament, Vol. 1 Archaologie de la Ville - 1954 - Vol. II Le Temple, Evolution historique et Monumentale de la ville. E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands.
M. Avi Yonah, editor, The Book of Jerusalem, Vol. l, The Natural Conditions and the History of the City from Its origins to the destruction of the second Temple - 1956, E. J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands.
(The older works of G. A. Smith, Jerusalem, From Earliest Time to 70 A.D. 2 vols. and J. W. McGarvey, Land of The Bible, are no longer adequate for serious advanced study of this subject, but can be consulted with profit by those studying in this area for the first time.)
**Note: Sermon Suggestions
The Seven Matchless Marvels of The City of God**
(See Edward A. McDowell, The Meaning and Message of the Book of Revelation, Broadman, pp. 212).
These seven characteristics can be developed individually or as a theme sermon discussing all seven features.
The New Jerusalem is perfect in her glory. One could study the O.T. and N.T. doctrine of the glory of God, the dwelling place of God, etc.
The New Jerusalem is a city of perfect worship. (See the Special Study on Worship). Study the O.T. and N.T. teaching about God’s revealed form and content of worship which is acceptable to him. Study also non-biblical forms of worship and non-Christian religions and their forms of worship.
The New Jerusalem is perfect in its universality. All you who accept Jesus as Lord shall dwell here regardless of nationality, education, degree of wealth, or color.
The New Jerusalem is perfect in its holiness. The inhabitants are all pure because Christ has presented His spotless bride to the Father. This city is not a utopia which has been created by social engineering, but rather is the city of God. God has eliminated all traces of sin, both in man and the whole of creation (see Romans 8:18-25the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain together until now. More than man was effected by the Fall, the whole creation was involved).
The New Jerusalem is the city of perfect life. What would a perfect life be like? What do we think would be involved in a perfect life in Christ? List both positive (things that would be) and negative (things that would not be) characteristics.
The New Jerusalem is the city of perfect light. The metaphor of light is used in non-Christian religions, in the literature of the Qumran Community (Dead Sea Scrolls), and in the Word of God. John said in him was life; and the life was the light of men. And the light shineth in darkness Revelation 21:9 - There was the true light - even the light which lighteth every man, coming into the world. (John 1:4-5; John 1:9.) Jesus Christ said, I am the light of the World(See also the theme of Light in I John).
The New Jerusalem is the city of perfect dominion. Originally God gave man dominion over all creation. Sin came and marred this God given right to reign over the things of creation. Now, in the city of God, sin has been cast out. Perfection is regained. Man now serves and worships the Lord God of creation and redemption. They shall reign forever and ever.
Note: An excellent study of the Biblical Theology of Newness can be found in Roy A. Harrisville, The Concept of Newness in the New Testament, an Augsburg Publishing House Theological Monograph, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1960.
Concerning the biblical vocabulary for newness there has been propagated some erroneous lexicographical information through R. C. Trench, Synonyms of The New Testament, 9th edition, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1953, pp. 219-225; Hermann Cremer, Biblico-Theological Lexicon of New Testament Greek, T. T. Clark, Edinburgh. This lexicon gives the Hebrew (O.T.) Word and the Greek Word used to translate it. It is now dated by Kittel’s Wörterbuch, but is an excellent beginning study in vital Biblical Theology Vocabulary, as it enables one to begin tracing biblical terms from Hebrew O.T. through Septuagint to the New Testament.
Johannes Behm wrote the article covering the vocabulary kainos and neos in Kittel’s Theologisches Wörterbuch zum neuen Testament, Stuttgart, Germany and its deficiencies demanded further investigation. Dr. Harrisville’s work fulfills that need. The Following data shows the content of the monograph. There is much excellent preaching and teaching data in this work.