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2 Samuel 21:8 — Word Study

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WLCוַיִּקַּ֣ח הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־ שְׁ֠נֵי בְּנֵ֨י רִצְפָּ֤ה בַת־ אַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָלְדָ֣ה לְשָׁא֔וּל אֶת־ אַרְמֹנִ֖י וְאֶת־ מְפִבֹ֑שֶׁת וְאֶת־ חֲמֵ֗שֶׁת בְּנֵי֙ מִיכַ֣ל בַּת־ שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלְדָ֛ה לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־ בַּרְזִלַּ֖י הַמְּחֹלָתִֽי׃

BSABut the kingmelek [ruler, sovereign] tooklâqach▸ ArmoniʼArmônîy△ and MephiboshethMᵉphîybôsheth [exterminator of idols] the twoshᵉnayim [a pair, a duo] sonsbên whomʼăsher RizpahRitspâh [a concubine of Saul] daughterbath of AiahʼAyâh [father of Rizpah] had borneyâlad■ [given birth to, brought forth] to SaulShâʼûwl [the first king of Israel] as well as the fivechâmêsh [a quintet, a group of five] sonsbên whomʼăsher MerabMîykâl [Saul's daughter, a woman of noble birth] daughterbath of SaulShâʼûwl had borneyâlad■ [brought forth, given birth to] to AdrielʻAdrîyʼêl [flock of God, a son of Barzillai] sonbên of BarzillaiBarzillay [my iron, a Gileadite leader] the MeholathiteMᵉchôlâthîy [a resident of Abel-Mecholah, a place of dancing]

Word
Listen & take away2 Samuel 21
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 8 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.me.cho.la.Ti) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
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2 Samuel 21:8quick helps
In a sentenceThe king took two sons of Rizpah and five sons of Merab, connecting them to Saul's lineage.
Who is speakingThe king, likely David, is making a decision regarding the descendants of Saul.
Where we areThis verse occurs in a narrative about the consequences of Saul's actions and the fate of his descendants.
The hard wordמְחֹלָתִי
Take awayThe verse lists the sons taken by the king, emphasizing familial ties and the consequences of past actions.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbלָקַח The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 27 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 2 Samuel 21:8

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Fate of Saul's Descendantsgenerated

7Now the king spared Mephibosheth son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, because of the oath before the LORD between David and Jonathan son of Saul.
8But the king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons whom Rizpah daughter of Aiah had borne to Saul, as well as the five sons whom Merab daughter of Saul had borne to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite.
9And he delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them on the hill before the LORD. So all seven of them fell together; they were put to death in the first days of the harvest, at the beginning of the barley harvest.
10And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest until the rain from heaven poured down on the bodies, she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night.

2 Samuel 21:8 describes King David's actions regarding the descendants of Saul, specifically focusing on the sons of Rizpah and Merab. This passage highlights the ongoing consequences of Saul's reign and the political and familial complexities within Israel's monarchy, particularly as David navigates his relationship with Saul's lineage. The narrative continues to explore themes of justice and retribution as it unfolds in the context of the Gibeonites' demand for justice, which reflects the broader historical and theological implications of David's kingship.

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
12 Samuel 3:7Meanwhile, Saul had a concubine named Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah. So Ish-bosheth questioned Abner, “Why did you sleep with my father’s concubine?”
21 Samuel 18:19So when it was time to give Saul’s daughter Merab to David, she was given in marriage to Adriel of Meholah.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Rizpah2 Samuel 3:7
Michal1 Samuel 18:19

Nave’s Topical Bible — the subjects this verse is filed under

MeholathiteAn inhabitant of a city in the territory of IssacharDavid1. King of IsraelArmoniSon of SaulSaul2. King of IsraelAdrielSaul's son-in-lawRizpahGuards the bodies of her sons who were hanged by the command of DavidGibeon1. A city of the HivitesBarzillai2. Father of AdrielAjah2. Father of RizpahMephibosheth1. Son of Saul by Rizpah, whom David surrendered to the Gibeonites to be killed

The Key Word — לָקַח, vai.yi.Kachgenerated

The verb לָקַח (*laqach*) means 'to take' and encompasses a variety of actions such as receiving, seizing, or capturing. In this verse, it indicates the king's deliberate action in selecting specific individuals from Saul's family, emphasizing the authority and decision-making of King David.

The parsing as a sequential imperfect third person masculine singular verb highlights that this action is part of an ongoing narrative, indicating that the king is actively involved in the events surrounding Saul's descendants.

How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.

Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וַיִּקַּ֣ח (*vai.yi.Kach*) governs the sentence, indicating that the king is the subject performing the action of taking. The structure includes multiple noun phrases that elaborate on the specific individuals taken, creating a complex sentence that reflects the relationships between the characters involved.

The Hebrew word order places the king's action first, emphasizing his authority. The subsequent phrases detail the sons taken, showcasing the familial connections and the implications of those relationships.

Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates לָקַח as ἔλαβεν, indicating a straightforward rendering of the action of taking. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning and maintains the focus on the king's authority in making this selection.

The use of βασιλεὺς for 'king' further emphasizes the royal context of the action, reinforcing the narrative's focus on the monarchy and its decisions.

In plain words — the whole versegenerated

2 Samuel 21:8 tells us that King David took two sons of Rizpah and five sons of Merab, who were descendants of Saul. This action reflects the king's decisions regarding Saul's family and the consequences of past events, as he navigates the political landscape of Israel.

Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Who were Armoni and Mephibosheth?

Armoni and Mephibosheth were sons of Rizpah, a concubine of Saul, indicating their connection to the former king of Israel.

What is the significance of the five sons mentioned?

The five sons mentioned were born to Merab, Saul's daughter, and they represent another branch of Saul's lineage, highlighting the family's complex history.

Why did David take these sons?

David's decision to take these sons was likely influenced by previous events and the need to address the Gibeonites' demand for justice regarding Saul's actions.

What does this verse reveal about the political dynamics of David's reign?

This verse illustrates the ongoing complexities of David's reign, particularly in managing the legacy of Saul and the implications for his own kingship.

Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How does this verse reflect the consequences of past actions in leadership?
  2. What can we learn about the importance of family ties in the context of leadership from this passage?
  3. In what ways does this narrative highlight the complexities of justice in a monarchy?
  4. How does David's decision-making process inform our understanding of leadership today?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Richard Challoner comments on the familial connections in this verse, noting the adoption aspect of Michal's relationship with the sons of Merab.

Richard Challoner 1691–1781
Of Michol: They were the sons of Merob, who was married to Hadriel: but they are here called the sons of Michol, because she adopted them, and brought them up as her own.
Early Church Fathers on 2 Samuel 21 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 21:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah,.... Saul's concubine, 2 Samuel 3:7; whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; of whom we read nowhere else; after the name of

Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 21 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the

Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 21 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Rizpah; Saul’ s concubine, . The five sons of Michal, or, of Michal’ s sister, to wit, Merab; for Michal had no children, , nor was she married to this Adriel, but to Phalti, or Phaltiel, the son of Laish, ; and Merab her sister was married to this very Adriel the Meholathite, . And it must be remembered, that the Hebrew language is very short, and full of ellipses or defects of words, which yet may be easily understood from the sense. Particularly relative words are oft lacking, and to be supplied; as Goliath is put for Goliath’ s brother, here, , and uncle for uncle’ s son, ,12. Or, the sons of Merab are called the sons of Michal, to wit, by adoption; or, the near kindred and next heirs…

Read Matthew Poole on 2 Samuel 21 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

2 Samuel 21:8 But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite:Ver. 8. But the king took the two sons of Rizpah.] By God’ s warrant and direction doubtless, who can, at his pleasure, dispense with his own laws. And the five sons of Michal, the daughter of Saul.] Or, Of Michal’ s sister, - via, Merab: whose children, Michal, having none of her own, had adopted and educated. See the like ellipsis, 2 Samuel 21:19 Jeremiah 32:12.

Read John Trapp on 2 Samuel 21 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(8) Took the two sons of Rizpah.—The suggestion that David took advantage of this opportunity to strengthen himself further against the house of Saul is utterly set aside by two considerations: (1) David could not lawfully refuse the demand of the Gibeonites, since the Law absolutely required that blood-guiltiness should be expiated by the blood of the offender (Numbers 35:33), which, in this case, became that of his representatives; and (2) David’s choice of victims was directly opposed to such a supposition. He spared, for Jonathan’s sake, the only descendants of Saul in the male line, who only could have advanced any claim to the throne, and took (1) the two sons of Rizpah, a concubine…

Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 21 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 8. Five sons of Michal - whom she brought up] Michal, Saul's daughter, was never married to Adriel, but to David, and afterwards to Phaltiel; though it is here said she bore ילדה yaledah, not brought up, as we falsely translate it: but we learn from 1 Samuel 18:19, that Merab, one of Saul's daughters, was married to Adriel. Two of Dr. Kennicott's MSS. have Merab, not Michal; the Syriac and Arabic have Nadab; the Chaldee has properly Merab; but it renders the passage thus: - And the five sons of Merab which Michal the daughter of Saul brought up, which she brought forth to Adriel the son of Barzillai. This cuts the knot.

