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Zephaniah 2:14 — Word Study

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WLCוְרָבְצ֨וּ בְתוֹכָ֤הּ עֲדָרִים֙ כָּל־ חַיְתוֹ־ ג֔וֹי גַּם־ קָאַת֙ גַּם־ קִפֹּ֔ד בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ יָלִ֑ינוּ ק֠וֹל יְשׁוֹרֵ֤ר בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ חֹ֣רֶב בַּסַּ֔ף כִּ֥י אַרְזָ֖ה עֵרָֽה׃

BSAHerdsʻêder [flocks of sheep and cattle, all the beasts of the nations] will lie downrâbats [rest, stretch out] in her midsttâvek [center, middle of the city] creatureschay [living beings, animals] of every kindkôl [all the beasts of the nations] Bothgam the desert owlqâʼath [pelican, cormorant] andgam screech owlqippôwd [bittern, porcupine] will roostlûwn [lodge, make their living-places] atop her [pillars]kaphtôr [upper lintels, capitals] Their callsqôwl [voice, sound] will soundshîyr [sing, cry out] from the windowchallôwn [hole in the wall] but desolationchôreb [drought, ruin] will lie on the thresholdçaph [door sill, post] forkîy He will exposeʻârâh [uncover, lay bare] the beams of cedarʼarzâh [cedar work, valuable wood]

Word
Listen & take awayZephaniah 2
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 14 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('e.Rah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Zephaniah 2:14quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse paints a picture of desolation in a once-thriving city, where herds and creatures gather amidst ruins.
Who is speakingThe prophet Zephaniah, conveying God's judgment.
Where we areA prophecy about the fate of a city, illustrating its desolation.
The hard wordעֵרָה
Take awayDesolation will reign where life once flourished.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectלין verbרָבַץ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 20 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Zephaniah 2:14

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Prophecy of Zephaniahgenerated

12“You too, O Cushites, will be slain by My sword.”
13And He will stretch out His hand against the north and destroy Assyria; He will make Nineveh a desolation, as dry as a desert.
14Herds will lie down in her midst, creatures of every kind. Both the desert owl and screech owl will roost atop her pillars. Their calls will sound from the window, but desolation will lie on the threshold, for He will expose the beams of cedar.
15This carefree city that dwells securely, that thinks to herself: “I am it, and there is none besides me,” what a ruin she has become, a resting place for beasts. Everyone who passes by her hisses and shakes his fist.

Zephaniah 2:14 describes the desolation of a city where herds and creatures of every kind will lie down. This imagery reflects the aftermath of divine judgment, as seen in the surrounding verses that outline God's wrath against nations and cities, emphasizing themes of ruin and abandonment. The prophecy serves as a warning and a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, with references to similar judgments in Isaiah 13:19-22 and Amos 9:1.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Zephaniah 2:6So the seacoast will become a land of pastures, with wells for shepherds and folds for sheep.
2Isaiah 13:19–22And Babylon, the jewel of the kingdoms, the glory of the pride of the Chaldeans, will be overthrown by God like Sodom and Gomorrah.
3Isaiah 34:11–17The desert owl and screech owl will possess it, and the great owl and raven will dwell in it. The LORD will stretch out over Edom a measuring line of chaos and a plumb line of destruction.
4Revelation 18:2And he cried out in a mighty voice: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a lair for demons and a haunt for every unclean spirit, every unclean bird, and every detestable beast.
5Amos 9:1I saw the Lord standing beside the altar, and He said: “Strike the tops of the pillars so that the thresholds shake. Topple them on the heads of all the people, and I will kill the rest with the sword. None of those who flee will get away; none of the fugitives will escape.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

commorantAmos 9:1
the cedarJeremiah 22:14

The Key Word רָבַץ, ve.ra.ve.Tzugenerated

The verb רָבַץ (rabatz) means to lie down or stretch out, often used to describe animals resting. It conveys a sense of both physical repose and lurking, as in Exodus 23:5, where it suggests a waiting or hidden presence.

In this verse, it illustrates how herds will find rest in the midst of desolation, highlighting the stark contrast between life and the surrounding ruin. The parsing indicates it is a sequential perfect verb, suggesting an action that will occur in the future, emphasizing the certainty of this desolate scene.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וְרָבְצ֨וּ (and they will lie down) governs the entire verse, with multiple phrases detailing what will happen and where. The structure emphasizes the gathering of herds and creatures in a place that has become desolate.

The sentence flows from a description of the herds to the specifics of the creatures and their actions, culminating in the stark contrast of desolation that will lie on the threshold.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint uses νεμήσονται to translate רָבַץ, which means 'they will lie down.' This choice aligns with the imagery of animals resting, but it also carries a sense of habitation, suggesting a deeper connection to the land.

The choice of θηρία for חַיְתוֹ־ indicates a broader interpretation of creatures, encompassing not just domestic animals but also wild ones, reflecting the desolation's impact on all forms of life.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Zephaniah 2:14 describes a desolate city where herds and all kinds of creatures will lie down. The desert owl and the hedgehog will roost on the pillars, and their calls will echo from the windows. However, desolation will be present at the threshold, as God will expose the cedar beams.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the imagery of herds lying down signify?

The imagery suggests a transition from a bustling city to a place of desolation, where even animals find rest amidst ruins.

Why are specific animals mentioned in this verse?

The mention of the desert owl and hedgehog highlights the desolate state of the city, indicating that only certain creatures can thrive in such an environment.

What does the term 'desolation' imply in this context?

Desolation refers to a state of emptiness and ruin, often resulting from divine judgment, emphasizing the consequences of sin.

How does this verse connect to other prophetic literature?

