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Job 34:20 — Word Study

Depth

WLCרֶ֤גַע׀ יָמֻתוּ֮ וַחֲצ֪וֹת לָ֥יְלָה יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּ עָ֣ם וְיַעֲבֹ֑רוּ וְיָסִ֥ירוּ אַ֝בִּ֗יר לֹ֣א בְיָֽד׃

BSAThey diemûwth [suddenly] in an instantregaʻ in the middlechâtsôwth [midpoint, center] of the nightlayil [period of darkness, adversity] The peopleʻam [nation, community] convulsegâʻash [shake violently, are troubled] and pass awayʻâbar [transition to another state, depart] the mightyʼabbîyr [strong, powerful] are removedçûwr [taken away, departed] withoutlôʼ human handyâd [by no, not by, power, strength]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 34
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 20 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ve.Yad) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 34:20quick helps
In a sentenceJob reflects on the suddenness of death and the fate of the mighty.
Who is speakingJob, speaking about God's impartiality and the fate of people.
Where we areIn a discourse on divine justice and human mortality.
The hard wordרֶ֤גַע
Take awayDeath can come unexpectedly, affecting all, regardless of strength.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectעַם verbמוּת The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 34:20

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Reflection on Mortalitygenerated

19who is not partial to princes and does not favor rich over poor? For they are all the work of His hands.
20They die in an instant, in the middle of the night. The people convulse and pass away; the mighty are removed without human hand.
21For His eyes are on the ways of a man, and He sees his every step.
22There is no darkness or deep shadow where the workers of iniquity can hide.

Job 34:20 conveys the idea that death can occur suddenly, particularly at night, a time often associated with danger or uncertainty. Job emphasizes that both the common people and the mighty face the same fate, illustrating God's impartiality in judgment. This theme resonates throughout the book of Job as it explores the nature of suffering and divine justice.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 73:19How suddenly they are laid waste, completely swept away by terrors!
2Isaiah 30:13this iniquity of yours is like a breach about to fail, a bulge in a high wall, whose collapse will come suddenly— in an instant!
3Isaiah 37:38One day, while he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisroch, his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer put him to the sword and escaped to the land of Ararat. And his son Esar-haddon reigned in his place.
4Daniel 5:30That very night Belshazzar king of the Chaldeans was slain,
5Luke 12:20But God said to him, ‘You fool! This very night your life will be required of you. Then who will own what you have accumulated?’

The Key Word רֶ֤גַע, Re.ga'generated

The word רֶגַע (rega) refers to a very brief period of time, emphasizing the fleeting nature of life. It can denote a moment or instant, highlighting how quickly events can change.

This noun is in the masculine singular form, indicating a specific moment. Its root suggests a connection to the act of winking, further reinforcing the idea of brevity and suddenness.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains multiple clauses, with the finite verb יָמֻתוּ (they die) at the center, governing the overall meaning. The structure emphasizes the suddenness of death and the collective experience of the people.

The first clause introduces the subject of death, while subsequent clauses elaborate on the circumstances surrounding it, creating a cohesive thought about mortality and divine oversight.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יָמֻתוּ as αὐτοῖς, which implies a focus on the individuals facing death. This choice emphasizes the personal aspect of mortality.

The Greek word חָצוֹת is rendered as ἀποβήσεται, indicating a shift or transition, aligning with the Hebrew sense of passing away.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 34:20 tells us that people can die suddenly, especially at night, a time often associated with danger. Job emphasizes that both ordinary people and the mighty face death, showing that no one is exempt from this fate.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that they die suddenly?

It indicates that death can come unexpectedly and without warning, emphasizing the unpredictability of life.

Why mention the middle of the night?

Night symbolizes a time of danger and uncertainty, underscoring the suddenness of death.

What does it imply about the mighty?

It suggests that even those who are strong or powerful are not immune to death, highlighting God's impartiality.

What is the significance of 'without human hand'?

This phrase indicates that death can come without human intervention, emphasizing the sovereignty of God over life and death.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How does the suddenness of death affect how we live our lives?
  2. In what ways can we find comfort in the idea that God is impartial in judgment?
  3. What does this verse teach us about the nature of power and mortality?
  4. How can we prepare ourselves and others for the reality of death?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Gregory the Dialogist comments on this verse, noting the suddenness of death and its implications for the ungodly.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XXV c. 540–604
Suddenly shall they die, and the people shall bow down at midnight, and pass away. However long it be before the ungodly are taken out of this life, they are taken away suddenly, and at an instant,
Early Church Fathers on Job 34 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 34:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

In a moment shall they die,.... Princes as well as the common people, rich men as well as poor; all must and do die, great and small, high and low, kings and peasants, rich and poor men, and

Read John Gill on Job 34 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand. They - "the rich" and "princes" who offend God.