Read AdamClarke on 2 Samuel 21 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

8. the five sons of Michal … whom she brought up for Adriel] The Heb. text can only mean whom she bare to Adriel. But it was Merab, not Michal, who was married to Adriel (1 Samuel 18:19). Consequently we must either read Merab for Michal, or take the explanation given in the Targum and adopted by the E. V.: “the five sons of Merab, (whom Michal the daughter of Saul brought up), whom she bare to Adriel.” the Meholathite] Of Abel-Meholah, a town in the Jordan valley near Beth-shan, famous as the birth-place of Elisha (1 Kings 19:16).

Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 21 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Rizpah - See the marginal reference. A foreign origin was possibly the cause of the selection of Rizpah’s sons as victims. Sons of Michal - An obvious error for “Merab” (1 Samuel 18:19 note).

Read Albert Barnes on 2 Samuel 21 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

But the king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons whom Rizpah daughter of Aiah had borne to Saul, as well as the five sons whom Merab daughter of Saul had borne to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Merab the daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

But the king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons whom Rizpah daughter of Aiah had borne to Saul, as well as the five sons whom Merab daughter of Saul had borne to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite.

NETBNew English Translation2006

So the king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons of Aiah’s daughter Rizpah whom she had born to Saul, and the five sons of Saul’s daughter Merab whom she had born to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she bare to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite:

RVARevised Version, American1894

But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she bare to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

But the King tooke the two sonnes of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whome shee bare vnto Saul, euen Armoni and Mephibosheth and the fiue sonnes of Michal, the daughter of Saul, whome shee bare to Adriel the sonne of Barzillai the Meholathite.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she had borne to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of [the sister of] Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she had borne to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and the king taketh the two sons of Rizpah daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth, and the five sons of Michal daughter of Saul whom she bare to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and the king takes the two sons of Rizpah daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth, and the five sons of Michal daughter of Saul whom she bore to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Ayah, whom she had born unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she had brought up for 'Adriel the son of Barzillai the Mecholathite:

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

But the king took the two sons of Rizpah daughter of Aiah, sons whom she bore to Saul—the two sons were named Armoni and Mephibosheth; and David also took the five sons of Merab daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

So the king took the two sons of Respha the daughter of Aia, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni, and Miphiboseth: and the five sons of Michol the daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Hadriel the son of Berzellai, that was of Molathi:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she had borne to Saul, and the five sons of Merab, the daughter of Saul, whom she had borne to Adriel, son of Barzillai the Meholathite.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

But the king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons of Saul to whom Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, had given birth; and the five sons of Saul's daughter Merab, whose father was Adriel, the son of Barzillai the Meholathite:

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.

The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיִּקַּ֣חhe.tooknoun phrase · subjectהַtheמֶּ֡לֶךְkingnoun phrase · objectnoun phrasenoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phrasenoun phraseשְׁ֠נֵיthe.twonoun phraseבְּנֵ֨יthe.sonsnoun phraseרִצְפָּ֤הof.Rizpahnoun phraseבַתthe.daughterאַיָּה֙of.Aiahrelpאֲשֶׁ֣רwhomclauseverbיָלְדָ֣הshe.had.borneprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְtoשָׁא֔וּלSaulnoun phrasenoun phraseאֶת(et)אַרְמֹנִ֖יArmoniוְandnoun phraseאֶת(et)מְפִבֹ֑שֶׁתMephiboshethוְandnoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phrasenoun phraseחֲמֵ֗שֶׁתthe.fivenoun phraseבְּנֵי֙the.sonsnoun phraseמִיכַ֣לof.Michalnoun phraseבַּתthe.daughterשָׁא֔וּלof.Saulrelpאֲשֶׁ֥רwhomclauseverbיָלְדָ֛הshe.had.borneprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְtonoun phraseעַדְרִיאֵ֥לAdrielnoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonnoun phraseבַּרְזִלַּ֖יof.Barzillainoun phraseהַtheמְּחֹלָתִֽיMeholathite

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.

The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls show significant agreement in this verse, with the scrolls preserving most of the wording. However, some words were restored by editors due to damage, indicating a high degree of textual consistency across these witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיִּקַּ֣ח הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־ שְׁ֠נֵי בְּנֵ֨י רִצְפָּ֤ה בַת־ אַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָלְדָ֣ה לְשָׁא֔וּל אֶת־ אַרְמֹנִ֖י וְאֶת־ מְפִבֹ֑שֶׁת וְאֶת־ חֲמֵ֗שֶׁת בְּנֵי֙ מִיכַ֣ל בַּת־ שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלְדָ֛ה לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־ בַּרְזִלַּ֖י הַמְּחֹלָתִֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיִּקַּ֣חἔλαβενהַמֶּ֡לֶךְβασιλεὺςשְׁ֠נֵיδύοבְּנֵ֨יυἱοὺςרִצְפָּ֤הρεσφαבַת־θυγατρὸςאַיָּה֙αιαאֲשֶׁ֣רοὓςיָלְדָ֣הἔτεκενלְשָׁא֔וּלσαουλוְאֶת־καὶוְאֶת־καὶחֲמֵ֗שֶׁתπέντεבְּנֵי֙υἱοὺςמִיכַ֣לμιξολבַּת־θυγατρὸςשָׁא֔וּלσαουλאֲשֶׁ֥רοὓςיָלְדָ֛הἔτεκενלְעַדְרִיאֵ֥לεσριηλבֶּן־υἱῷבַּרְזִלַּ֖יβερζελλιהַמְּחֹלָתִֽי׃μοουλαθι

23 of the 27 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q51a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ילדה] [לשאול] [את] [ארמוני] [ואת] [מפיבשת] [ואת] חמשת בני [מרב] [בת] [שאול] [אשר] [ילדה] [לעדריאל] [בן] [ברזלי] [המחלתי]

18 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 16 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.

The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

2 Samuel 21:8לָקַחand he tookand he tookלָקַחמֶ֫לֶךְthe kingthe kingמֶ֫לֶךְאֵתthe object the object markאֵתשְׁנַ֫יִם[the] two[the] twoשְׁנַ֫יִםבֵּן[the] sons [the] sons ofבֵּןרִצְפָּהRizpahRizpahרִצְפָּהבַּת[the] daugh[the] daughter בַּתאַיָּהAiahAiahאַיָּהאֲשֶׁרwhomwhomאֲשֶׁריָלַדshe had borshe had borneיָלַדשָׁאוּלto Saulto Saulשָׁאוּלאֵתthe object the object markאֵתאַרְמֹנִיArmoniArmoniאַרְמֹנִיאֵתand the objand the object אֵתמְרִיבMephiboshetMephiboshethמְרִיבאֵתand the objand the object אֵתחָמֵשׁ[the] five[the] fiveחָמֵשׁבֵּן[the] sons [the] sons ofבֵּןמִיכַלMichalMichalמִיכַלבַּת[the] daugh[the] daughter בַּתשָׁאוּלSaulSaulשָׁאוּלאֲשֶׁרwhomwhomאֲשֶׁריָלַדshe had borshe had borneיָלַדעַדְרִיאֵלto Adrielto Adrielעַדְרִיאֵלבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןבַּרְזִלַּיBarzillaiBarzillaiבַּרְזִלַּימְחֹלָתִיthe Meholatthe Meholathiteמְחֹלָתִיבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתמָלַךְto reignto reignמָלַךְשָׁאַלto askto askשָׁאַלאַרְמוֹןcitadel: pcitadel: palaceאַרְמוֹןפָּאָהto cleaveto cleaveפָּאָהעֵ֫דֶרflockflockעֵ֫דֶרבַּרְזֶלironironבַּרְזֶלאָבֵלאָבֵלשֵׁנִיsecondsecondשֵׁנִירִצְפָּהpavementpavementרִצְפָּהאַיָּהfalconfalconאַיָּהמִיכָלbrookbrookמִיכָלמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁעַמּוֹןAmmonAmmonעַמּוֹןרְאוּבֵןReubenReubenרְאוּבֵןצִיּוֹןZionZionצִיּוֹןאֵםmothermotherאֵם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 21:8