This verse echoes themes found in other prophetic texts, such as Isaiah and Amos, which also describe the downfall of cities and the desolation that follows God's judgment.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does the image of herds lying down in desolation teach us about the consequences of turning away from God?
  2. How can we see parallels between this prophecy and the state of our own communities today?
  3. In what ways does the mention of specific creatures enhance our understanding of the desolation described?
  4. What steps can we take to ensure we are not part of the desolation that comes from disobedience?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Zephaniah 2:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her,.... In the midst of the city of Nineveh; in the streets of it, where houses stood, and people in great numbers walked; but now only should be seen the

Read John Gill on Zephaniah 2 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows;

Read Robert Jamieson on Zephaniah 2 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Nineveh shall be so razed that flocks of cattle shall lie down in the midst of it, as before of the Philistines, . All the beasts of the nations; all sorts of beasts which are found in those countries, the tame under the girard of watching shepherds, and wild ones seeking their prey, will attend about those places. The cormorant and the bittern; birds that are solitary, and delight in desolate places, in reedy fens, where they seek their food, and are looked on as unlucky birds. Shall lodge in the upper lintels; shall either make their nests there, or seek and choose their lodging there; they shall roost there in the night upon the pillars, or turrets, or pinnacles. Their voice shall sing…

Read Matthew Poole on Zephaniah 2 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Zephaniah 2:14 And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; [their] voice shall sing in the windows; desolation [shall be] in the thresholds: for he shall uncover the cedar work.Ver. 14. And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, &c.] Here are various and vehement expressions of the dreadful face of her desolations. Omnia congerit quae vastitatem horribilem denotare solent, saith Gualther, because it was held a thing almost impossible that Nineveh should be destroyed. Hence that admiration of bystanders and beholders, Zephaniah 2:15. But what can be impossible to the Almighty? and…

Read John Trapp on Zephaniah 2 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(14) Both the cormorant. . . .—Better, Both the pelican and the hedgehog shall lodge on her pillar capitals, these lying strewn upon the ground. Their voice.—Better, The voice [of the bird] shall sing in the windows. “In the midst of the desolation, the muteness of the hedgehog, and the pensive loneliness of the solitary pelican, the musing spectator is startled by the glad strain of some song bird, unconscious that it is sitting in the windows of those at whose name the world grew pale” (Pusey). This description of desolation extends even to the cedar panelling of the roofless walls, which is to be laid open to wind and rain.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Zephaniah 2 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 14. And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her] Nineveh was so completely destroyed, that its situation is not at present even known. The present city of Mossoul is supposed to be in the vicinity of the place where this ancient city stood. The cormorant קאת kaath; and the bittern, קפד kippod. These Newcome translates, "The pelican and the porcupine." Their voice shall sing in the windows] The windows shall be all demolished; wild fowl shall build their nests in them, and shall be seen coming from their sills, and the fine cedar ceilings shall be exposed to the weather, and by and by crumble to dust. See the note on Isaiah 34:11; Isaiah 34:14, where nearly the same terms are used. I…

Read AdamClarke on Zephaniah 2 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

14. all the beasts of the nations] Sept. all the beasts of the earth, as the phrase usually runs (Genesis 1:24; Psalms 79:2), or beasts of the field. The phrase seems to stand in apposition to flocks, the idea of which it expands. The word “flocks” seems nowhere to be used of wild creatures, but always of those tended by the shepherd. The term “beasts” is generally used of wild creatures, but in Isaiah 46:1 it is used of tame animals, and elsewhere of creatures in general. The term nation (here sing.) is used of locusts (Joe 1:6), just as “people” is used of the ants and conies (Proverbs 30:25-26), and many assume that it is so used here, rendering, all kinds of animals in crowds (Keil…

Read Cambridge on Zephaniah 2 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her - No desolation is like that of decayed luxury.

Read Albert Barnes on Zephaniah 2 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Herds will lie down in her midst, creatures of every kind. Both the desert owl and screech owl will roost atop her pillars. Their calls will sound from the window, but desolation will lie on the threshold, for He will expose the beams of cedar.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Herds will lie down in the middle of her, all kinds of animals. Both the pelican and the porcupine will lodge in its capitals. Their calls will echo through the windows. Desolation will be in the thresholds, for he has laid bare the cedar beams.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Herds will lie down in her midst, creatures of every kind. Both the desert owl and screech owl will roost atop her pillars. Their calls will sound from the window, but desolation will lie on the threshold, for He will expose the beams of cedar.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Flocks and herds will lie down in the middle of it, as well as every kind of wild animal. Owls will sleep in the tops of its support pillars; they will hoot through the windows. Rubble will cover the thresholds; even the cedar work will be exposed to the elements.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds: for he shall uncover the cedar work.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And herds shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the pelican and the porcupine shall lodge in the capitals thereof; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds: for he hath laid bare the cedar-work.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And herds shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the pelican and the porcupine shall lodge in the chapiters thereof: their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds; for he hath laid bare the cedar work.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the threshholds: for he shall uncover the cedar work.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And flockes shall lie in the middes of her, and all the beastes of the nations, and the pelicane, and the owle shall abide in the vpper postes of it: the voyce of birdes shall sing in the windowes, and desolations shalbe vpon the postes: for the cedars are vncouered.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the crowd of beasts; both the pelican and the bittern shall lodge in the chapiters thereof; a voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be on the thresholds: for he hath laid bare the cedar work.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And crouched in her midst have droves, Every beast of the nation, Both pelican and hedge-hog in her knobs lodge, A voice doth sing at the window, 'Destruction [is] at the threshold, For the cedar-work is exposed.'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And droves have crouched in her midst, || Every beast of the nation, || Both pelican and hedgehog lodge in her knobs, || A voice sings at the window, || “Destruction [is] at the threshold, || For the cedar-work is exposed.”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And there shall lie down in the midst of her flocks, all the beasts of the nations; both the pelican and the hedgehog shall lodge in the capitals of her columns; singing-birds shall sing in the windows; ruin shall be on the thresholds; for the cedar wainscoting shall be torn away.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Then herds will lie down there, every animal of the nations, both the desert owl and the screech owl will rest in the top of her columns. A call will sing out from the windows; rubble will be in the doorways; her carved cedar beams will be exposed.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And flocks shall lie down in the midst thereof, all the beasts of the nations: and the bittern and the urchin shall lodge in the threshold thereof: the voice of the singing bird in the window, the raven on the upper post, for I will consume her strength.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Herds will lie down in the middle of the city. It will become the home for every kind of wild animal. Eagle owls and screech owls will roost on its columns. Their calls will echo through the windows. Rubble will block the doors, and the cedar woodwork will be exposed.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And herds will take their rest in the middle of her, all the beasts of the valley: the pelican and the porcupine will make their living-places on the tops of its pillars; the owl will be crying in the window; the raven will be seen on the doorstep.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbרָבְצ֨וּthey.will.lie.downprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְinnoun phraseתוֹכָ֤the.midstהּof.itnoun phrase · subjectעֲדָרִים֙herdsnoun phraseכָּלeverynoun phrasenoun phraseחַיְתanimalוֹhisג֔וֹיof.a.nationclausenoun phrase · subjectגַּםbothקָאַת֙desert.owlגַּםas.well.asקִפֹּ֔דhedgehogprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּonnoun phraseכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יcapitalsהָitsverbיָלִ֑ינוּthey.will.spend.the.nightclausesubjectק֠וֹלa.soundverbיְשׁוֹרֵ֤רit.will.singprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּֽinnoun phrasetheחַלּוֹן֙windowclausesubjectחֹ֣רֶבdesolationprepositional phrase · predicateבַּ[willnoun phrasebe]סַּ֔ףon.the.thresholdכִּ֥י(dm)clauseobjectאַרְזָ֖הcedar-workverbעֵרָֽהhe.will.lay.bare