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 34 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

In a moment; whensoever God doth but give the word, and send his summons for them. Shall they, i. e. the rich and the prince, no less than the poor, must submit to the law of death, which God hath imposed upon all men, without exception, and they cannot charge God with injury therein. The people; whole nations or people are no less subject to God’ s power than any particular persons; their numbers cannot secure them from God’ s hand. Troubled, i.e. disturbed and terrified with those calamities which God shall bring upon them. At midnight; suddenly, and when they are most secure. Pass away; either, 1. Go into captivity, or run or flee away they know not whither for their lives. Or, 2. Perish…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 34 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 34:20 In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand.Ver. 20. In a moment shall they die] Be they mean or mighty, they are, when God pleaseth, suddenly swept away by the hand of death; as chess men are into the bag, without distinction of kings, dukes, bishops, or common people. And the people shall be troubled at midnight] As were the Egyptians, when their firstborn were slain in their dead sleep, Exodus 12:29, not without much terror and tumult; and as were the army of Sennacherib, 2 Kings 19:35, and Belshazzar with his Babylon, Daniel 5:30-31. "The people shall be troubled," they shall be shaken…

Read John Trapp on Job 34 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(20) In a moment shall they die—i.e., “they all alike die, rich and poor together; the hour of death is not hastened for the poor nor delayed for the rich. They all alike die.” Even at midnight the people are troubled. . . .—It is hard to think that the writer did not know of Exo 12:29. It is better to read these statements as habitual presents and not as futures: “In a moment they die, even at midnight—the people are shaken and pass away,” &c.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 34 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 20. In a moment shall they die] Both are equally dependent on the Almighty for their breath and being; the mighty as well as the poor. If the great men of the earth have abused their power, he sometimes cuts them off by the most sudden and unexpected death; and even at midnight, when in security, and least capable of defence, they are cut off by the people whom they have oppressed, or by the invisible hand of the angel of death. This appears to be spoken in reference to Eastern tyrants, who seldom die a natural death.

Read AdamClarke on Job 34 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

20–28. God’s strict justice may be seen in His government of the peoples and their princes alike. His justice is unerring, for it is guided by omniscient insight. Punishing oppression, it avenges the cause of the poor and afflicted.

Read Cambridge on Job 34 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

In a moment shall they die - That is, the rich and the great. They pass suddenly off the stage of action.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 34 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

They die in an instant, in the middle of the night. The people convulse and pass away; the mighty are removed without human hand.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

In a moment they die, even at midnight. The people are shaken and pass away. The mighty are taken away without a hand.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

They die in an instant, in the middle of the night. The people convulse and pass away; the mighty are removed without human hand.

NETBNew English Translation2006

In a moment they die, in the middle of the night, people are shaken and they pass away. The mighty are removed effortlessly.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

In a moment they die, even at midnight; The people are shaken and pass away, And the mighty are taken away without hand.

RVARevised Version, American1894

In a moment they die, even at midnight; the people are shaken and pass away, and the mighty are taken away without hand.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

In a moment they shall die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

They shall die suddenly, and the people shalbe troubled at midnight, and they shall passe foorth and take away the mightie without hand.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

In a moment they die, even at midnight the people are convulsed and pass away; and the strong are taken away without hand.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

[In] a moment they die, and at midnight Shake do people, and they pass away, And they remove the mighty without hand.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

[In] a moment they die, || And at midnight people shake, || And they pass away, || And they remove the mighty without hand.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

In a moment will they die, and in the midst of the night; people are moved, and pass away: and the mighty will be removed without a human hand.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

In a moment they will die; at midnight people will be shaken and will pass away; mighty people will be taken away, but not by human hands.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

They shall suddenly die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and they shall pass, and take away the violent without hand.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