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

וַיִּקַּ֣ח and he tookהַמֶּ֡לֶךְ the kingאֶת־ the object markerשְׁ֠נֵי [the] twoבְּנֵ֨י [the] sons ofרִצְפָּ֤ה Rizpahבַת־ [the] daughter ofאַיָּה֙ Aiahאֲשֶׁ֣ר whomיָלְדָ֣ה she had borneלְשָׁא֔וּל to Saulאֶת־ the object markerאַרְמֹנִ֖י Armoniוְאֶת־ and the object markerמְפִבֹ֑שֶׁת Mephiboshethוְאֶת־ and the object markerחֲמֵ֗שֶׁת [the] fiveבְּנֵי֙ [the] sons ofמִיכַ֣ל Michalבַּת־ [the] daughter ofשָׁא֔וּל Saulאֲשֶׁ֥ר whomיָלְדָ֛ה she had borneלְעַדְרִיאֵ֥ל to Adrielבֶּן־ [the] son ofבַּרְזִלַּ֖י Barzillaiהַמְּחֹלָתִֽי׃ the Meholathite
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
וַיִּקַּ֣חvai.yi.Kach and he took H3947 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
966× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to take or get something, and it is used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to take a wife, to take possession of something, or to receive a gift. For example, in Genesis 2:22, God takes a rib from Adam to create Eve.
Tyndale gloss
to take: take
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לָקַח (*laqach*) means 'to take' and encompasses a wide range of actions, including to receive, seize, capture, and carry away. It can refer to taking something in hand, taking a wife, or even taking vengeance. The verb has various forms indicating different nuances, such as being taken away or captured.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לָקַח 965 vb. take

Qal

take, take in hand

take and carry along with oneself

take from, or out of

take, carry away

take away from, so as to deprive of

esp. take away life

take to or for a person

take up, upon = put upon

= fetch

take = lead, conduct (with or without contact)

take = capture, seize

take = carry off

in phr. take vengeance

Niph.

be captured, of ark

be taken away, removed

be taken, brought unto

Pu.

be taken from, out of

= be stolen from

be taken captive

be taken away, removed

Hoph.

be taken, brought unto

be taken out of

be taken away from

Hithp. lit. fire taking hold of itself, of lightning

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3947 לָקַח take .. take, take in hand

. take and carry along with oneself

. . take from, or out of

. take, carry away

. take away from, so as to deprive of

. esp. take away life

. take to or for a person

. take up, upon = put upon

. = fetch

. take = lead, conduct (with or without contact)

. take = capture, seize

. take = carry off

. in phr. take vengeance

. . be captured, of ark

. be taken away, removed

. be taken, brought unto

. . be taken from, out of

. = be stolen from

. be taken captive

. be taken away, removed

. . be taken, brought unto

. be taken out of

. be taken away from

. lit. fire taking hold of itself, of lightning

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3947 laqach law-kakh'

a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of

applications):--accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch,

get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve,

seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָקַח (la.qach) — to take: take.

: take

1) to take, get, fetch, lay hold of, seize, receive, acquire, buy, bring, marry, take a wife, snatch, take away

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to take, take in the hand

1a2) to take and carry along

1a3) to take from, take out of, take, carry away, take away

1a4) to take to or for a person, procure, get, take possession of, select, choose, take in marriage, receive, accept

1a5) to take up or upon, put upon

1a6) to fetch

1a7) to take, lead, conduct

1a8) to take, capture, seize

1a9) to take, carry off 1a10) to take (vengeance)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be captured

1b2) to be taken away, be removed

1b3) to be taken, brought unto

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to be taken from or out of

1c2) to be stolen from

1c3) to be taken captive

1c4) to be taken away, be removed

1d) (Hophal)

1d1) to be taken unto, be brought unto

1d2) to be taken out of

1d3) to be taken away

1e) (Hithpael)

1e1) to take hold of oneself

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
אִשָּׁהwoman×בַּתBath (Shua)×בָּקַרcattle×פַּרbullock×מוּסָרdiscipline×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
הַמֶּ֡לֶךְha.Me.lekh the king H4428 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
2,526× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Amplified meaning
ruler, sovereign
Tyndale gloss
King's
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4428 melek meh'-lek

from 4427; a king:--king, royal.

see HEBREW for 04427

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.

1) king

Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)

הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.

'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.

Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

King

Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one invested with authority, whether extensive or limited. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan (Josh. 12:9, 24), whom Joshua subdued. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings (Judg. 1:7). In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as a king (1 Pet. 2:13, 17); and Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called a king (Matt. 14:9; Mark 6:22).

This title is applied to God (1 Tim. 1:17), and to Christ, the Son of God (1 Tim. 6:15, 16;

Smith's Bible Dictionary

"a chief ruler, one invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country." --Webster. In the Bible the word does not necessarily imply great power or great extent of country. Many persons are called kings whom we should rather call chiefs or leaders. The word is applied in the Bible to God as the sovereign and ruler of the universe, and to Christ the Son of God as the head and governor of the Church. The Hebrews were ruled by a king during a period of about 500 years previous to the destruction of Jerusalem, B.C. 586. The immediate occasion of the substitution of a regal form of government for that of judges seems to have been the siege of Jabesh-gilead by Nahash king of the Ammonites. (1 Samuel 11:1; 12:12) The conviction seems to have forced itself on the Israelites that they could not resist their formidable neighbor…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Called KING OF KINGS Ezr 7:12; Eze 26:7; Da 2:37

→ Divinely authorized De 17:15; 1Sa 9:16,17; 16:12; 1Ch 22:10; 2Ch 2:11,12; Pr 8:15; Da 2:21,37; 4:17; 5:20; Ho 8:4; 13:11

→ How chosen

By divine appointment, Saul 1Sa 10:1

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
יְהוּדָה(Baalah of)Judah×בָּבֶ֫לBabylon×אַשּׁוּרAsshur×אָדוֹןlord×שְׁלֹמֹהSolomon×מָלַךְto reign×סֵ֫פֶרscroll: document×נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּרNebuchadnezzar×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
אֶת־'e.toSh- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
מִגְרָשׁpasture×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
שְׁ֠נֵיShe.nei [the] two H8147 Noun common · both dual construct
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for the number two appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing pairs and dualities. It can also mean double or twice. In the Bible, it is often used to describe things that come in twos, like two witnesses or two tablets.
Amplified meaning
a pair, a duo
Tyndale gloss
two
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim

dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also

(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +

twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

see HEBREW for 08145

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.

1) two

1a) two (the cardinal number)

1a1) two, both, double, twice

1b) second (the ordinal number)

1c) in combination with other numbers

1d) both (a dual number)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · both dual construct
HNcbdc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

too.

See NUMBER.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
עָשָׂרten×שְׁנַ֫יִםtwo×אֶחָדone×שָׁנָהyear×אֶ֫לֶףthousand×מֵאָהhundred×אַ֫יִלram×בָּקַרcattle×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
בְּנֵ֨יbe.Nei [the] sons of H1121 Noun common · masculine plural construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See SON, SONS.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
אַהֲרֹןAaron×מִשְׁפָּחָהfamily×עַמּוֹןAmmon×מְנַשֶּׁהMoses×בִּנְיָמִין(Gate of) Benjamin×רְאוּבֵןReuben×גָּדGad×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
רִצְפָּ֤הritz.Pah Rizpah H7532 Noun proper feminine
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Rizpah was an Israelite woman, daughter of Aiah, and one of King Saul's concubines, mother of Armoni and Mephibosheth.
Amplified meaning
a concubine of Saul
Tyndale gloss
Rizpah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רִצְפָּה (Ritspah) refers to a woman mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically as a concubine of King Saul and the mother of Armoni and Mephibosheth. The name is linked to the meaning "pavement." She is first noted in 2 Samuel 3:7. The entries consistently identify her role and lineage without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רִצְפָּה n.pr.f. concubine of Saul

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7532 רִצְפָּה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7532 Ritspah rits-paw'

the same as 7531; Ritspah, an Israelitess:--Rizpah.

see HEBREW for 07531

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רִצְפָּה (rits.pah) — Rizpah.