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text of Zephaniah 2:14 describes animals lying down in the midst of a desolate place, specifically mentioning the desert owl and screech owl roosting atop pillars, with their calls echoing from the window and desolation at the threshold. The Septuagint aligns closely with the Masoretic Text, matching 17 of the 20 words, although it presents them in a different order and structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q77 and Mur88) also reflect the Masoretic Text's content but contain some words that are partly restored or supplied by an editor, indicating minor variations in preservation. Overall, the primary witnesses agree on the imagery and themes, though the exact wording and structure may differ slightly.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְרָבְצ֨וּ בְתוֹכָ֤הּ עֲדָרִים֙ כָּל־ חַיְתוֹ־ ג֔וֹי גַּם־ קָאַת֙ גַּם־ קִפֹּ֔ד בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ יָלִ֑ינוּ ק֠וֹל יְשׁוֹרֵ֤ר בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ חֹ֣רֶב בַּסַּ֔ף כִּ֥י אַרְזָ֖ה עֵרָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְרָבְצ֨וּνεμήσονταιבְתוֹכָ֤הּαὐτῆςעֲדָרִים֙ποίμνιαכָּל־πάνταחַיְתוֹ־τὰג֔וֹיθηρίαגַּם־γῆςקָאַת֙καὶגַּם־ξαμαιλέοντεςקִפֹּ֔דκαὶבְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָἐνיָלִ֑ינוּτοῖςק֠וֹלκοιτασθήσονταιבַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ἐνבַּסַּ֔ףἐνאַרְזָ֖הδιότιעֵרָֽה׃κέδρος

17 of the 20 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q77a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ורבצו] בתוכ׳ה [עדרים] [כל] [חית׳ו] [גוי] [גם] [קאת] [גם] [קפד] בכפתורי׳ה ילינו [קול] [ישורר] [בחלון] [חרב] [בסף] [כי] ארזה ערה

4 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 15 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mur88a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ורבצו] [בתוכ׳ה] עדרים כל חית׳ו גוי [גם] [קאת] [גם] [קפד] [בכפתרי׳ה] [ילינו] [קול] [ישורר] בחלון חרב בסף כי ארזה ערה

8 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 10 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Zephaniah 2:14רָבַץand they wiand they will lרָבַץתָּ֫וֶךְin [the] miin [the] midst תָּ֫וֶךְעֵ֫דֶרherdsherdsעֵ֫דֶרכֹּלeveryeveryכֹּלחַיanimal ofanimal ofחַיגּוֹיa nationa nationגּוֹיגַּםbothbothגַּםקָאַתdesert owldesert owlקָאַתגַּםas well asas well asגַּםקִפֹּדhedgehoghedgehogקִפֹּדכַּפְתּוֹרon capitalson capitals itsכַּפְתּוֹרלוּןthey will sthey will spendלוּןקוֹלa sounda soundקוֹלשִׁירit will sinit will singשִׁירחַלּוֹןin the windin the windowחַלּוֹןחֹ֫רֶבdesolationdesolationחֹ֫רֶבסַף[will be] o[will be] on thסַףכִּיforforכִּיאַרְזָהcedar-workcedar-workאַרְזָהעָרָהhe will layhe will lay barעָרָהעָדַרto helpto helpעָדַרכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלחָיָהto liveto liveחָיָהקִיאto vomitto vomitקִיאקָפַדto rollto rollקָפַדספףstand at ostand at or guaספףגֵּוָהbackbackגֵּוָהשׁוּרto travelto travelשׁוּרשׁוּרto seeto seeשׁוּרחֶ֫רֶבswordswordחֶ֫רֶבאֶ֫רֶזcedarcedarאֶ֫רֶזעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהתְּמוֹלyesterdayyesterdayתְּמוֹלשִׁלְשֹׁםthree daysthree days agoשִׁלְשֹׁםנָוֶהpasturepastureנָוֶהעֵ֫דֶרflockflockעֵ֫דֶרגֵּרsojournersojournerגֵּרגּוּרto sojournto sojournגּוּר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Zephaniah 2:14

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
וְרָבְצ֨וּve.ra.ve.Tzu and they will lie down H7257 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common plural
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To stretch or lie down, like an animal, and can imply resting or lurking, as in Exodus 23:5.
Amplified meaning
rest, stretch out
Tyndale gloss
to stretch
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָבַץ (rabats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stretch out or lie down. It encompasses actions like reclining, brooding, or lurking, and can imply causing something to lie down as well. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָבַץ vb. stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

Qal lie down, lie

Hiph. cause to lie down, or lie

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7257 רָבַץ stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7257 rabats raw-bats'

a primitive root; to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a

recumbent animal); be implication, to recline, repose, brood,

lurk, imbed:--crouch (down), fall down, make a fold, lay,

(cause to, make to) lie (down), make to rest, sit.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָבַץ (ra.vats) — to stretch.