They die in a moment; at midnight they shudder and pass away; the mighty are gone without effort.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Suddenly they come to an end, even in the middle of the night: the blow comes on the men of wealth, and they are gone, and the strong are taken away without the hand of man.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseadverbialרֶ֤גַעa.momentverbיָמֻתוּ֮they.dieוַand.[the]clausenoun phrase · adverbialחֲצ֪וֹתmiddleלָ֥יְלָהof.[the].nightverbיְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּthey.are.shakensubjectעָ֣םa.peopleוְandclauseverbיַעֲבֹ֑רוּthey.pass.awayוְandclauseverbיָסִ֥ירוּpeople.removeobjectאַ֝בִּ֗יר[the].mightyprepositional phrase · prepositionalלֹ֣אnotprepositional phraseבְbyיָֽדa.hand

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text (MT) of Job 34:20 reads, "רֶ֤גַע׀ יָמֻתוּ֮ וַחֲצ֪וֹת לָ֥יְלָה יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּ עָ֣ם וְיַעֲבֹ֑רוּ וְיָסִ֥ירוּ אַ֝בִּ֗יר לֹ֣א בְיָֽד׃" The Septuagint, while not providing a direct translation, shows that 8 of the 11 words in the MT are matched in some form, indicating a level of agreement in content, though the exact wording and structure differ. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variants for this verse, so no significant differences are noted from the MT in those witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

רֶ֤גַע׀ יָמֻתוּ֮ וַחֲצ֪וֹת לָ֥יְלָה יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּ עָ֣ם וְיַעֲבֹ֑רוּ וְיָסִ֥ירוּ אַ֝בִּ֗יר לֹ֣א בְיָֽד׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יָמֻתוּ֮αὐτοῖςוַחֲצ֪וֹתἀποβήσεταιעָ֣םἀνδρόςוְיַעֲבֹ֑רוּἐξρήσαντοוְיָסִ֥ירוּγὰρאַ֝בִּ֗ירπαρανόμωςלֹ֣אἐκκλινομένωνבְיָֽד׃ἀδυνάτων

8 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 34:20רֶ֫גַעa momenta momentרֶ֫גַעמוּתthey diethey dieמוּתחָצוֹתand [the] mand [the] middlחָצוֹתלַ֫יְלָה[the] night[the] nightלַ֫יְלָהגָּעַשׁthey are shthey are shakenגָּעַשׁעַםa peoplea peopleעַםעָבַרso they mayso they may pasעָבַרסוּרand people and people may סוּראָבִּיר[the] might[the] mightyאָבִּירלֹאnotnotלֹאיָדby a handby a handיָדרָגַעto disturbto disturbרָגַעחָצָהto divideto divideחָצָהעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםכַּףpalmpalmכַּףלוּלstairsstairsלוּלאָבִירmightymightyאָבִירחָרַדto trembleto trembleחָרַדמְעַטlittlelittleמְעַטרָצַחto murderto murderרָצַחקָבַרto buryto buryקָבַרלַ֫יְלָהnightnightלַ֫יְלָהיוֹמָםby dayby dayיוֹמָםאוֹרto lightto lightאוֹרמוֹסָדfoundationfoundationמוֹסָדרָעַשׁto shaketo shakeרָעַשׁיַרְדֵןJordanJordanיַרְדֵןחָלַץto rescueto rescueחָלַץשְׂמֹאלleftleftשְׂמֹאל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 34:20

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
רֶ֤גַע׀Re.ga' a moment H7281 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a very short space of time, like the blink of an eye. It can be translated as a moment, instant, or suddenly.
Tyndale gloss
moment
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֶ֫גַע (rega) refers to a very brief period of time, translated as 'moment' or 'instant.' It can denote a short space of time, such as 'for a moment' or 'in a moment.' The word is derived from a root meaning 'to wink,' emphasizing its fleeting nature.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֶ֫גַע n.m. a moment

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7281 רֶ֫גַע a moment

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7281 rega` reh'-gah

from 7280. a wink (of the eyes), i.e. a very short space of

time:--instant, moment, space, suddenly.

see HEBREW for 07280

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֶ֫גַע (re.ga) — moment.