A woman living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.3.7;

daughter of: Aiah (H0345H); married to Saul (H7586G);

mother of: Armoni (H0764) and Mephibosheth (H4648H)

§ Rizpah = "pavement"

a concubine of king Saul and mother of Armoni and Mephibosheth

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper feminine
HNpf
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

riz'-pa (ritspah, "hot stone"; Josephus, Rhaispha): In 2Sa 3:7 the subject of a coarse slander. 2Sa 21 contains the pathetic story of Rizpah's faithful watch over the bodies of her dead sons Mephibosheth and Armoni (21:10,11). Did this story suggest Tennyson's "Rizpah"? A three years' famine had made David anxious, and in seeking a reason for the affliction he concluded that it lay in Saul's unavenged conduct to the Gibeonites (21:2). To appease Yahweh he gave up to the Gibeonites the two sons of Saul, Mephibosheth and Armoni, as well as Saul's 5 grandsons (whether by Michal or Merab; see MERAB). These seven were hanged at Gibeah. Rizpah watched 5 months over their exposed bodies, but meanwhile the famine did not abate. Word was brought to David of Rizpah's act (21:10,11), and it is possible that her action suggested to David his next…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Rizpah

Coal; hot stone, the daughter of Aiah, and one of Saul’s concubines. She was the mother of Armoni and Mephibosheth (2 Sam. 3:7; 21:8, 10, 11).

It happened that a grievous famine, which lasted for three years, fell upon the land during the earlier half of David’s reign at Jerusalem. This calamity was sent “for Saul and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites.” David inquired of the Gibeonites what satisfaction they demanded, and was answered that nothing would compensate for the wrong Saul had done to them but the death of seven of Saul’s sons. David accordingly delivered up to them the two sons of Rizpah and five of the sons of Merab (q.v.), Saul’s eldest daughter, whom she bore to Adriel. These the Gibeonites put to death, and hung up their bodies before the Lord at the sanctuary at Gibeah. Rizpah thereupon took…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

concubine to King Saul, and mother of his two sons Armoni and Mephibosheth. (B.C. 1080.) The tragic story of the love and endurance with which she watched over the bodies of her two sons, who were killed by the Gibeonites, (2 Samuel 21:8-11) has made Rizpah one of the most familiar objects in the whole Bible.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A concubine of Saul, taken after his death by the ambitious Abner. Her two sons were afterwards hung, with five other sons of Saul, to avenge the wrongs he had inflicted on the Gibeonites. With the most devoted maternal affection, Rizpah watched over their remains day and night, apparently from May to October; and David, being informed of her painful watchings, gathered the bones of all the family of Saul and gave them an honorable burial, 2Sa 3:7-11; 21:1-14.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
בַּתBath (Shua)×אַיָּהAiah×אֲשֶׁרwhich×פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁconcubine×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
בַת־vat- [the] daughter of H1323 Noun common · feminine singular construct
588× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for daughter is used to describe a female child or a woman, and can also be used figuratively. In the Bible, it is used to describe women like Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah and later of King David.
Tyndale gloss
Bath (Shua)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּת 587 n.f. daughter

daughter, female child

young women, women

with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

pl. = villages, after name of city

in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

ostrich

fig.

of vine = branch

as n. relat.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child

. young women, women

. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

. pl. = villages, after name of city

. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

. ostrich

. fig.

. of vine = branch

. as n. relat.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1323 bath bath

from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same

wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and

figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,

X first, X old, + owl, town, village.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01121

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּת (bat) — daughter.

: daughter

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)

בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.

: village

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;

daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);

mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
אִשָּׁהwoman×בַּתBath (Shua)×לָקַחto take: take×יָלַדto beget×שֵׁםname×צִיּוֹןZion×אֵםmother×אוֹor×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
אַיָּה֙'ai.Yah Aiah H345 Noun proper masculine
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Aiah, meaning falcon, was the name of two Israelites, including a Horite and the father of Rizpah, Saul's concubine. Aiah was mentioned in 2 Samuel as the father of Rizpah.
Amplified meaning
father of Rizpah
Tyndale gloss
Aiah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אַיָּה (*'Ayah*) means "falcon" and refers to a man named Aiah, who is noted as a Horite and the father of Rizpah. He is mentioned in the context of the Patriarchs and the United Monarchy, specifically in Genesis 36:24 and 2 Samuel 3:7. The entries indicate that Aiah is also referred to as Ajah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַיָּה n.pr.m. (falcon)

a Horite

father of Rizpah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H345 אַיָּה (falcon) . a Horite

. father of Rizpah

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

345 'Ayah ah-yaw'

the same as 344; Ajah, the name of two Israelites:--Aiah,

Ajah.

see HEBREW for 0344

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַיָּה (ay.yah) — Aiah.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.24;

son of: Zibeon (H6649H);

brother of: Anah (H6034I)

§ Aiah or Ajah = "falcon"

1) a Horite, son of Zibeon

2) father of Rizpah, Saul's concubine

אַיָּה (ay.yah) — Aiah.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.3.7;

father of: Rizpah (H7532)

§ Aiah or Ajah = "falcon"

1) a Horite, son of Zibeon

2) father of Rizpah, Saul's concubine

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a'-ya ('ayyah, "falcon"; once in the King James Version Ajah, Ge 36:24):

(1) A Horite, son of Zibeon, and brother of Anah, who was father of one of Esau's wives (Ge 36:24; 1Ch 1:40).

(2) Father of Rizpah, a concubine of Saul, about whom Ishbosheth falsely accused Abner (2Sa 3:7), and whose sons were hanged to appease the Gibeonites, whom Saul had wronged (2Sa 21:8-11).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(clamor). Son of Zibeon, a descendant of Seir and ancestor of one of the wives of Esau, (1 Chronicles 1:40) called in (Genesis 36:24) AJAH = A IAH. He probably died before his father, as the succession fell to his brother Anah. Father of Rizpah, the concubine of Saul. (2 Samuel 3:7; 21:8,10,11) (B.C. before 1040.)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

vulture, raven; an isle; alas, where is it?

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See AJAH

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
רִצְפָּהRizpah×בַּתBath (Shua)×בֵּןson: child×עֲנָהAnah×צִבְעוֹןZibeon×שָׁאוּלShaul×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
אֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.Sher whom H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Rel — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
צָוָהto command×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
יָלְדָ֣הYal.dah she had borne H3205 Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
496× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to give birth or beget a child, like when Eve gave birth to Cain in Genesis 4:1. It can also mean to help someone give birth, like a midwife. This word is used in many KJV translations, including Genesis and Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
given birth to, brought forth
Tyndale gloss
to beget
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget

Qal

bear, bring forth

less often beget

of both parents

Niph. be born

Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife

Pu. be born

Hiph.

beget (a father a child)

bear

Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday

Hithp. declared their pedigree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth

. less often beget

. of both parents

. be born

. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife

. be born

. . beget (a father a child)

. bear

. day of one's being born = birthday

. declared their pedigree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3205 yalad yaw-lad'

a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;

medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show

lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring

forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be

delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,

labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be

the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.

1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to bear, bring forth

1a1a) of child birth

1a1b) of distress (simile)

1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)

1a2) to beget

1b) (Niphal) to be born

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to cause or help to bring forth

1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife

1c3) midwife (participle)

1d) (Pual) to be born

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to beget (a child)

1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)

1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)

1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVqp3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See BORN.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
שָׁנָהyear×בַּתBath (Shua)×אִשָּׁהwoman×הָרָהto conceive×מֵאָהhundred×חָיָהto live×שְׁמֹנֶהeight×שֶׁ֫לַחShelah×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
לְשָׁא֔וּלle.sha.'Ul to Saul H7586 Preposition · noun proper masculine
407× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shaul is a personal name meaning desired, given to several individuals in the Bible, including a Benjamite who became the first king of Israel and a Levite living during the time of the Divided Monarchy. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles and 1 Samuel.
Amplified meaning
the first king of Israel
Tyndale gloss
Shaul
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁאוּל (Sha'uwl) means 'asked' and is associated with several figures in the Old Testament, most notably Saul, the first king of Israel from the tribe of Benjamin. The entries indicate that the name can refer to multiple individuals, including an early king of Edom and a Levite. The name is derived from a passive participle form, suggesting a connection to the act of asking.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁאוּל n.pr.m. (= asked)

397 1st king of Isr.

a king of Edom

a son of Simeon

a Levite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7586 שָׁאוּל (= asked)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7586 Sha'uwl shaw-ool'

passive participle of 7592; asked; Shaul, the name of an

Edomite and two Israelites:--Saul, Shaul.

see HEBREW for 07592

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁאוּל (sha.ul) — Saul.