1) to stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

1a) (Qal) to lie down, lie

1b)(Hiphil) to cause to lie down

1b1) laying (stones)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common plural
Hc/Vqq3cp
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
בְתוֹכָ֤הּve.to.Khah in [the] midst of it H8432 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
418× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the middle or center of something, such as a group of people or a physical space. It can also mean among or between things, as seen in various Bible translations.
Amplified meaning
center, middle of the city
Tyndale gloss
midst
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תָּ֫וֶךְ (tavek) means 'midst' or 'middle,' indicating a central position or location. It can also imply being 'among' or 'between' things, particularly in contexts involving separation or division. The term appears in various forms, such as 'into' or 'through,' especially after verbs of motion.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תָּ֫וֶךְ 416 subst. midst

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8432 תָּ֫וֶךְ subst. midst

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8432 tavek taw'-vek

from an unused root meaning to sever; a bisection, i.e. (by

implication) the centre:--among(-st), X between, half, X

(there- ,where-), in(-to), middle, mid(-night), midst (among),

X out (of), X through, X with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תָּ֫וֶךְ (ta.vekh) — midst.

1) midst, middle

1a) midst, middle

1b) into, through (after verbs of motion)

1c) among (of a number of persons)

1d) between (of things arranged by twos)

1e) from among (as to take or separate etc)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3fs
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
עֲדָרִים֙'a.da.Rim herds H5739 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
38× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A flock refers to a group of animals, like sheep or cattle, that are herded together. In the Bible, it can also mean a herd or a drove of animals. This term is used to describe various scenes in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
flocks of sheep and cattle, all the beasts of the nations
Tyndale gloss
flock
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵ֫דֶר (eder) refers to a flock or herd of animals. It is derived from a root meaning to arrange or muster, indicating a gathering of livestock. The term encompasses both flocks and herds, highlighting its use in contexts related to groups of animals.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵ֫דֶר n.m. flock, herd

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5739 עֵ֫דֶר flock, herd

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5739 `eder ay'-der

from 5737; an arrangement, i.e. muster (of animals):--drove,

flock, herd.

see HEBREW for 05737

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵ֫דֶר (e.der) — flock.

1) flock, herd

1a) flock

1b) herds, flocks and herds

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
כָּל־kol- every H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
all the beasts of the nations
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
חַיְתוֹ־chay.tov- animal of H2416 Noun common · feminine singular construct
498× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means life or being alive. It can refer to physical life, like in Genesis 1:20, or spiritual life, like in Psalm 30:5.
Amplified meaning
living beings, animals
Tyndale gloss
alive
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חַי (*chay*) means 'alive' or 'living' and covers a range of meanings related to life, including living beings, vitality, and freshness. It can refer to God, animals, vegetation, and even concepts like appetite and community. Variants include חַיָּה (*chayyah*), meaning 'living thing' or 'animal,' and חַיִּים (*chayim*), which emphasizes life and sustenance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַי adj. alive, living

of God, as the living one, the fountain of life

of man

of animals, alive, living

animals and man

(dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green

of water, fresh

(dub.) lively, active

reviving

base

[חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk, pl. sf. 1 S 18:18

ref

חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal

animal

in general

wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity

living beings, of the cherubic chariot

life, only in late poetry

appetite, activity of hunger

revival, renewal

base

חַיָּה n.f. community

base

חַיִּים n.m. pl. abstr. emph. life

life: physical

life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence

sustenance, maintenance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2416a חַי alive, living . . of God, as the living one, the fountain of life

. of man

. of animals, alive, living

. animals and man

. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green

. of water, fresh

. (dub.) lively, active

. reviving

H2416b חַי kinsfolk H2416c חַיָּה living thing, animal . animal . in general

. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity

. living beings, of the cherubic chariot

. life, only in late poetry

. appetite, activity of hunger

. revival, renewal

H2416d חַיָּה community H2416e חַיִּים pl. abstr. emph. life . life: physical

. life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence

. sustenance, maintenance

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2416 chay khah'-ee

from 2421; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water,

year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine

singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether

literally or figuratively:--+ age, alive, appetite, (wild)

beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living

(creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be)

old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

see HEBREW for 02421

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַי (chay) — alive.

adj

1) living, alive

1a) green (of vegetation)

1b) flowing, fresh (of water)

1c) lively, active (of man)

1d) reviving (of the springtime)

Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)

חַי (chay) — kinsfolk.

kinsfolk

חַיָּה (chay.yah) — living thing.

1) living thing, animal

1a) animal

1b) life

1c) appetite

1d) revival, renewal

Aramaic equivalent: che.va (חֵיוָא "beast" H2423)

חַיָּה (chay.yah) — community.

community

חַיִּים (chay.yim) — life.

1) life (abstract emphatic)

1a) life

1b) sustenance, maintenance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
ג֔וֹיGoy a nation H1471 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
561× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a Gentile, someone who is not Hebrew or Israeli. It can also describe a large group of animals or a nation of people, emphasizing their unity and shared identity.
Tyndale gloss
Gentile
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people

base

גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1471 gowy go'-ee

rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same

root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;

hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a

flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.

see HEBREW for 01465

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גּוֹי (goy) — nation.

1) nation, people

1a) nation, people

1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people

1a2) of descendants of Abraham

1a3) of Israel

1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)

גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.

People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1

§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)

גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.

