2 Kings 23

2 Kings 23:2

the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4.

prophets. Some codices read “Levites”, as in 2 Chronicles 34:30.

read. Either himself; or, by Hebrew idiom, “caused to be read”.

in their ears. Compare Nehemiah 8:1-4, &c. The king did not keep it to himself. God’s word is for all.

2 Kings 23:3

by a pillar: or, on the pillar, or, platform. Compare 2 Kings 11:14.

soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13.

written. See App-47.

stood. But not for long. See Jeremiah 11:2-20.

2 Kings 23:4

priests of the second order (or degree), i.e. ordinary priests.

the grove = the ’Asherah. See App-42.

host of heaven. Compare 2 Kings 21:3.

burned them. As prescribed in Deuteronomy 7:25.

unto Beth-el. To defile the altar there, according to the prophecy in 1 Kings 13:2.

2 Kings 23:5

idolatrous priests = black-robed; not kohen, as appointed by God, but kemarlm, as appointed by man. Compare Hosea 10:5, Zephaniah 1:4.

Planets = stations: i.e. the twelve signs of the Zodiac. Hebrew. mazzaloth. Spelled Mazzaroth in Job 38:32 = stations. The Babylonian name for the divisions of the zodiac. Called in the Assyrian inscriptions “Mauzalti”. (See Western Asiatic Inscriptions.)

2 Kings 23:6

graves. Hebrew. keber. See note on 2 Kings 21:26.

of the children of the people = of the common people in Jeremiah 26:23. In 2 Chronicles 35:5 it = the laity as distinguished from Levites.

children = sons.

2 Kings 23:7

sodomites = male prostitutes. Suppression directed in Deuteronomy 23:17, Deuteronomy 23:18. See note on 1 Kings 14:23, 1 Kings 14:24.

hangings. Hebrew houses. Probably veils to cover the ’Asherah, as it is covered in Romish processions to-day.

2 Kings 23:8

the high places. Seemingly (from 2 Kings 23:9) some were used for the worship of Jehovah. See notes on 2 Kings 18:20; 2 Kings 19:10, 2 Kings 19:14.

Geba. NOW Jeba (Joshua 18:24).

Beer-sheba. Southern boundary (Genesis 21:31. Judges 20:1). Compare Amos 5:5; Amos 8:14.

2 Kings 23:9

priests of the high places. Not idolatrous priests. See note on 2 Kings 23:8.

2 Kings 23:10

Topheth = the Topheth. First occurrence. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), put for anything abhorrent.

valley, &c. The junction of the three valleys uniting south of Jerusalem. The continual fires burning there gave the Greek name Gehenna (from the Hebrew Ge Hinnom = valley of Hinnom).

Molech. Compare Jeremiah 7:31, Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 19:2-6. Prohibited Deuteronomy 18:10. Compare 1 Kings 11:7.

2 Kings 23:11

kings of Judah. Presumably Manasseh and Amon. See 2 Kings 21:3-5. of = from.

by = to.

chamberlain = eunuch, or officer.

suburbs, or outskirts.

2 Kings 23:12

top = roof, “[the roof] of”, &c. brake them down. The margin of Authorized Version seems preferable here: “hurried away [with them] from thence”.

2 Kings 23:13

before Jerusalem: i.e. the east side. See Zechariah 16:4.

which, &c. Figure of speech Polyonyrnia.

mount of corruption: i.e. the Mount of Olives. Thus called on account of the idolatries connected with it.

Chemosh. Compare 1 Kings 11:5, 1 Kings 11:7.

2 Kings 23:14

images = pillars, or statues.

men. Hebrew. ’adam. Used collectively. App-14.

2 Kings 23:15

the altar. Compare 1 Kings 12:32, 1 Kings 12:33.

made Israel to sin. See note on 1 Kings 14:16.

2 Kings 23:16

sepulchres. Hebrew, plural of keber. See note on 2 Kings 21:26.

the word. See 1 Kings 13:2.

the man of God. See note on Deuteronomy 33:1. App-49.

God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4.

proclaimed. Supply Figure of speech Ellipsis thus: “proclaimed [when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast], who proclaimed these words” 369 years before. See 1 Kings 13:1, 1 Kings 13:2.

2 Kings 23:17

title = monument.

2 Kings 23:19

the LORD. Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate read “Jehovah” in the text.

2 Kings 23:20

slew = sacrificed. See App-43.

2 Kings 23:21

Keep the passover. See note on Exodus 12:28.

the book of this covenant = this covenant-book. Authorized Version 1611, reads “this book of the covenant”.

2 Kings 23:22

not holden such. Compare Hezekiah’s passover, of which the same is said (2 Chronicles 30:26). Both statements true. Hezekiah’s greater than any before it. Josiah’s greater than Hezekiah’s. See the details (2 Chronicles 35:1-19). There were larger numbers, and the law was more exactly followed. Hezekiah’s passover kept just before the dispersion of Israel. Josiah’s passover kept just before the captivity of Judah.

judges that judged. Figure of speech Polyptoton.

2 Kings 23:24

familiar spirits. See note on Leviticus 19:31.

images = teraphim = household gods.

idols = manufactured gods.

put = clear.

Hilkiah the priest found. See 2 Kings 22:8, &c.

2 Kings 23:25

like unto. Note the Figure of speech Epanadiplosis, by which (for emphasis) the statement begins and ends with the same words.

soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13.

2 Kings 23:27

as = according as.

I have chosen = I once, or erewhile, chose.

2 Kings 23:28

are they not . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6.

2 Kings 23:29

Pharaoh-nechoh: i.e. Nechoh II, the sixth king of the twentysixth dynasty. His father was a tributary to Assyria, but had secured independence for Egypt.

the king of Assyria: i.e. the king of Babylon, who had just conquered Nineveh, the rival capital.

went against him. His motive not known.

he = the king of Egypt.

him = Josiah.

Megiddo. Southern margin of the plain of Esdraelon, celebrated for Syria’s defeat by Barak (Judges 5:19).

seen. Figure of speech Tapeinosis, to emphasize the fact that he did much more than “see” him. Compare 2 Kings 14:8 and 2 Chronicles 35:21, 2 Chronicles 35:22.

2 Kings 23:30

buried him. For the sorrow attending this, see 2 Chronicles 35:25.

2 Kings 23:31

Jehoahaz. Also called Johanan (Jeremiah 22:11. 1 Chronicles 3:15). He was the younger brother of Jehoiakim (2 Kings 23:36).

2 Kings 23:32

evil. Hebrew. raa’. App-44.

2 Kings 23:33

at Biblah. After his defeat by Nebuchadrezzar at Carohemish. Eiblah was a centre from whence roads branched to the Euphrates and Nineveh, or by Palmyra to Babylon. The southern roads led to Palestine, Lebanon, and Egypt. Eiblah still bears this name, and is about twenty-five miles south-south-west of Ernesa.

that he might not reign. Hebrew text reads “when he reigned”. Authorized Version follows some codices, with Aramaean, Septuagint, and Vulgate.

2 Kings 23:34

Eliakim. Name changed, to assert Pharaoh-nechoh’s authority.

in the room. Refusing to recognize the People’s appointment of 2 Kings 23:30.

died there. As Jeremiah (2 Kings 22:11, 2 Kings 22:12) foretold.

2 Kings 23:35

taxed = assessed.

2 Kings 23:37

did that which was evil. See 2 Chronicles 36:5-8. Jeremiah 22:17; Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 26:22-23. N.B. Jeremiah chapters 13-20, and probably Jeremiah chapters 22 ; 26 ; 35 ; 36 ; belong to this period.