A king of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.2;

son of: Kish (H7027); married to Ahinoam (H0293) and Rizpah (H7532);

father of: Jonathan (H3083H), Abinadab (H0041H), Malchi-shua (H4444), Merab (H4764), Michal (H4324), Ish-bosheth (H0378), Armoni (H0764), Mephibosheth (H4648H)

§ Saul or Shaul = "desired"

1) a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the 1st king of Israel

2) an early king of Edom and a successor of Samlah

3) a son of Simeon

4) a Levite, son of Uzziah

שָׁאוּל (sha.ul) — Shaul.

A man of the tribe of Simeon living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.10;

son of: Simeon (H8095) and Canaanite_woman (H3669);

brother of: Jemuel (H3223), Jamin (H3226), Ohad (H0161), Jachin (H3199) and Zerah (H2226L);

father of: Shallum (H7967K)

Also named: sha.u.li (שָׁאוּלִי "Shaulite" H7587)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper masculine
HR/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sol (sha'ul; Saoul):

(1) The first king of Israel.

I. EARLY HISTORY

1. Name and Meaning

2. Genealogy

3. Home and Station

4. Sources for Life

5. Election as King

6. Reasons for It

II. REIGN AND FALL

1. His First Action

2. Army Reorganized

3. Battle of Michmash

4. Defeats the Amalekites

5. Deposition Pronounced

6. David Introduced to Saul

7. Two Accounts

8. Saul's Envy of David

9. Attempts to Get Rid of David

10. David Spares Saul

11. Saul's Divided Energies

12. Consults a Necromancer

13. Battle of Gilboa

14. Double Accounts

15. Saul's Posterity

III. CHARACTER

1. Book of Chronicles

2. Saul's Failings

3. His Virtue

4. David's Elegy

I. Early History.

1. Name and Meaning:

The name Saul is usually regarded as simply the passive participle of the verb "to ask," and so meaning "asked" (compare 1Sa 8:4 ff), but the gentilic adjective sha'uli (

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Saul

Asked for. (1.) A king of Edom (Gen. 36:37, 38); called Shaul in 1 Chr. 1:48.

(2.) The son of Kish (probably his only son, and a child of prayer, “asked for”), of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of the Jewish nation. The singular providential circumstances connected with his election as king are recorded in 1 Sam. 8-10. His father’s she-asses had strayed, and Saul was sent with a servant to seek for them. Leaving his home at Gibeah (10:5, “the hill of God,” A.V.; lit., as in R.V. marg., “Gibeah of God”), Saul and his servant went toward the north-west over Mount Ephraim, and then turning north-east they came to “the land of Shalisha,” and thence eastward to the land of Shalim, and at length came to the district of Zuph, near Samuel’s home at Ramah (9:5-10). At this point…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(desired), more accurately Shaul. One of the early kings of Edom, and successor of Samlah. (Genesis 36:37,38; 1 Chronicles 1:48) (B.C. after 1450.) The first king of Israel, the son of Kish, and of the tribe of Benjamin. (B.C, 1095-1055.) His character is in part illustrated by the fierce, wayward, fitful nature of the tribe and in part accounted for by the struggle between the old and new systems in which he found himself involved. To this we must add a taint of madness. which broke out in violent frenzy at times leaving him with long lucid intervals. He was remarkable for his strength and activity, (2 Samuel 1:25) and, like the Homeric heroes, of gigantic stature, taller by head and shoulders than the rest of the people, and…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of the Israelites, anointed by Samuel, B. C. 1091, and after a reign of forty years filled with various events, slain with his sons on Mount Gilboa. He was succeeded by David, who was his son-in-law, and whom he had endeavored to put to death. His history is contained in 1Sa 10:1-31:13. It is a sad and admonitory narrative. The morning of his reign was bright with special divine favors, both providential, and spiritual, 1Sa 9:20 10:1-11,24,25. But he soon began to disobey God, and was rejected as unworthy to found a line of kings; his sins and misfortunes multiplied, and his sun went down in gloom. In his first war with the Ammonites, God was with him; but then follow his presumptuous sacrifice, in the absence of Samuel…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
דָּוִדDavid×שְׁמוּאֵלShemuel×יְהוֹנָתָןJonathan×שָׁאוּלShaul×פְּלִשְׁתִּי(Sea of the) Philistines×נָגַדto tell×מָלַךְto reign×אִישׁ־בֹ֫שֶׁתIsh-bosheth×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
מִגְרָשׁpasture×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
אַרְמֹנִ֖י'ar.mo.Ni Armoni H764 Noun proper masculine
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Armoni was a man from the tribe of Benjamin and a son of King Saul, mentioned in 2 Samuel 21:8. His name means one of the palace, indicating his royal connection.
Tyndale gloss
Armoni
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַרְמֹנִי (Armoniy) refers to a man from the tribe of Benjamin, specifically a son of Saul, mentioned in 2 Samuel 21:8. The name suggests a connection to a palace or nobility, as it is derived from a root meaning 'palatial.' Armoni is noted to be a half-brother to several other figures in Saul's family.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַרְמֹנִי n.pr.m. a son of Saul (palatinus) 2 S 21:8.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H764 אַרְמֹנִי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

764 'Armoniy ar-mo-nee'

from 759; palatial; Armoni, an Israelite:--Armoni.

see HEBREW for 0759

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַרְמֹנִי (ar.mo.ni) — Armoni.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Sa.21.8;

son of: Saul (H7586G) and Rizpah (H7532);

brother of: Mephibosheth (H4648H);

half-brother of: Jonathan (H3083H), Abinadab (H0041H), Malchi-shua (H4444), Merab (H4764), Michal (H4324) and Ish-bosheth (H0378)

§ Armoni = "one of the palace"

a son of Saul

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ar-mo'-ni ('armoni, "belonging to the palace"): One of the two sons of Saul by Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah (2Sa 21:8). David delivered them over to the blood vengeance of the Gibeonites.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Armoni

Inhabitant of a fortress, the first-named of the two sons of Saul and Rizpah. He was delivered up to the Gibeonites by David, and hanged by them (2 Sam. 21:8, 9).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

son of Saul by Rizpah. (2 Samuel 21:8)

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Son of Saul 2Sa 21:8

“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
מִגְרָשׁpasture×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
מְפִבֹ֑שֶׁתme.fi.Vo.shet Mephibosheth H4648 Noun proper masculine
18× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Mephibosheth was a man in the Bible, grandson of King Saul and son of Rizpah. His name means exterminating the idol, and he is mentioned in 2 Samuel 21:8.
Amplified meaning
exterminator of idols
Tyndale gloss
Mephibosheth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְפִיבֹשֶׁת (Mephibosheth) refers to a name meaning 'dispeller of shame' or 'exterminating the idol.' It denotes two individuals from the tribe of Benjamin, one being the son of Jonathan and the other the grandson of Saul. The name is also associated with the title מְרִיב בַּ֫עַל (Merib-baal), indicating a connection to Baal.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְרִיב בַּ֫עַל n.pr.m. (Baal is (our, my, his) advocate (?))

son of Jonathan

son of Saul and Riṣpah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4648 מְרִיב בַּ֫עַל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4648 Mphiybosheth mef-ee-bo'-sheth

or Mphibosheth {mef-ee-bo'-sheth}; probably from 6284 and

1322; dispeller of shame (i.e. of Baal); Mephibosheth, the

name of two Israelites:--Mephibosheth.

see HEBREW for 06284

see HEBREW for 01322

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְפִיבֹשֶׁת (me.phi.vo.shet) — Mephibosheth.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.4.4;

son of: Jonathan (H3083H);

father of: Micah (H4318H); also called Merib-baal at 1Ch.8.34; 9.40;

§ Mephibosheth = "exterminating the idol"

1) grandson of Saul and son of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, Saul's concubine; he and his brother Armoni were among the 7 victims surrendered by David to the Gibeonites to avert a famine

2) son of Jonathan and grandson of Saul

2a) also 'Merib-baal'

מְפִיבֹשֶׁת (me.phi.vo.shet) — Mephibosheth.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Sa.21.8;

son of: Saul (H7586G) and Rizpah (H7532);

brother of: Armoni (H0764);

half-brother of: Jonathan (H3083H), Abinadab (H0041H), Malchi-shua (H4444), Merab (H4764), Michal (H4324) and Ish-bosheth (H0378)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

me-fib'-o-sheth (mephibhosheth, "idol-breaker," also MERIB-BAAL (which see); Memphibosthe):

(1) Son of Saul by his concubine RIZPAH (which see), daughter of Aiah (2Sa 21:8).

See also ARMONI.

