Acts 19:21–19:41 — Leaving Ephesus: the plan and the riot — (outline by F. F. Bruce, NICNT) « Leader information shown in this fashion »
{A.} The Birth of the Church (1:1–5:42)
{B.} Persecution and Expansion (6:1–9:31)
{C.} The Acts of Peter & Beginnings of Gentile Christianity (9:32-12:25)
{D.} Church Extension from Antioch & Apostolic Decree at Jerusalem
(12:25–15:35)
{E.} Paul Leaves Antioch & Moves to the Aegean World (15:36–19:20)
{1} Recently Planted Churches Revisited (15:36–16:5)
{2} Philippi (16:6–40)
{3} Thessalonica to Athens (17:1-34)
{4} Corinth (18:1–17)
{5} Ephesus (18:18–19:20) « Review this section »
A. Hasty Visit to Ephesus (18:18–21)
B. Brief Visit to Judaea and Syria (18:22–23)
C. Apollos (18:18–24)
D. Paul & the 12 Disciples of Ephesus (19:1–7)
E. The Lecture Hall of Tyrannus (19:8–10) « in siesta hours »
F. Conflict with the Magicians (19:11–19) « drachma=day’s work »
G. Further (the Fifth) Progress Report (19:20)
{F.} Paul Plans to Visit Rome and Gets there by an Unforseen Route
(Acts 19:21–28:31)
{1.} He Prepares to Leave Ephesus for Macedonia and Achaian (Acts 19:21–20:6)
A. Paul Makes Plans for the Future (19:21–22; NKJV): 21 When these things were accomplished, Paul purposed in the Spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, “After I have been there, I must also see Rome.” 22 So he sent into Macedonia two of those who ministered to him, Timothy and Erastus, but he himself stayed in Asia for a time.
1. What were the major cities (where Paul had preached)
a. In Macedonia? « – Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea »
b. In Achaia? « – Athens, Corinth »
2. What was the guiding governance in Paul’s life (consider Philippians 2:13)? « – the Holy Spirit »
3. Does this mean Paul knew fully what was going to happen to him in every circumstance (consider Acts 20:23) « – only what the Spirit chose to reveal to him directly or indirectly »
4. Do we need such guidance today? … of what character? « – discuss promises such as Psalm 32:8, John 16:13; give personal examples of leading (in call to ministry, in sermon subject) by the burden or need; discuss claim of “a voice from heaven” »
5. How did Paul prepare for his return to Macedonia? « – sending two fellow-workers there; might be same Erastus as in Romans 16:23 (written from Corinth) and 2 Timothy 4:20 »
6. Pauls afflictions here: 1 Corinthians 15:32, 2 Corinthians 1:8–9
B. The Riot at Ephesus Acts 19:23–41
1. Indignation of the Silversmiths (19:23–28; NKJV): 23 And about that time there arose a great commotion about the Way. 24 For a certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith, who made silver shrines of Diana, brought no small profit to the craftsmen. 25 He called them together with the workers of similar occupation, and said: “Men, you know that we have our prosperity by this trade. 26 Moreover you see and hear that not only at Ephesus, but throughout almost all Asia, this Paul has persuaded and turned away many people, saying that they are not gods which are made with hands. 27 So not only is this trade of ours in danger of falling into disrepute, but also the temple of the great goddess « * » Diana may be despised and her magnificence destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worship.” 28 Now when they heard this, they were full of wrath and cried out, saying, “Great is Diana of the Ephesians!” « * Greek: Artemis; she was Asiatic in form and name »
a. What concerns did Demetrius, the silversmith, voice?
i. The loss « of personal trade, income and prestige »
ii. The effect « on the worship of Diana; this temple was one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world (425’ x 220’ x 60”, 127 marble pillars); foundation uncovered 1869 »
b. How sincere was his statement in your opinion? « – Pro: he was speaking to like-minded craftsmen so he didn’t need a religious motive; Con: the religious motif gave a rallying cry that could inflame the whole populace »
c. What was it about The Way that caused this commotion? « – there is no other way; Christ as God is exclusively Saviour »
d. What does The Way likewise threaten today? « – discuss anti-Christian industries and activities; things in our lives »
2. Demonstration in the Theatre (19:29–34; NKJV): 29 So the whole city was filled with confusion, and rushed into the theater with one accord, having seized Gaius and Aristarchus, Macedonians, Paul’s travel companions. 30 And when Paul wanted to go in to the people, the disciples would not allow him. 31 Then some of the officials of Asia, who were his friends, sent to him pleading that he would not venture into the theater. 32 Some therefore cried one thing and some another, for the assembly was confused, and most of them did not know why they had come together. 33 And they drew « * » Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward. And Alexander motioned with his hand, and wanted to make his defense to the people. 34 But when they found out that he was a Jew, all with one voice cried out for about two hours, “Great is Diana of the Ephesians!” « * who is this? … Jewish interest? »
a. Paul’s travelling companions
i. Gaius – see Romans 16:23, 1 Corinthians 1:14 « – probably different from 3 John 1:1, 4-5 (John’s convert?) and Gaius of Derbe (Acts 20:4) »
ii. Aristarchus – see Colossians 4:10, Philemon 1:24 « – a prisoner with Paul in Rome; from Thessalonica (20:4) »
b. What good qualities does Paul show, verses 30-31? « – listens to the counsel of other believers; constancy in willingness to face the mob to defend his companions »
c. What marked this assembly? « – total confusion or chaos »
3. The Town Clerk Calms the Agitation (19:35–41; NKJV): 35 And when the city clerk had quieted the crowd, he said: “Men of Ephesus, what man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is temple guardian of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Zeus? 36 Therefore, since these things cannot be denied, you ought to be quiet and do nothing rashly. 37 For you have brought these men here who are neither robbers of temples nor blasphemers of your goddess. 38 Therefore, if Demetrius and his fellow craftsmen have a case against anyone, the courts are open and there are proconsuls. Let them bring charges against one another. 39 But if you have any other inquiry to make, it shall be determined in the lawful assembly. 40 For we are in danger of being called in question for today’s uproar, there being no reason which we may give to account for this disorderly gathering.” 41 And when he had said these things, he dismissed the assembly.
a. The city clerk would act as secretary of any civic assembly and liaise with Roman authorities; what particular concern would he have in this situation? « – Rome would hold him responsible for any disorderly (unlawful) gathering »
b. Historic replicas of this image are grotesque and unlike the Roman, Diana; what caused its reverence? « – its supposed heavenly source (some say made of vine-wood or ebony) »
c. How did the city clerk assess Gaius and Aristarchus (and thus, indirectly, their leader, Paul)? « – as innocent of any crime – note that The Way was still considered a Jewish sect and thus free to preach monotheism though hated for this reason (which explains the Jewish interest in this event) »
d. What recourse did he say was open to the craftsmen? « – to come to the regular assizes and there sue a complaint »
e. Was the city clerk right in his assessment of the danger to the worship of Artemis? « – no; the worship disappeared and the temple fell to ruins, disappearing for centuries; compare younger Pliny (Epistles 10.96.10) that the spread of Christianity had reduced sale of fodder for sacrificial animals in Bithynia, ca. AD 112 »
f. What argument probably decided the mob? « – the Roman army would step in to restore law and order »