1) nation, people

1a) nation, people

1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people

1a2) of descendants of Abraham

1a3) of Israel

1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)

1c) Goyim? = "nations"

Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)

גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.

Goyim (Tidgal, king of)

Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ Sins of Isa 30:1,2

→ Chastised Isa 14:26,27; Jer 5:29; 18:6-10; 25:12-33; Eze 2:3-5; 39:23,24; Da 7:9-12; 9:3-16; Ho 7:12; Joe 1:1-20; Am 9:9; Zep 3:6,8

→ Perish Ps 9:17; Isa 60:12

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
גַּם־gam- both H1571 Adverb
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Also means 'even' or 'too', used for emphasis or to connect ideas, like 'both...and' or 'neither...nor'. It can introduce a climax or show contrast.
Tyndale gloss
also
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גַּם (gam) is an adverb meaning 'also' or 'moreover,' indicating addition or emphasis. It can express various nuances, such as 'even,' 'indeed,' or 'but.' The term is often used in a correlational manner, as in 'both...and.' It appears in contexts that require clarification or reinforcement of a statement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גַּם 768 adv. denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1571 גַּם denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1571 gam gam

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea,

though; often repeated as correl. both...and:--again, alike,

also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and , but, either...or,

even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover,

nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גַּם (gam) — also.

1) also, even, indeed, moreover, yea

1a) also, moreover (giving emphasis)

1b) neither, neither...nor (with negative)

1c) even (for stress)

1d) indeed, yea (introducing climax)

1e) also (of correspondence or retribution)

1f) but, yet, though (adversative)

1g) even, yea, yea though (with 'when' in hypothetical case)

2) (TWOT) again, alike

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM — Adverb
HD
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
קָאַת֙ka.'At desert owl H6893 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The pelican is a bird mentioned in the Bible, specifically in Leviticus 11:17 and Deuteronomy 14:17. It was considered unclean and is possibly related to the cormorant. Its exact meaning is still unknown.
Amplified meaning
pelican, cormorant
Tyndale gloss
pelican
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָאַת (qa'ath) refers to a bird, commonly identified as a pelican, though some sources suggest it may also refer to a cormorant or an extinct bird. The term is considered ceremonially unclean, with its precise meaning remaining uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָאַת, קָאָת n.[f.] a bird, usu. pelican

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6893 קָאַת, קָאָת a bird, usu. pelican

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6893 qa'ath kaw-ath'

from 6958; probably the pelican (from vomiting):--cormorant.

see HEBREW for 06958

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָאַת (qa.at) — pelican.

1) a ceremonially unclean bird

1a) perhaps pelican or cormorant

1b) perhaps an extinct bird, exact meaning unknown

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

oul (bath ha-ya`anah; Latin Ulula): The name of every nocturnal bird of prey of the Natural Order Striges. These birds range from the great horned owl of 2 feet in length, through many subdivisions to the little screech-owl of 5 inches. All are characterized by very large heads, many have ear tufts, all have large eyes surrounded by a disk of tiny, stiff, radiating feathers. The remainder of the plumage has no aftershaft. So these birds make the softest flight of any creature traveling on wing. A volume could be written on the eye of the owl, perhaps its most wonderful feature being in the power of the bird to enlarge the iris if it wishes more distinct vision. There is material for another on the prominent and peculiar auditory parts. With almost all owls the feet are so arranged that two toes can be turned forward and two back, thus reinforcing the grip of the bird by an extra toe and…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Owl

(1.) Heb. bath-haya’anah, “daughter of greediness” or of “shouting.” In the list of unclean birds (Lev. 11:16; Deut. 14:15); also mentioned in Job 30:29; Isa. 13:21; 34:13; 43:20; Jer. 50:39; Micah 1:8. In all these passages the Revised Version translates “ostrich” (q.v.), which is the correct rendering.

(2.) Heb. yanshuph, rendered “great owl” in Lev. 11:17; Deut. 14:16, and “owl” in Isa.…

A number of species of the owl are mentioned in the Bible, (Leviticus 11:17; 14:16; Isaiah 14:23; 34:15; Zephaniah 2:14) and in several other places the same Hebrew word is used where it is translated ostrich. (Job 30:29; Jeremiah 50:39) Some of these species were common in Palestine, and, as is well known, were often found inhabiting ruins. (Isaiah 34:11,13-15)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A night bird of prey, unfit for food. Several species are found in Palestine, and are mentioned in the Bible; as in Le 11:17 De 14:16 Isa 14:23 34:15 Zep 2:14. One of the words, however, translated "owl," probably means "OSTRICH," (which see;) and another, Le 11:17 De 14:16 Isa 34:11, the ibis or night heron.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
גַּם־gam- as well as H1571 Adverb
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Also means 'even' or 'too', used for emphasis or to connect ideas, like 'both...and' or 'neither...nor'. It can introduce a climax or show contrast.
Tyndale gloss
also
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גַּם (gam) is an adverb meaning 'also' or 'moreover,' indicating addition or emphasis. It can express various nuances, such as 'even,' 'indeed,' or 'but.' The term is often used in a correlational manner, as in 'both...and.' It appears in contexts that require clarification or reinforcement of a statement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גַּם 768 adv. denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1571 גַּם denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1571 gam gam

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea,

though; often repeated as correl. both...and:--again, alike,

also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and , but, either...or,

even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover,

nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גַּם (gam) — also.

1) also, even, indeed, moreover, yea

1a) also, moreover (giving emphasis)

1b) neither, neither...nor (with negative)

1c) even (for stress)

1d) indeed, yea (introducing climax)

1e) also (of correspondence or retribution)

1f) but, yet, though (adversative)

1g) even, yea, yea though (with 'when' in hypothetical case)

2) (TWOT) again, alike

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM — Adverb
HD
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

az: Conj. and adverb (usually Greek hos hosper, kathos), designating:

(1) Likeness: (a) between nouns (Ge 3:5; Jud 6:5; Php 2:8; Heb 11:27,29); (b) between verbs (Lu 6:36; Joh 5:30; 1Co 10:7); (c) between adjectives (1Co 15:48).