(2) Grandson of Saul, son of Jonathan, and nephew of Mephibosheth (1) (2Sa 4:4). He was 5 years old when his father and grandfather were slain. He was living in charge of a nurse, possibly because his mother was dead. Tidings of the disaster at Jezreel and the onsweep of the Philistines terrified the nurse. She fled with her charge in such haste that a fall lamed the little prince in both feet for life. His life is a series of disasters, disappointments, and anxieties. It is a weary, broken, dispirited soul that speaks in all his utterances. The nurse carried him to Lo-debar among the mountains of…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Mephibosheth

Exterminator of shame; i.e., of idols. (1.) The name of Saul’s son by the concubine Rizpah (q.v.), the daughter of Aiah. He and his brother Armoni were with five others “hanged on a hill before the Lord” by the Gibeonites, and their bodies exposed in the sun for five months (2 Sam. 21:8-10). (2.) The son of Jonathan, and grandson of Saul (2 Sam. 4:4). He was but five years old when his father and grandfather fell on Mount Gilboa. The child’s nurse hearing of this calamity, fled with him from Gibeah, the royal residence, and stumbling in her haste, the child was thrown to the ground and maimed in both his feet, and ever after was unable to walk (19:26). He was carried to the land of Gilead, where he found a refuge in the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, at Lo-debar…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(exterminating the idol), the name borne by two members of the family of Saul --his son and his grandson. Saul’s son by Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, his concubine. (2 Samuel 21:8) He and his brother Armoni were among the seven victims who were surrendered by David to the Gibeonites, and by them crucified to avert a famine from which the country was suffering. The son of Jonathan, grandson of Saul and nephew of the preceding; called also Merib-baal. (1 Chronicles 8:34) His life seems to have been, from beginning to end, one of trial and discomfort. When his father and grandfather were slain on Gilboa he was an infant but five years old. At this age he met with an accident which deprived him for life of the use of both feet. (2 Samuel…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A son of Jonathan, also called Merib-baal, 1Ch 8:34. See ESHBAAL. Mephibosbeth was very young when his father was killed in the battle of Gilboa, 2Sa 4:4, and his nurse was in such consternation at the news, that she let the child fall; and from this accident he was lame all his life. When David found himself in peaceable possession of the kingdom, he sought for all that remained of the house of Saul, that he might show them kindness, in consideration of the friendship between him and Jonathan. He gave Mephibosheth the estate of his grandfather Saul. Of a part of this, however, he was afterwards deprived by the treachery of his steward Zeba, and the hasty injustice, as it appears, of David towards and unfortunate but noble and loyal prince,

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
בֵּןson: child×מְרִיבMephibosheth×צִיבָאZiba×יְהוֹנָתָןJonathan×הִנֵּהbehold×עֶ֫בֶדservant/slave×אָכַלto eat×שָׁחָהto bow×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
מִגְרָשׁpasture×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
חֲמֵ֗שֶׁתcha.Me.shet [the] five H2568 Noun common · both singular construct
343× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word simply means the number five. It is used throughout the Bible to describe quantities of five, such as five loaves of bread in Matthew 14:17. It can also mean a multiple of five.
Amplified meaning
a quintet, a group of five
Tyndale gloss
five
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָמֵשׁ (chamesh) means 'five' in Hebrew. It serves as both a cardinal number and can indicate a multiple of five when combined with another number. The word also has an ordinal form, 'fifth.' The entries consistently define this numeral without any noted disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָמֵשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה 342 n.m. and f. five

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2568 חָמֵשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה five

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2568 chamesh khaw-maysh'

masculine chamishshah {kham-ish-shaw}; a primitive numeral;

five:--fif(-teen), fifth, five (X apiece).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָמֵשׁ (cha.mesh) — five.

1) five

1a) five (cardinal number)

1b) a multiple of five (with another number)

1c) fifth (ordinal number)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · both singular construct
HNcbsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

fiv (chamesh; pente).

See NUMBER.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
אֶ֫לֶףthousand×שָׁנָהyear×מֵאָהhundred×חָמֵשׁfive×אַמָּהcubit×עֶשְׂרִיםtwenty×עָשָׂרten×כֶּ֫בֶשׂlamb×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
בְּנֵי֙be.Nei [the] sons of H1121 Noun common · masculine plural construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See SON, SONS.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
אַהֲרֹןAaron×מִשְׁפָּחָהfamily×עַמּוֹןAmmon×מְנַשֶּׁהMoses×בִּנְיָמִין(Gate of) Benjamin×רְאוּבֵןReuben×גָּדGad×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
מִיכַ֣לmi.Khal Michal H4324 Noun proper feminine
18× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Michal, the daughter of King Saul, was married to David and is an important figure in the Bible. Her name is also spelled Merab, and she is mentioned in 1 Samuel 14:49. Michal's story is significant in the context of David's rise to power.
Amplified meaning
Saul's daughter, a woman of noble birth
Tyndale gloss
Merab
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִיכַל (Miykal) refers to Michal, the younger daughter of Saul and wife of David. She is noted for her complex familial relationships, including being the sister of Jonathan and having been married to another man while still wed to David. The name means 'who is like God.' The entries indicate that there may be confusion with another name, Merab, but they primarily focus on Michal's identity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִיכַל n.pr.f. younger daughter of Saul, wife of David

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4324 מִיכַל, מִיכָל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4324 Miykal me-kawl'

apparently the same as 4323; revulet; Mikal, Saul's

daughter:--Michal.

see HEBREW for 04323

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִיכַל (mi.khal) — Michal.

A woman of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.14.49;

daughter of: Saul (H7586G) and Ahinoam (H0293); married to David (H1732) and Palti (H6406H);

sister of: Jonathan (H3083H), Abinadab (H0041H), Malchi-shua (H4444) and Merab (H4764);

half-brother of: Ish-bosheth (H0378), Armoni (H0764) and Mephibosheth (H4648H)

§ Michal = "who is like God"

daughter of king Saul, sister of Jonathan, wife of king David, and mother of five; given to David as wife for the bride price of 100 Philistine foreskins; while still married to David, her father gave her in marriage to another, Phaltiel; at the death of Saul, David forced her to return

מִיכַל (mi.khal) — Merab.

A woman of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.14.49;

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper feminine
HNpf
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

mi'-kal (mikhal, contracted from mikha'el, "Michael" (which see); Melchol): Saul's younger daughter (1Sa 14:49), who, falling in love with David after his victory over Goliath (1Sa 18:20), was at last, on the payment of double the dowry asked, married to him (1Sa 18:27). Her love was soon put to the test. When Saul in his jealousy sent for David, she was quick to discern her husband's danger, connived at his escape, and not only outwitted and delayed the messengers, but afterward also soothed her father's jealous wrath (1Sa 19:11-17). When David was outlawed and exiled, she was married to Palti or Paltiel, the son of Laish of Gallim (

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Michal

Rivulet, or who as God?, the younger of Saul’s two daughters by his wife Ahinoam (1 Sam. 14:49, 50). “Attracted by the graces of his person and the gallantry of his conduct, she fell in love with David and became his wife” (18:20-28). She showed her affection for him by promoting his escape to Naioth when Saul sought his life (1 Sam. 19:12-17. Comp. Ps. 59. See TERAPHIM). After this she did not see David for many years. Meanwhile she was given in marriage to another man, Phalti or Phaltiel of Gallim (1 Sam. 25:44), but David afterwards formally reclaimed her as his lawful wife (2 Sam. 3:13-16). The relation between her and David soon after this was altered. They…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(who is like God?), the younger of Saul’s two daughters, (1 Samuel 14:49) who married David. The price fixed on Michal’s hand was no less than the slaughter of a hundred Philistines. David by a brilliant feat doubled the tale of victims, and Michal became his wife. Shortly afterward she saved David from the assassins whom her father had sent to take his life. (1 Samuel 19:11-17) When the rupture between Saul and David had become open and incurable, she was married to another man, Phalti or Phaltiel of Gallim. (1 Samuel 25:44) After the death of her father and brothers at Gilboa, David compelled her new husband to surrender Michal to him. (2 Samuel 3:13-16) How Michal…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The younger of Saul’s two daughters, in love with David, and whom Saul reluctantly gave to him in marriage, 1Sa 14:49 18:20-29. She saved her husband’s life from assassins sent by her father, by a stratagem that gave him time to escape, 1Sa 19:14-15. Her father then gave her in marriage to Phalti, 1Sa 25:44, from whom David some years after recovered her, 2Sa 3:12-21.

