Acts 4:18–31 — Forbidden: So What! — (outline by F. F. Bruce, NICNT) « Leader information shown in this fashion »
{A.} The Birth of the Church (1:1–5:42)
{1.} The Forty Days and After (1:1–26)
{2.} The Day of Pentecost (2:1–47)
{3.} An Act of Healing and its Consequences (3:1–4:31)
A. A Cripple Cured Acts 3:1–6
Peter and John, attending the temple for prayer, encounter a man lame from birth. When they heal him, a large crowd is attracted.
B. Peter’s Address in Solomon’s Colonnade; his subject was
1. “The Power of Jesus’ Name,” Acts 3:11–16
Peter addressed this crowd giving the credit for the man’s healing to the name of Jesus Christ, whom they had put to death.
2. Call to Repentance Acts 3:17–21
Peter notes they did this in ignorance, but it was God’s purpose for the suffering Messiah to bring salvation: they should now repent.
3. Witness of the Prophets Acts 3:22–26
This salvation is a promise of all the prophets, starting at Moses. …
C. Arrest of Peter and John Acts 4:1–4
The priests, captain of the temple guard, and the Sadducees were angry of their proclaiming the resurrected Jesus Christ and took them into custody; never-the-less many people believed and the church increased to at least 5,000 men.
D. Peter and John Before the Sanhedrin (Acts 4:5–12)
1. The Sanhedrin’s Question Acts 4:5–7
Caiaphas and Annas, who were involved with Jesus’ “trial,” now ask what empowered this miraculous cure.
2. Peter Answers Their Question Acts 4:8–12
This God-given miracle was my the name of Jesus Messiah of Nazareth, Whom God attested by His resurrection.
E. Debate in the Sanhedrin (Acts 4:13–17)
1. Their Dilemma Acts 4:13–14
The rulers could not confound Peter & John, could not deny the miracle, and could not refute Jesus’ confirming resurrection.
2. Their Reasoning Acts 4:15–17
Not letting the facts get in the way, the rulers decided that they would use force and threats to stop their testimony.
F. The Apostles Dismissed with a Caution Acts 4:18–22
1. The Rulers’ Injunction — Acts 4:18 (NKJV): 18 And they called them and commanded them not to speak at all nor teach in the name of Jesus.
a. Note: the words “at all” (kathalou) are very strong; “you are wholly (completely, absolutely) not to speak…”
b. what made their activities unacceptable to the rulers? « — that they were done in the name of Jesus »
c. what two activities in particular were focussed upon?
(A) « speaking – His name; telling about Jesus, Messiah »
(B) « teaching – proclaiming truth upon His authority »
2. Response of Peter and John — Acts 4:19–20 (NKJV): 19 But Peter and John answered and said to them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you more than to God, you judge. 20 For we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard.”
a. what mark(s) of good character is in their answer? « — integrity; sticking to one’s principles, regardless »
b. what do the words “in the sight of God” signify? « — God is called upon as a witness to both the rulers’ judgment and the apostles’ obedience »
c. the apostles announce their decision (relates to Acts 1:8)
(A) to obey « – God in the person of Jesus »
(B) to bear « – witness to His Person, Life and Work »
3. The Rulers’ Last Resort — Acts 4:21–22 (NKJV): 21 So when they had further threatened them, they let them go, finding no way of punishing them, because of the people, since they all glorified God for what had been done. 22 For the man was over forty years old on whom this miracle of healing had been performed.
a. what could they only do? « — threaten »
b. what restrained them from more drastic action? « — the favour of the people toward them and toward God on account of what had happened »
c. what does the fact mean that he was over 40? « — a congenital defect may clear up naturally at an early but not at an advanced age »
G. Peter and John Rejoin Their Friends Acts 4:23–31
1. 1. Going to the Church — Acts 4:23–24a (NKJV): 23 And being let go, they went to their own companions and reported all that the chief priests and elders had said to them. 24 So when they heard that, they raised their voice to God with one accord and said:
a. “they went to their own” (”companions” supplied by the translators to give sense): what does this highlight about God’s people? « — the close relationship; the first with which we share joys, sorrows, problems, praise »
b. what characterized the prayer that follows? « — all those present were in agreement on its praise and petitions; not that they said it in unison, nor that it was a hymn »
2. 2. Their Prayer — Acts 24b–30 (NKJV): “Lord, You are God, who made heaven and earth and the sea, and all that is in them, 25 who by the mouth of Your servant David have said: ‘Why did the nations rage, And the people plot vain things? 26 The kings of the earth took their stand, And the rulers were gathered together Against the Lord and against His Christ.’ 27 For truly against Your holy Servant Jesus, whom You anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, were gathered together 28 to do whatever Your hand and Your purpose determined before to be done. 29 Now, Lord, look on their threats, and grant to Your servants that with all boldness they may speak Your word, 30 by stretching out Your hand to heal, and that signs and wonders may be done through the name of Your holy Servant Jesus.”
a. Notes:
(A) in many manuscripts verse 25 includes that David spoke “through the Holy Spirit”
(B) Jesus is called Servant (verse 27) using a word that can also be translated as “child” or even “son” but they refer to themselves with a word “bond-slaves”
b. verse 24b of their prayer quotes Psalm 146:6, and the next quote is from Psalm 2:1–2 (LXX); what lesson might we take from this example? « — that it is legitimate to take the prayers in the Bible and employ them in expressing our own petitions to God. Exactly quotes the LXX; uses “Christos” for Messiah. Aquila, 2nd century, in a rabbinically proper translation using another word »
c. what distinguished Jesus’ anointing from every O. T. king? « — performed directly by God with the Spirit »
d. how do they match the “cast” listed in Psalm 2?
(A) nations « — Gentiles, Romans »
(B) peoples « — Jewish populace, people of Israel »
(C) kings « — Herod »
(D) rulers « — Pontius Pilate; phps also rulers of Jews »
(E) Christ (Anointed) « — Your holy Servant Jesus (Isaiah 40–66; Psalm 2:7 “Son;” also at Jesus’ baptism) »
e. in what 3 forms did they ask their boldness be shown?
(A) in « speaking – directly contra rulers’ command »
(1) what? « — the word of God »
(B) in healing « – had just brought conflict with rulers »
(1) how? « – God’s intervention (stretched out arm) »
(C) in « signs and wonders; confirmations (Mark 16:20) »
(1) how? « – by the invoking of Jesus’ name »
f. in what was their prayer for boldness likely to result? « — more confrontation with Jewish rulers »
3. God’s Answer — Acts 4:31(NKJV): 31 And when they had prayed, the place where they were assembled together was shaken; and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.
a. “all filled with the Holy Spirit” parallels Acts 4:8 referring to a single event for a specific purpose which is to be distinguished from “full of … the Holy Spirit” (Acts 6:5) which describes an ongoing state. What did this being filled by the Holy Spirit have as its purpose? « — that they should speak boldly despite the opposition of the rulers of the Jews, those who had planned Jesus’ death »
b. how does this tie in with Mark 13:9, Luke 21:12 « — it is preparing them for what will happen later in Acts 5! »