(2) Limitation (with respect to a particular aspect or relation) (1Pe 4:15,16).

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
קִפֹּ֔דki.Pod hedgehog H7090 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The porcupine is a small animal that curls up for defense, mentioned in the Bible as a shrinking creature. The KJV translates it as bittern, a type of bird.
Amplified meaning
bittern, porcupine
Tyndale gloss
porcupine
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קִפֹּד (qippod) refers to a porcupine or hedgehog, described as a shrinking animal that rolls itself together. The term may also relate to a bird species, possibly the bittern, according to Strong's. The word is derived from a root meaning to roll up, indicating its defensive behavior.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קִפֹּד n.[m.] porcupine (fr. rolling itself together)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7090 קִפֹּד porcupine (fr. rolling itself together)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7090 qippowd kip-pode'

or qippod {kip-pode'}; from 7088; a species of bird, perhaps

the bittern (from its contracted form):--bittern.

see HEBREW for 07088

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קִפֹּד (qip.pod) — porcupine.

1) porcupine, hedgehog

1a) a shrinking animal

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hej'-hog Septuagint echinos, "hedgehog," for qippodh, in Isa 14:23; 34:11; Ze 2:14, and for qippoz, in Isa 34:15).

See PORCUPINE; BITTERN; OWL; SERPENT.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָbe.khaf.to.Rei.ha on capitals its H3730 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
18× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A capital or knob, referring to the top of a column or a decorative bulb. In the Bible, it describes the design of the candelabrum in Exodus.
Amplified meaning
upper lintels, capitals
Tyndale gloss
capital
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כַּפְתּוֹר (kaphtor) refers to architectural elements, specifically a capital, which is the top part of a column, as well as a knob or bulb-like ornament. The word likely derives from a root meaning to encircle, and is used in contexts related to design and decoration, such as in the construction of a candelabrum.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כַּפְתּוֹר, כַּפְתֹּר n.m. 1. capital. 2. knob, bulb

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3730 כַּפְתּוֹר, כַּפְתֹּר 1. capital. 2. knob, bulb

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3730 kaphtor kaf-tore'

or (Am. 9:1) kaphtowr {kaf-tore'}; probably from an unused

root meaning to encircle; a chaplet; but used only in an

architectonic sense, i.e. the capital of a column, or a

wreath-like button or disk on the candelabrum: knop, (upper)

lintel.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כַּפְתּוֹר (kaph.tor) — capital.

1) bulb, knob, capital, capital of a pillar

1a) knob, bulb (as ornament)

1b) capital (of a pillar)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HR/Ncmpc/Sp3fs
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
יָלִ֑ינוּya.Li.nu they will spend [the] night H3885 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
84× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To grumble or complain, this word describes a negative attitude of discontent or murmuring. It is used in the Bible to describe people who are unhappy or stubborn.
Amplified meaning
lodge, make their living-places
Tyndale gloss
to lodge
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לוּן (luwn) is a Hebrew verb meaning to lodge or pass the night, and it can also imply abiding or remaining. It has a negative connotation when referring to murmuring or complaining. The word can be used in various forms, including Qal, Hiphil, and Hithpalpel, indicating different nuances of lodging and grumbling.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לוּן, לִין vb. lodge, pass the night, fig. abide

Qal

lodge, pass the night

fig. abide, remain

Hiph. cause to rest, lodge

Hithpalp. dwell, abide, of eagle

base

[לוּן] vb. murmur

Niph. murmur against

Hiph. murmur; cause to murmur

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3885a לוּן, לִין lodge, pass the night, fig. abide H3885b לוּן murmur

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3885 luwn loon

or liyn {leen}; a primitive root; to stop (usually over

night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad

sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to

complain):--abide (all night), continue, dwell, endure,

grudge, be left, lie all night, (cause to) lodge (all night,

in, -ing, this night), (make to) murmur, remain, tarry (all

night, that night).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לוּן (lun) — to lodge.

1) to lodge, stop over, pass the night, abide

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to lodge, pass the night

1a2) to abide, remain (fig.)

1b) (Hiphil) to cause to rest, lodge

1c) (Hithpalpel) to dwell, abide

לוּן (lun) — to grumble.

1) to grumble, complain, murmur

1a) (Niphal) to grumble, murmur

1b) (Hiphil) to complain, cause to grumble

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

nit.

See DAY AND NIGHT for the natural usage and the various terms.

1. In the Old Testament:

Figurative uses: The word "night" (laylah or layil is sometimes used figuratively in the Old Testament. Thus, Moses compares the brevity of time, the lapse of a thousand years, to "a watch in the night" (Ps 90:4). Adversity is depicted by it in such places as Job 35:10; compare Isa 8:20; Jer 15:9. Disappointment and despair are apparently depicted by it in the "burden of Dumah" (Isa 21:11,12); and spiritual blindness, coming upon the false prophets (Mic 3:6); again sudden and…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[DAY]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The ancient Hebrews began their artificial day at evening, and ended it the next evening, so that the night proceeded the day. This usage may probably be traced to the terms employed in describing the creation, Ge 1:5,8,13, etc., "The evening and the morning were the first day." The Hebrews allowed twelve to the day; but these hours were not equal, except at the equinox. At other times, when the hours of the night were long, those of the day were short, as in winter; and when the hours of night were short, as at midsummer, the hours of the day were long in proportion. See HOURS.