When David brought the ark of God to Jerusalem, she conceived and expressed great disgust at his pious joy, and the affections of the king remained alienated from her till her death, 2Sa 6:16-23. Her hatred of unfashionable zeal in religion was…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
שָׁאוּלShaul×בַּתBath (Shua)×דָּוִדDavid×אִשָּׁהwoman×עִירexcitement×שָׁקַףto look×אָהֵבto love: lover×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
בַּת־bat- [the] daughter of H1323 Noun common · feminine singular construct
588× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for daughter is used to describe a female child or a woman, and can also be used figuratively. In the Bible, it is used to describe women like Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah and later of King David.
Tyndale gloss
Bath (Shua)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּת 587 n.f. daughter

daughter, female child

young women, women

with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

pl. = villages, after name of city

in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

ostrich

fig.

of vine = branch

as n. relat.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child

. young women, women

. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

. pl. = villages, after name of city

. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

. ostrich

. fig.

. of vine = branch

. as n. relat.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1323 bath bath

from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same

wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and

figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,

X first, X old, + owl, town, village.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01121

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּת (bat) — daughter.

: daughter

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)

בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.

: village

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;

daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);

mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
אִשָּׁהwoman×בַּתBath (Shua)×לָקַחto take: take×יָלַדto beget×שֵׁםname×צִיּוֹןZion×אֵםmother×אוֹor×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
שָׁא֔וּלsha.'Ul Saul H7586 Noun proper masculine
407× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shaul is a personal name meaning desired, given to several individuals in the Bible, including a Benjamite who became the first king of Israel and a Levite living during the time of the Divided Monarchy. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles and 1 Samuel.
Tyndale gloss
Shaul
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁאוּל (Sha'uwl) means 'asked' and is associated with several figures in the Old Testament, most notably Saul, the first king of Israel from the tribe of Benjamin. The entries indicate that the name can refer to multiple individuals, including an early king of Edom and a Levite. The name is derived from a passive participle form, suggesting a connection to the act of asking.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁאוּל n.pr.m. (= asked)

397 1st king of Isr.

a king of Edom

a son of Simeon

a Levite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7586 שָׁאוּל (= asked)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7586 Sha'uwl shaw-ool'

passive participle of 7592; asked; Shaul, the name of an

Edomite and two Israelites:--Saul, Shaul.

see HEBREW for 07592

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁאוּל (sha.ul) — Saul.

A king of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.2;

son of: Kish (H7027); married to Ahinoam (H0293) and Rizpah (H7532);

father of: Jonathan (H3083H), Abinadab (H0041H), Malchi-shua (H4444), Merab (H4764), Michal (H4324), Ish-bosheth (H0378), Armoni (H0764), Mephibosheth (H4648H)

§ Saul or Shaul = "desired"

1) a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the 1st king of Israel

2) an early king of Edom and a successor of Samlah

3) a son of Simeon

4) a Levite, son of Uzziah

שָׁאוּל (sha.ul) — Shaul.

A man of the tribe of Simeon living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.10;

son of: Simeon (H8095) and Canaanite_woman (H3669);

brother of: Jemuel (H3223), Jamin (H3226), Ohad (H0161), Jachin (H3199) and Zerah (H2226L);

father of: Shallum (H7967K)

Also named: sha.u.li (שָׁאוּלִי "Shaulite" H7587)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sol (sha'ul; Saoul):

(1) The first king of Israel.

I. EARLY HISTORY

1. Name and Meaning

2. Genealogy

3. Home and Station

4. Sources for Life

5. Election as King

6. Reasons for It

II. REIGN AND FALL

1. His First Action

2. Army Reorganized

3. Battle of Michmash

4. Defeats the Amalekites

5. Deposition Pronounced

6. David Introduced to Saul

7. Two Accounts

8. Saul's Envy of David

9. Attempts to Get Rid of David

10. David Spares Saul

11. Saul's Divided Energies

12. Consults a Necromancer

13. Battle of Gilboa

14. Double Accounts

15. Saul's Posterity

III. CHARACTER

1. Book of Chronicles

2. Saul's Failings

3. His Virtue

4. David's Elegy

I. Early History.

1. Name and Meaning:

The name Saul is usually regarded as simply the passive participle of the verb "to ask," and so meaning "asked" (compare 1Sa 8:4 ff), but the gentilic adjective sha'uli (

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Saul

Asked for. (1.) A king of Edom (Gen. 36:37, 38); called Shaul in 1 Chr. 1:48.

(2.) The son of Kish (probably his only son, and a child of prayer, “asked for”), of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of the Jewish nation. The singular providential circumstances connected with his election as king are recorded in 1 Sam. 8-10. His father’s she-asses had strayed, and Saul was sent with a servant to seek for them. Leaving his home at Gibeah (10:5, “the hill of God,” A.V.; lit., as in R.V. marg., “Gibeah of God”), Saul and his servant went toward the north-west over Mount Ephraim, and then turning north-east they came to “the land of Shalisha,” and thence eastward to the land of Shalim, and at length came to the district of Zuph, near Samuel’s home at Ramah (9:5-10). At this point…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(desired), more accurately Shaul. One of the early kings of Edom, and successor of Samlah. (Genesis 36:37,38; 1 Chronicles 1:48) (B.C. after 1450.) The first king of Israel, the son of Kish, and of the tribe of Benjamin. (B.C, 1095-1055.) His character is in part illustrated by the fierce, wayward, fitful nature of the tribe and in part accounted for by the struggle between the old and new systems in which he found himself involved. To this we must add a taint of madness. which broke out in violent frenzy at times leaving him with long lucid intervals. He was remarkable for his strength and activity, (2 Samuel 1:25) and, like the Homeric heroes, of gigantic stature, taller by head and shoulders than the rest of the people, and…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of the Israelites, anointed by Samuel, B. C. 1091, and after a reign of forty years filled with various events, slain with his sons on Mount Gilboa. He was succeeded by David, who was his son-in-law, and whom he had endeavored to put to death. His history is contained in 1Sa 10:1-31:13. It is a sad and admonitory narrative. The morning of his reign was bright with special divine favors, both providential, and spiritual, 1Sa 9:20 10:1-11,24,25. But he soon began to disobey God, and was rejected as unworthy to found a line of kings; his sins and misfortunes multiplied, and his sun went down in gloom. In his first war with the Ammonites, God was with him; but then follow his presumptuous sacrifice, in the absence of Samuel…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
דָּוִדDavid×שְׁמוּאֵלShemuel×יְהוֹנָתָןJonathan×שָׁאוּלShaul×פְּלִשְׁתִּי(Sea of the) Philistines×נָגַדto tell×מָלַךְto reign×אִישׁ־בֹ֫שֶׁתIsh-bosheth×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
אֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.Sher whom H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Rel — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
צָוָהto command×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
יָלְדָ֛הYal.dah she had borne H3205 Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
496× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to give birth or beget a child, like when Eve gave birth to Cain in Genesis 4:1. It can also mean to help someone give birth, like a midwife. This word is used in many KJV translations, including Genesis and Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
brought forth, given birth to
Tyndale gloss
to beget
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget

Qal

bear, bring forth

less often beget

of both parents

Niph. be born

Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife

Pu. be born

Hiph.

beget (a father a child)

bear

Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday

Hithp. declared their pedigree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth

. less often beget

. of both parents

. be born

. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife

. be born

. . beget (a father a child)

. bear

. day of one's being born = birthday

. declared their pedigree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3205 yalad yaw-lad'

a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;

medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show

lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring

forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be

delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,

labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be

the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.

1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to bear, bring forth

1a1a) of child birth

1a1b) of distress (simile)

1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)

1a2) to beget

1b) (Niphal) to be born

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to cause or help to bring forth

1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife

1c3) midwife (participle)

1d) (Pual) to be born

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to beget (a child)

1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)

1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)

1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVqp3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See BORN.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
שָׁנָהyear×בַּתBath (Shua)×אִשָּׁהwoman×הָרָהto conceive×מֵאָהhundred×חָיָהto live×שְׁמֹנֶהeight×שֶׁ֫לַחShelah×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥לle.'ad.ri.'El to Adriel H5741 Preposition · noun proper masculine
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Adriel was an Israelite man who lived during the United Monarchy, and his name means 'flock of God'. He was the son of Barzillai and was married to Merab, who was initially promised to David.
Amplified meaning
flock of God, a son of Barzillai
Tyndale gloss
Adriel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַדְרִיאֵל (Adriy'el) means 'flock of God' and refers to a man mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically as the son-in-law of Saul. He is first noted in 1 Samuel 18:19, where he is identified as the son of Barzillai and married to Merab.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַדְרִיאֵל n.pr.m. son-in-law of Saul

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5741 עַדְרִיאֵל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5741 `Adriy'el ad-ree-ale'

from 5739 and 410; flock of God; Adriel, an

Israelite:--Adriel.