1) a moment

adv

2) for a moment, at one moment...at another moment

with prep

3) in a moment

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

mo'-ment (regha`, "a wink"; atomos, "an atom," stigme, "a point," parautika, immediately," "forthwith"): "Moment" is not used in Scripture for a division of time, but for an instant of time, as the wink or twinkling of the eye (Ex 33:5; Nu 16:21,45; La 4:6; 1Co 15:52), or for a short period of time (Job 20:5; Ps 30:5; Isa 26:20; 2Co 4:17). The division of the hour into sixty minutes was certainly known in Babylonia, and the Jews were made acquainted with it, at…

a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
יָמֻתוּ֮ya.mu.Tu they die H4191 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
840× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to die, either literally or as a punishment, and is used in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to perish or be killed. This concept is seen in the story of Adam and Eve, where death enters the world as a result of sin.
Amplified meaning
suddenly
Tyndale gloss
to die
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוּת vb. die

Qal

die, of natural or other causes

die as a penalty = be put to death

Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

Hiph.

abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

subj. God, by inflicting penalty

of animals killing men

bring to a premature death

Hoph. be killed, put to death

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes

. die as a penalty = be put to death

. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

. subj. God, by inflicting penalty

. of animals killing men

. bring to a premature death

. be killed, put to death

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4191 muwth mooth

a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);

causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,

man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,

be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,

slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוּת (mut) — to die.

1) to die, kill, have one executed

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to die

1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death

1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)

1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)

1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch

1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death

1d) (Hophal)

1d1) to be killed, be put to death

1d1a) to die prematurely

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(muth, gawa`; apothnesko, teleutao): "To die," etc., is of very frequent occurrence, and in the Old Testament is generally the translation of muth, meaning perhaps originally, "to be stretched out" or "prostrate." "To die," should be the consequence of eating the forbidden fruit (Ge 2:17; compare Ge 20:7; 2Ki 1:4,6). "Die" is commonly used of natural death (Ge 5:8; 25:8). It is used also of violent death (Ge 26:9,11; Ex 21:20); punitive (Ex 19:12; 21:12,14; 28:43; Nu…

a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
וַחֲצ֪וֹתva.cha.Tzot and [the] middle of H2676 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the middle of something, like the middle of the night. It describes a point halfway between two extremes. The Bible uses it to talk about time.
Amplified meaning
midpoint, center
Tyndale gloss
middle
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חָצוֹת (*chatsowth*) is derived from the root word for 'divide' and primarily means 'middle' or 'division.' It specifically refers to the middle of the night, as noted in Strong's entries. The lexicons consistently emphasize its meaning related to division and the concept of 'mid-' or 'half,' without any significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חָצוֹת] n.f. (Inf. form) division, middle

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2676 [חָצוֹת] (Inf. form) division, middle

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2676 chatsowth khaw-tsoth'

from 2673; the middle (of the night):--mid(-night).

see HEBREW for 02673

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָצוֹת (cha.tsot) — middle.

middle, mid-, half, division

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct
HC/Ncfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
לָ֥יְלָהLa.ye.lah [the] night H3915 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
233× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Night refers to the time of darkness, opposed to day, and can also symbolize adversity or hardship. It is a period of rest, but also of potential danger or uncertainty.
Amplified meaning
period of darkness, adversity
Tyndale gloss
night
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לַ֫יְלָה (layil) means 'night' and is derived from a root that suggests a twist away from light. It encompasses the literal sense of night as opposed to day, as well as figurative uses related to gloom or adversity. The term appears in contexts like Isaiah 21:11.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לַ֫יְלָה, לַ֫יִל 242 n.m. night

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3915 לַ֫יְלָה, לַ֫יִל night

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3915 layil lah'-yil

or (Isa. 21:11) leyl {lale}; also laylah {lah'- yel-aw}; from

the same as 3883; properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e.

night; figuratively, adversity:--((mid-))night (season).

see HEBREW for 03883

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לַ֫יְלָה (lay.lah) — night.

1) night

1a) night (as opposed to day)

1b) of gloom, protective shadow (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

nit.

See DAY AND NIGHT for the natural usage and the various terms.

1. In the Old Testament:

Figurative uses: The word "night" (laylah or layil is sometimes used figuratively in the Old Testament. Thus, Moses compares the brevity of time, the lapse of a thousand years, to "a watch in the night" (Ps 90:4). Adversity is depicted by it in such places as Job 35:10; compare Isa 8:20; Jer 15:9. Disappointment and despair are apparently depicted by it in the "burden of Dumah" (Isa 21:11,12); and spiritual blindness, coming upon the false prophets (Mic 3:6); again sudden and…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[DAY]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The ancient Hebrews began their artificial day at evening, and ended it the next evening, so that the night proceeded the day. This usage may probably be traced to the terms employed in describing the creation, Ge 1:5,8,13, etc., "The evening and the morning were the first day." The Hebrews allowed twelve to the day; but these hours were not equal, except at the equinox. At other times, when the hours of the night were long, those of the day were short, as in winter; and when the hours of night were short, as at midsummer, the hours of the day were long in proportion. See HOURS.