The nights are sometimes extremely cold in Syria, when the days are very hot; and travelers in the deserts and among the mountains near Palestine refer to their own sufferings from these opposite extremes, in illustration of Jacob’s words in

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 1:5,16,18

→ Meditations in Ps 19:2; 77:6; 119:148; 139:11

→ Worship in Ps 134:1

→ Jesus prays all night Lu 6:12

→ No night in heaven Re 21:25; 22:5

→ Divided into watches Ex 14:24; Jud 7:19; 1Sa 11:11; Ne 12:9; Ps 63:6; 119:148; La 2:19;

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
ק֠וֹלKol a sound H6963 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
506× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A voice or sound, it can refer to the sound of a person speaking, an animal, or a musical instrument. In the Bible, it is often used to describe God's voice or the sound of praise and worship.
Amplified meaning
voice, sound
Tyndale gloss
voice: sound
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קוֹל (qol) primarily means 'voice' or 'sound,' encompassing various contexts such as music, noise, and even thunder. It can also denote lightness or frivolity. The word is built from a root meaning to call aloud and appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, including a reference in Jeremiah 3:9.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קוֹל 506 n.m. sound, voice

base

קֹל n.[m.] lightness, frivolity;—Je 3:9

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6963a קוֹל sound, voice H6963b קֹל lightness, frivolity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6963 qowl kole

or qol {kole}; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a

voice or sound:--+ aloud, bleating, crackling, cry (+ out),

fame, lightness, lowing, noise, + hold peace, (pro-)claim,

proclamation, + sing, sound, + spark, thunder(-ing), voice, +

yell.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קוֹל (qol) — voice.

: voice/shout/loud

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קֹל (qol) — frivolity.

lightness, frivolity

קוֹל (qol) — voice: sound.

: sound/noise

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: thunder.

: thunder

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: message.

: message/proclaim

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: [sound of].

: [sound_of](THING)

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: listen.

: listen

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sound: In Isa 63:15 the King James Version has "the sounding of thy bowels," a painfully literal translation of hamon me'eykha, with the similar phrase, "my bowels shall sound like an harp," in Isa 16:11 (compare Jer 48:36). The intestines were considered a seat of emotion, and at times of great excitement were thought (in poetry, at least) to become tense and to give forth a musical sound. The Revised Version (British and American) (following the King James Version in Jer 48:36) substitutes "heart" for "bowels" in Isa 16:11, thus obscuring the figure but preserving the sense. In

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
יְשׁוֹרֵ֤רye.sho.Rer it will sing H7891 Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine singular
87× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to sing, and it is used in the Bible to describe the act of singing, like when the Israelites sang after crossing the Red Sea in Exodus 15. It can also refer to a singer or songstress. The Bible often mentions singing as a way to praise God.
Amplified meaning
sing, cry out
Tyndale gloss
to sing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שִׁיר (shiyr) means 'to sing' and is a denominative verb derived from a primitive root. It covers various forms of singing, including participles for singers and songstresses. The entries indicate its use in different verbal stems, such as Qal and Polel, and note its appearance in contexts like 1 Samuel 18:6.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שִׁיר] 86 vb. sing (denom.)

Qal 49 sing

Pō‛l. 36 sing

Hoph. be sung

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7891 שִׁיר sing (denom.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7891 shiyr sheer

or (the original form) shuwr (1 Sam. 18:6) {shoor}; a

primitive root (identical with 7788 through the idea of

strolling minstrelsy); to sing:--behold (by mistake for

7789), sing(-er, -ing man, - ing woman).

see HEBREW for 07788

see HEBREW for 07789

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שִׁיר (shir) — to sing.

1) to sing

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to sing

1a2) singer, songstresses (participle)

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to sing

1b2) singer, songstress (participle)

1c) (Hophal) to be sung

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-o-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVpi3ms
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ba.cha.lOn in the window H2474 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A window in ancient times was a hole in the wall, as described in the Bible. The Hebrew word for window is used in the story of Jezebel's death in 2 Kings 9:30-33. Windows were also mentioned in the Song of Solomon.
Amplified meaning
hole in the wall
Tyndale gloss
window
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חַלּוֹן (challown) means 'window' in Hebrew, referring to an opening or perforation in a wall. The term is noted as both masculine and feminine in gender. It emphasizes the concept of a window as a means of light and air entering a space.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַלּוֹן n.m. and f. window

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2474 חַלּוֹן window

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2474 challown khal-lone'

a window (as perforated):--window.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַלּוֹן (chal.lon) — window.

window (piercing of the wall)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

win'-do.

See HOUSE, II, 1, (9).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Window

Properly only an opening in a house for the admission of light and air, covered with lattice-work, which might be opened or closed (2 Kings 1:2; Acts 20:9). The spies in Jericho and Paul at Damascus were let down from the windows of houses abutting on the town wall (Josh. 2:15; 2 Cor. 11:33). The clouds are metaphorically called the “windows of heaven” (Gen. 7:11; Mal. 3:10). The word thus rendered in Isa. 54:12 ought rather to be rendered “battlements” (LXX., “bulwarks;” R.V., “pinnacles”), or as Gesenius…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The window of an Oriental house consists generally of an aperture closed in with lattice-work. (Judges 5:28; Proverbs 7:6) Authorized Version "casement;" (Ecclesiastes 12:3) Authorized Version "window;" (Solomon 2:9; Hosea 13:3) Authorized Version "chimney." Glass has been introduced into Egypt in modern times as a protection against the cold of winter, but lattice-work is still the usual, and with the poor the only, contrivance for closing the window. The windows generally look into the inner court of the house, but in every house one or more look into the street. In Egypt these outer windows generally project over the doorway. [HOUSE]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 6:16; 26:8; Jos 2:15,21; 1Ki 6:4; Eze 40:16-36; Ac 20:9

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
חֹ֣רֶבCho.rev desolation H2721 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Bible uses this word to describe a state of drought or desolation, often as a result of sin. In the book of Deuteronomy, Moses warned the Israelites of desolation if they disobeyed God. It is also used in the book of Jeremiah.
Amplified meaning
drought, ruin
Tyndale gloss
drought
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֹ֫רֶב (choreb) refers to concepts of dryness and desolation, encompassing meanings such as drought, heat, and parching conditions. It is built from the idea of being dry or desolate, and can denote both physical and metaphorical states of barrenness. The entries consistently highlight these themes without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֹ֫רֶב n.m. dryness, drought, heat

dryness

drought

parching heat

base

חֹ֫רֶב n.[m.] desolation

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2721a חֹ֫רֶב dryness, drought, heat . dryness

. drought

. parching heat

H2721b חֹ֫רֶב desolation

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2721 choreb kho'-reb

a collaterally form of 2719; drought or

desolation:--desolation, drought, dry, heat, X utterly, waste.

see HEBREW for 02719

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֹ֫רֶב (cho.rev) — drought.