see HEBREW for 05739

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַדְרִיאֵל (ad.ri.el) — Adriel.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.18.19;

son of: Barzillai (H1271H); married to Merab (H4764)

§ Adriel = "flock of God"

son of Barzillai, and the man to whom Saul gave his daughter Merab in marriage although she was already promised to David

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper masculine
HR/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a'-dri-el (`adhri'el, "my help is God"): The son of Barzillai the Meholathite, to whom Merab the daughter of King Saul was married when she should have been given to David (1Sa 18:19; 2Sa 21:8). "Michal" in 2Sa 21:8 is a textual error easily accounted for Adriel and Merab had five sons, whom David handed over to the blood vengeance of the men of Gibeon. The name Adriel seems to be Aramaic, the equivalent of the Hebrew name Azriel.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Adriel

Flock of God, the son of Barzillai, the Meholathite, to whom Saul gave in marriage his daughter Merab (1 Sam. 18:19). The five sons that sprang from this union were put to death by the Gibeonites (2 Sam. 21:8, 9. Here it is said that Michal “brought up” [R.V., “bare”] these five sons, either that she treated them as if she had been their own mother, or that for “Michal” we should read “Merab,” as in 1 Sam. 18:19).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(flock of God), son of Barzillai, to whom Saul gave his daughter Merab, although he had previously promised her to David. (1 Samuel 18:19) (B.C. about 1062.) His five sons were amongst the seven descendants of Saul whom David surrendered to the Gibeonites. (2 Samuel 21:8)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A son of Barzillai, married Merab, daughter of Saul, who had been promised to David, 1Sa 18:19. Adriel had five sons by her, who were delivered up to the Gibeonites, to be put to death before the Lord, to avenge the cruelty of Saul their grandfather against the Gibeonites. In 2Sa 21:8, these are said to be the sons of Michal, whom she "brought up" for Adriel; but unless this is a copyist’s error, Michal had adopted the children of her sister Merab, who was perhaps dead; or possibly both sisters may have borne the name Michal. Compare under ABIATHAR.

“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
אַהֲרֹןAaron×מִשְׁפָּחָהfamily×עַמּוֹןAmmon×מְנַשֶּׁהMoses×בִּנְיָמִין(Gate of) Benjamin×רְאוּבֵןReuben×גָּדGad×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
בַּרְזִלַּ֖יbar.zi.Lai Barzillai H1271 Noun proper masculine
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Barzillai means 'my iron' and was the name of three Israelites, including a Gileadite leader who helped David defeat Absalom's rebellion.
Amplified meaning
my iron, a Gileadite leader
Tyndale gloss
Barzillai
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּרְזִלַּי (Barzillai) means 'my iron' and refers to three different Israelites mentioned in the Old Testament. The first is a Gileadite leader who aided David during Absalom's rebellion, the second is a priest related to him, and the third is from Mahalath, whose son married Michal, Saul's daughter. The name is derived from the root for 'iron' and is associated with strength.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּרְזִלַּי n.pr.m. (man of iron)

a Gileadite

a priest

a Meholathite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1271 בַּרְזִלַּי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1271 Barzillay bar-zil-lah'-ee

from 1270; iron-hearted; Barzillai, the name of three

Israelites:--Barzillai.

see HEBREW for 01270

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּרְזִלַּי (bar.zil.lay) — Barzillai.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.17.27

§ Barzillai = "my iron"

1) a Gileadite leader who helped David defeat Absalom's rebellion

2) a priest, son-in-law to Barzillai the Gileadite

3) an Israelite from Mahalath whose son Adriel married Michal, Saul's daughter

בַּרְזִלַּי (bar.zil.lay) — Barzillai.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Sa.21.8;

father of: Adriel (H5741)

§ Barzillai = "my iron"

1) a Gileadite leader who helped David defeat Absalom's rebellion

2) a priest, son-in-law to Barzillai the Gileadite

3) an Israelite from Mahalath whose son Adriel married Michal, Saul's daughter

בַּרְזִלַּי (bar.zil.lay) — Barzillai.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.61

§ Barzillai = "my iron"

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

bar-zil'-a-i, bar-zil'-i (barzillay; Berzelli, "man of iron" (BDB, but compare Cheyne, Encyclopedia Biblica)):

(1) A Gileadite of Rogelim who brought provisions to David and his army to Mahanaim, in their flight from Absalom (2Sa 17:27-29). When David was returning to Jerusalem after Absalom's defeat, Barzillai conducted him over Jordan, but being an old man of 80 years of age, he declined David's invitation to come to live in the capital, and sent instead his son Chimham (2Sa 19:31-39). David before his death charged Solomon to "show kindness unto the sons of Barzillai." (1Ki 2:7). Cheyne in Encyclopedia Biblica, without giving any reason, differentiates this Barzillai from Barzillai the Gileadite (

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Barzillai

Of iron. (1.) A Meholathite, the father of Adriel (2 Sam. 21:8).

(2.) A Gileadite of Rogelim who was distinguished for his loyalty to David. He liberally provided for the king’s followers (2 Sam. 17:27). David on his death-bed, remembering his kindness, commended Barzillai’s children to the care of Solomon (1 Kings 2:7).

(3.) A priest who married a daughter of the preceding (Ezra 2:61).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(iron, i.e., strong). A wealthy Gileadite who showed hospitality to David when he fled form Absalom. (2 Samuel 17:27) (B.C. 1023.) He declined the king’s offer of ending his days at court. (2 Samuel 19:32-39) A Meholathite, whose son Adriel married Michal, Saul’s daughter. (2 Samuel 21:8) (B.C. before 1062.) Son-in-law to Barzillai the Gileadite. (Ezra 2:61; Nehemiah 7:63,64) (B.C. before 536.)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

1. Of Meholah in Simeon; father of Adriel, who married Merab, the daughter of Saul, 1Sa 18:19 2Sa 21:8

2. An aged and wealthy Gileadite, a friend of David when he was in exile during Absalom’s rebellion. He sent a liberal supply of provisions, beds, and other conveniences for the use of the king’s followers, 2Sa 17:27 19:32. On David’s return, Barzillai accompanied him as far as Jordan, but declined, in consequence of his great age, to proceed to Jerusalem, and receive the favors the king had intended for him. David, in his final charge to Solomon, enjoined upon him to show kindness to Barzillai’s family, and to make them members of the royal household, 1Ki 2:7

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
בֵּןson: child×גִּלְעָדִיGileadite×לָקַחto take: take×בַּתBath (Shua)×מֶ֫לֶךְKing's×קוֹץHakkoz×אִשָּׁהwoman×קָרָאto call: call to×
“and he took the king the object marker [the] two [the] sons of Rizpah [the] daughter of Aiah whom she had borne to Saul the object marker Armoni and the object marker Mephibosheth and the object marker [the] five [the] sons of Michal [the] daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel [the] son of Barzillai the Meholathite”
הַמְּחֹלָתִֽי׃ha.me.cho.la.Ti the Meholathite H4259 Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A Mecholathite is someone from Abel-Mecholah, a place possibly named for its dancing, as seen in 1 Samuel 18:19 with Adriel and Barzillai. They were associated with this region. The term refers to the people from this area.
Amplified meaning
a resident of Abel-Mecholah, a place of dancing
Tyndale gloss
Meholathite
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְחֹלָתִי (Mcholathiy) refers to a Mecholathite, an inhabitant of Abel-Mecholah, a place associated with dancing. This term is derived from the root word for 'dancing' and is linked to figures like Adriel and Barzillai, mentioned in 1 Samuel 18:19.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְחֹלָתִי adj.gent. only c. art. the Mĕḥolathite, of ‛Adriel; of Barzillai

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4259 מְחֹלָתִי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4259 Mcholathiy mekh-o-law-thee'

patrial from 65; a Mecholathite or inhabitant of

Abel-Mecholah:--Mecholathite.

see HEBREW for 065

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְחֹלָתִי (me.cho.la.ti) — Meholathite.

Someone descended from Meholath(?), first mentioned at 1Sa.18.19

§ Meholathite = Mehola "of dancing"

1) an inhabitant of a place evidently named 'Meholah'

1a) ascribed to Adriel and Barzillai

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ngmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

me-ho'-la-thit (mecholathi): The Gentiledesignation of Adriel, the son of Barzillai, who married Merab, the daughter of King Saul (1Sa 18:19; 2Sa 21:8), the name Michal in 2Sa 21:8 being doubtless a copyist's error.

See ABEL-MEHOLAH.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ An inhabitant of a city in the territory of Issachar 1Sa 18:19; 2Sa 21:8

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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