The nights are sometimes extremely cold in Syria, when the days are very hot; and travelers in the deserts and among the mountains near Palestine refer to their own sufferings from these opposite extremes, in illustration of Jacob’s words in

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 1:5,16,18

→ Meditations in Ps 19:2; 77:6; 119:148; 139:11

→ Worship in Ps 134:1

→ Jesus prays all night Lu 6:12

→ No night in heaven Re 21:25; 22:5

→ Divided into watches Ex 14:24; Jud 7:19; 1Sa 11:11; Ne 12:9; Ps 63:6; 119:148; La 2:19;

a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּye.go.'a.Shu they are shaken H1607 Verb · Pual · imperfect third person masculine plural
9× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to shake or agitate violently, and can describe natural events like earthquakes or the turmoil of the sea. It is used to convey a sense of intense movement or instability.
Amplified meaning
shake violently, are troubled
Tyndale gloss
to shake
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּעַשׁ (ga`ash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to shake or quake. It encompasses various forms, including shaking violently, being convulsed, and reeling back and forth. The word appears in contexts related to agitation or disturbance, particularly in the Qal and Pual forms, indicating both active shaking and a state of being shaken.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[גָּעַשׁ] vb. shake, quake

Qal quake of earth at theoph.

Pu. be shaken up, convulsed

Hithp. shake back and forth, toss or reel to and fro

Hithpo. reel to and fro

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1607 גָּעַשׁ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1607 ga`ash gaw-ash'

a primitive root to agitate violently:--move, shake, toss,

trouble.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּעַשׁ (ga.ash) — to shake.

1) to shake, quake

1a) (Qal) to shake

1b) (Pual) to be shaken up, convulsed

1c) (Hithpael) to shake back and forth, toss or reel to and fro

1d) (Hithpoel) to reel to and fro

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Pual-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Pual · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVPi3mp
a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
עָ֣ם'am a people H5971 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1,873× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Amplified meaning
nation, community
Tyndale gloss
Amaw
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people

a people, nation

= smaller units

= common people

people in gen., persons

phrases

base

[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5971 `am am

from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a

tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or

attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,

people.

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַם (am) — people.

: people/nation

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — kinsman.

kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Ammi.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — People's (Gate).

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.

Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Amaw.

This name means nation, people

עַם (am) — people: soldiers.

: soldiers/army

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — people: creatures.

: creatures

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…

a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
וְיַעֲבֹ֑רוּve.ya.'a.Vo.ru so they may pass away H5674 Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
556× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb can mean to cross over or transition from one thing to another, and is sometimes used to describe being arrogant or crossing a boundary.
Amplified meaning
transition to another state, depart
Tyndale gloss
to pass
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on

Qal

pass over

Pass beyond

Pass through, traverse

pass along by

pass by

sweep by, of scourge

be past, over, of time

pass along (from hand to hand)

Pass on, go on

Pass away

Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

Pi.

his bull impregnateth

cause one to cross river

cause something to pass over

make over to

devote children to (לְ) heathen god

pass along (from hand to hand)

cause to pass through

let pass through

cause to pass by

let pass by

cause arrow to pass beyond

cause to pass under rod, for counting

cause to pass away, take away

Hiph.

cause to pass over, bring over

he made to pass across with chains of gold

base

[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over

. Pass beyond

. Pass through, traverse

. . pass along by

. pass by

. sweep by, of scourge

. be past, over, of time

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. Pass on, go on

. Pass away

. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river

. cause something to pass over

. make over to

. devote children to (לְ) heathen god

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. . cause to pass through

. let pass through

. . cause to pass by

. let pass by

. cause arrow to pass beyond

. cause to pass under rod, for counting

. cause to pass away, take away

. . cause to pass over, bring over

. he made to pass across with chains of gold

H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5674 `abar aw-bar'

a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any

transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,

intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,

through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),

convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,

gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,

in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,

overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)

pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,

through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,

provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,

send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X

speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)

transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be

wrath.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.