1) dryness, drought, heat

1a) dryness

1b) drought

1c) parching heat

חֹ֫רֶב (cho.rev) — desolation.

desolation

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics

as a result of sin

(1) Of Israel

Isa 1:8; 24:12; Jer 2:15; 9:11; 12:11; 19:8; La 1:4; 5:18

Eze 20:26; 33:28; Am 7:9; Mic 3:12; Mt 23:38

--SEE Barrenness,

Wicked Forsaken, SIN

(2) Of Heathen Nations

Isa 13:9; 15:1; Jer 25:12; 49:9; 49:17; Eze 25:13; 29:12; 30:14

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
בַּסַּ֔ףba.Saf [will be] on the threshold H5592 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
32× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a threshold, like a door sill, or a container for holding liquids. It can also mean a gate or post. The KJV translates it as threshold or bason.
Amplified meaning
door sill, post
Tyndale gloss
basin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סַף (saph) refers to both a basin or goblet and a threshold or sill. It is derived from a root meaning to contain, indicating its use for holding liquids or marking a boundary. The entries highlight its dual meanings, with Brown-Driver-Briggs and Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon both emphasizing its applications in physical structures and vessels.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סַף n.m. basin, goblet

base

סַף 24 n.m. threshhold, sill

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5592a סַף basin, goblet H5592b סַף threshhold, sill

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5592 caph saf

from 5605, in its original sense of containing; a vestibule

(as a limit); also a dish (for holding blood or

wine):--bason, bowl, cup, door (post), gate, post, threshold.

see HEBREW for 05605

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סַף (saph) — basin.

1) a spreading out, basin, goblet, bowl

1a) basin, goblet

סַף (saph) — threshold.

1) threshold, sill

1a) threshold, sill, door-keeper

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

thresh'-old.

See HOUSE, II, 1, (7).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Threshold

(1.) Heb. miphtan, probably a projecting beam at a higher point than the threshold proper (1 Sam. 5:4,5; Ezek. 9:3; 10:4,18; 46:2; 47:1); also rendered “door” and “door-post.”

(2.) ‘Asuppim, pl. (Neh. 12:25), rendered correctly “storehouses” in the Revised Version. In 1 Chr. 26:15, 17 the Authorized Version retains the word as a proper name, while in the Revised Version it is translated “storehouses.”

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Of the two words so rendered is the Authorized Version, one,miphthan, ,seems to mean sometimes a projecting beam or corbel. (Ezekiel 9:3; 10:4,18)

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
כִּ֥יki for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
אַרְזָ֖ה'ar.Zah cedar-work H731 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to cedar wood, often used in construction, like the cedar panels in Solomon's temple. It represents strength and durability. Cedar was highly valued in ancient times.
Amplified meaning
cedar work, valuable wood
Tyndale gloss
cedar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַרְזָה (arzah) refers to cedar, specifically in the context of cedar panels or work. It is a feminine noun derived from the root word for cedar, noted in Zephaniah 2:14. The entries consistently emphasize its association with cedar wood used in construction or decoration.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַרְזָה n.f.coll. cedar-panels, cedar-work Zp 2:14.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H731 אַרְזָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

731 'arzah ar-zaw'

fem of 730; cedar wainscoating:--cedar work.

see HEBREW for 0730

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַרְזָה (ar.zah) — cedar.

cedar-panels, cedar-work

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ See INDUSTRY

→ See LABOR

and they will lie down in [the] midst of it herds every animal of a nation both desert owl as well as hedgehog on capitals its they will spend [the] night a sound it will sing in the window desolation [will be] on the threshold for cedar-work he will lay bare
עֵרָֽה׃'e.Rah he will lay bare H6168 Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singular
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to uncover or make something bare, and is used in various contexts, including being naked or pouring something out. It appears in Deuteronomy 28:48 and Isaiah 32:11. The KJV translates it as 'uncover' or 'empty'.
Amplified meaning
uncover, lay bare
Tyndale gloss
to uncover
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָרָה (arah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be naked or bare, and it encompasses a range of actions including uncovering, emptying, and pouring out. It appears in various forms, such as making oneself naked or laying bare by removing contents. Notably, it can also refer to sexual offenses. The word is used in contexts that suggest exposure or destitution.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עָרָה] vb. be naked, bare

Pi.

lay bare

lay bare by removing contents, empty, water-jar

pour out

Hiph.

make naked, of sexual offences

pour out

Niph. until there be poured upon us a spirit from on high

Hithp.

thou shalt make thyself naked

usu. pouring himself, i.e. spreading himself out like a tree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6168 עָרָה be naked, bare . . lay bare

. lay bare by removing contents, empty, water-jar

. pour out

. . make naked, of sexual offences

. pour out

. until there be poured upon us a spirit from on high

. . thou shalt make thyself naked

. usu. pouring himself, i.e. spreading himself out like a tree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6168 `arah aw-raw'

a primitive root; to be (causatively, make) bare; hence, to

empty, pour out, demolish:--leave destitute, discover, empty,

make naked, pour (out), rase, spread self, uncover.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָרָה (a.rah) — to uncover.

1) to be bare, be nude, uncover, leave destitute, discover, empty, raze, pour out

1a) (Piel)

1a1) to bare, lay bare

1a2) to lay bare by emptying, empty

1a3) to pour out

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to make naked, strip bare (of sexual offences)

1b2) to pour out

1c) (Niphal) to be poured out, be exposed

1d) (Hithpael)

1d1) to expose oneself, make oneself naked

1d2) pouring oneself, spreading oneself (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Perf-3ms — Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singular
HVpp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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