1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over

1a2) to pass beyond

1a3) to pass through, traverse

1a3a) passers-through (participle)

1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)

1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by

1a4a) passer-by (participle)

1a4b) to be past, be over

1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance

1a6) to pass away

1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)

1a6b) to vanish

1a6c) to perish, cease to exist

1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)

1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands

1b) (Niphal) to be crossed

1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross

1d) (Hiphil)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
HC/Vqu3mp
a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
וְיָסִ֥ירוּve·ya·Si·ru and people may remove H5493 Conjunction · verb hiphil third person masculine plural
300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To turn aside or remove is the meaning of this verb, used in various forms throughout the Bible. It can mean to depart, avoid, or put something away, and is often used in the context of turning away from sin or wrongdoing, as seen in the actions of prophets and leaders in the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
taken away, departed
Tyndale gloss
to turn aside: remove
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סוּר (sur) is a Hebrew verb meaning to turn aside or depart. It encompasses a range of actions including removal, avoidance, and coming to an end. The word can be used in various forms, such as causing something to turn aside or be taken away. It appears in contexts involving both literal and figurative departures.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סוּר and [שׂוּר] 300 vb. turn aside

Qal

turn aside, out of one's course

depart

of lifeless things = be removed

= come to an end

Pô‛lēl he turned aside my ways (my steps)

Hiph.

cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away

rarer uses

Pô‛lēl be taken away, removed

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5493 סוּר, שׂוּר turn aside .. turn aside, out of one's course

. depart

. of lifeless things = be removed

. = come to an end

.he turned aside my ways (my steps)

. . cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away

. rarer uses

.be taken away, removed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5493 cuwr soor

or suwr (Hosea 9:12) {soor}; a primitive root; to turn off

(literal or figurative):--be(-head), bring, call back,

decline, depart, eschew, get (you), go (aside), X grievous,

lay away (by), leave undone, be past, pluck away, put (away,

down), rebel, remove (to and fro), revolt, X be sour, take

(away, off), turn (aside, away, in), withdraw, be without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: remove.

: remove

1) to turn aside, depart

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn aside, turn in unto

1a2) to depart, depart from way, avoid

1a3) to be removed

1a4) to come to an end

1b) (Polel) to turn aside

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to turn aside, cause to depart, remove, take away, put away, depose

1c2) to put aside, leave undone, retract, reject, abolish

1d) (Hophal) to be taken away, be removed

סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: depart.

: depart

1) to turn aside, depart

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn aside, turn in unto

1a2) to depart, depart from way, avoid

1a3) to be removed

1a4) to come to an end

1b) (Polel) to turn aside

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to turn aside, cause to depart, remove, take away, put away, depose

1c2) to put aside, leave undone, retract, reject, abolish

1d) (Hophal) to be taken away, be removed

סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: turn aside.

: turn_aside/deflect

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-Imperf-3mp — Conjunction · verb hiphil third person masculine plural
HC/Vhu3mp
a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
אַ֝בִּ֗יר'a.Bir [the] mighty H47 Adj
17× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A term used to describe something or someone as mighty or strong, often referring to God or powerful animals. In the Bible, it is used to describe God's power, like in Genesis 49:24, and strong animals, like oxen.
Amplified meaning
strong, powerful
Tyndale gloss
mighty: ox
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָבִּיר (abbiyr) means mighty or valiant, and can refer to men, angels, or animals. It also has metaphorical uses, describing enemies, princes, or sacrificial objects. The word can imply strength or obstinacy, and is associated with concepts of power in various contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָבִּיר adj. mighty, valiant

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H47 אָבִּיר mighty, valiant

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

47 'abbiyr ab-beer'

for 46; --angel, bull, chiefest, mighty (one),

stout(-hearted), strong (one), valiant.

see HEBREW for 046

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: ox.

1) mighty, valiant

1a) of men

1b) of angels

1c) of animals

1d) (metaph)

1d1) of enemies

1d2) of princes

1d3) of sacrificial objects

1e) obstinate (fig.)

אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: stallion.

1) mighty, valiant

1a) of men

1b) of angels

1c) of animals

1d) (metaph)

1d1) of enemies

1d2) of princes

1d3) of sacrificial objects

1e) obstinate (fig.)

אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: strong.

1) mighty, valiant

1a) of men

1b) of angels

1c) of animals

1d) (metaph)

1d1) of enemies

1d2) of princes

1d3) of sacrificial objects

1e) obstinate (fig.)

אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: angel.

1) mighty, valiant

1a) of men

1b) of angels

1c) of animals

1d) (metaph)

1d1) of enemies

1d2) of princes

1d3) of sacrificial objects

1e) obstinate (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAamsa
a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
לֹ֣אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
a moment they die and [the] middle of [the] night they are shaken a people so they may pass away and people may remove [the] mighty not by a hand
בְיָֽד׃ve.Yad by a hand H3027 Preposition · noun common both singular absolute
1,619× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, 'yad' refers to an open hand, symbolizing power or direction. It can also mean strength or a part of something, like a side or a share. The word is used in many contexts, including anatomy and everyday life.
Amplified meaning
by no, not by, power, strength
Tyndale gloss
hand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָד 1604 n.f. hand

hand

Fig. = strength, power

Fig. = side

יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—

sign, monument

part, fractional part or share

time, repetition

axle-trees

stays, supports for laver

tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle

a (beckoning) hand

יַד with prep.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3027 יָד hand . hand

. Fig. = strength, power

. Fig. = side

. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument

. part, fractional part or share

. time, repetition

. axle-trees

. stays, supports for laver

. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle

. a (beckoning) hand

. יַד with prep.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3027 yad yawd

a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,

means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed

one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of

applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate

and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,

at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,

(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +

creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,

force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,

labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,

ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,

power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,

draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by

them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,

+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָד (yad) — hand.

: hand/arm[anatomy]

1) hand

1a) hand (of man)

1b) strength, power (fig.)

1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)

1d) (various special, technical senses)

1d1) sign, monument

1d2) part, fractional part, share

1d3) time, repetition

1d4) axle-trees, axle

1d5) stays, support (for laver)

1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)

1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)

1d8) wrists

יָד (yad) — hand: power.

: hand/arm[anatomy]

1) hand

1a) hand (of man)

1b) strength, power (fig.)

1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)

1d) (various special, technical senses)

1d1) sign, monument

1d2) part, fractional part, share

1d3) time, repetition

1d4) axle-trees, axle

1d5) stays, support (for laver)

1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)

1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)

1d8) wrists

יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.

: hand/arm[anatomy]

1) hand

1a) hand (of man)

1b) strength, power (fig.)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common both singular absolute
HR/Ncbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(yadh, "hand"; kaph, "the hollow hand," "palm"; yamin, "the right hand"; semo'l, "the left hand"; cheir, "hand"; dexia, "the right hand"; aristera, "the left hand" (only Lu 23:33; 2Co 6:7), or euphemistically (for evil omens come from the left hand; compare Latin sinister, German linkisch, etc.); euonumos, literally, "having a good name"): The Hebrew words are used in a large variety of idiomatic expressions, part of which have passed into the Greek (through the Sepuagint) and into modern European languages (through the translations of the Bible; see Oxford Hebrew Lexicon, under the word "yadh"). We group what has to be said about the word under the following heads:

1. The Human Hand: Various Uses:

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Hand

Called by Galen “the instrument of instruments.” It is the symbol of human action (Ps. 9:16; Job 9:30; Isa. 1:15; 1 Tim. 2:8). Washing the hands was a symbol of innocence (Ps. 26:6; 73:13; Matt. 27:24), also of sanctification (1 Cor. 6:11; Isa. 51:16; Ps. 24:3, 4). In Ps. 77:2 the correct rendering is, as in the Revised Version, “My hand was stretched…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Often put of strength, power; so to be "in the hand" of any one, is to be in his power. Joining hands, or striking hands, is a very common method of pledging one’s self to a contract or bargain; just as persons among us often shake hands in token of an agreement. To "lift the hand," means to make oath. "At the right hand of God," is the place of honor, power, and happiness, Ps 16:11 45:9 110:1 Mt 26:64 Col 3:1. The right hand meant towards the south, the Jews being wont to speak as if facing the east. The "laying on of hands," signified consecration to office, and the bestowal of a blessing or of divine gifts, Ge 48:14 Nu…

→ Imposition of hands Heb 6:2

→ In consecration Ge 48:14; Ex 29:10,15,19; Le 1:4; 3:2,8,13; 4:15,24,33; 16:21

→ In ordaining the Levites Nu 8:10,11

→ Joshua Nu 27:18-23; De 34:9

→ Timothy 1Ti 4:14; 2Ti 1:6

→ In healing Mr 6:5; 7:32; 16:18; Lu 4:40; Ac…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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