Revelation 12
OGCRevelation 12:1-6
Strauss-’ Comments SECTION 35
Text Revelation 12:1-6
And a great sign was seen in heaven: a woman arrayed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars; 2 and she was with child; and she crieth out, travailing in birth, and in pain to be delivered. 3 And there was seen another sign of heaven: and behold, a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his heads seven diadems. 4 And his tail draweth the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon standeth before the woman that is about to be delivered, that when she is delivered he may devour her child. 5 And she was delivered of a son, a man child, who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and unto his throne. 6 And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she hath a place prepared of God, that there they may nourish her a thousand two hundred and threescore days.
Initial Questions Revelation 12:1-6
What was the great sign (semeion - one of the N.T. words for miracle) - Revelation 12:1?
What does the symbolism of Rev 12:2 imply?
Does the sign of Rev 12:3 imply supernatural power for the great red dragon?
Who could possibly fulfill the imagery of Rev 12:5?
Discuss the fact that the two witnesses of chp. 11 prophesied 42 months (or 1260 days) and the fact that the woman was hid away for 1260 days - Revelation 12:6?
The Woman with Child, and the Great Blood Red Dragon
Beginning of Part Two - Chapter s 12-22
The first eleven Chapter s make up the first half of the book of Revelation. Beginning with this chapter (12) we are entering the second half of the book (chp. 12-22). The trials and triumphs of the Church of Christ are the central theme of this section of The Revelation. Dr. McDowell states the basic issue briefly, simply, and succinctly in these words
God’s sovereignty over the world in Jesus Christ has been proclaimed. By the series of visions under the breaking of the seals of the scroll, John has shown how that sovereignty stands as an established fact over against the problems of history which seem to deny it. But now it remains to portray the manner in which this rule of God has been projected into history and how its projection precipitates the inevitable conflict with the Caesars. The story of Revelation from this point on is the story of the conflict between the sovereignty of God in Jesus Christ and the pretended sovereignty of Satan expressed through the rulers of Rome. (Edward A. McDowell, The Meaning and Message of The Book of Revelation, Broadman Press, Nashville, 1951, p. 129.
It is generally true that in the first eleven Chapter s the vantage point was the earth. The events of chapter 12 (and following) are seen from the viewpoint of heaven.
In verse one, the first woman to appear in The Revelation is a vital part of the vision. In the Old Testament the Theocratic Kingdom is pictured as a woman in travail (see Isaiah 26:17; Isaiah 66:7; Micah 4:10 - read R. H. Charles on this verse). The metaphor of childbirth is common in the New Testament - John 16:21; Galatians 4:19.
The great sign (first in a series of signs) was a woman having been clothed (with - not in text) the sun with a crown of twelve stars. The imagery as a whole is clear enough, but the details are impossible to identify with certainty. This much is certain that Christ is the masculine child who will conquer Satan - (see Genesis 3:15). (See note on Virgin Birth immediately following chapter 12.)
This verse contains a paraphrase of Mic 4:10, where the daughter of Zion, the earthly Jerusalem that foreshadows the heavenly Jerusalem, is in travial before the Lord.
The second in this series of signs is observed in heaven. The second sign was a great red dragon who was the adversary of God. The dragon is identified as Satan in Revelation 12:9 (see Daniel 7:7; Daniel 8:10).
Satan tries to destroy the child (the Christ). Satan’s attempts to destroy our Lord from Herod’s slaying of the infants, the Temptation, to the Cross, etc. are most certainly involved in this symbolism. John declares that Satan stood before the woman being about to bear, in order that (hina clause - purpose clause) he might devour her child whenever she bears (or delivers).
She bore a masculine son (following Alexander Campbell’s Translation) - (hion arsen literally says a male son, but this is redundant. Campbell reasons that the emphasis was on the masculinity or strength of the son.) The great Shepherd of the sheep was seized (hçrpasthç - 1st aor, passive - was seized by someone (God) in a single act) to God and to His throne. This imagery depicts the Ascension of Christ.
The woman fled to a place having been prepared from (apo - God was the source of the preparation) God, in order that there they might nourish her 1260 days. This is the same amount of time God gave His two witnesses to prophecy (see Revelation 11:3).
Review Questions - Chapter 12
See Revelation 12:13-17.
Revelation 12:1-17
**Tomlinson’s Comments
PART III THE TWO SIGNS IN HEAVEN CHAPTER XII**
Text (Revelation 11:19; Revelation 12:1-17)
**19 And there was opened the temple of God that is in heaven; and there was seen in his temple the ark of his covenant; and there followed lightnings, and voices, and thunders, and an earthquake, and great hail. 1 And a great sign was seen in heaven: a woman arrayed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars; 2 and she was with child; and she crieth out, travailing in birth, and in pain to be delivered. 3 And there was seen another sign in heaven: and behold, a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his heads seven diadems. 4 And his tail draweth the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon standeth before the woman that is about to be delivered, that when she is delivered, he may devour her child. 5 And she was delivered of a son, a man child, who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and unto his throne. 6 And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she hath a place prepared of God, that there they may nourish a thousand two hundred and threescore days. 7 And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels going forth to war with the dragon; and the dragon warred and his angels; 8 and they prevailed not, neither was their place found any more in heaven. 9 And the great dragon was cast down, the old serpent, he that is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world; he was cast down to the earth, and his angels were cast down with him. 10 And I heard a great voice in heaven, saying, Now is come the salvation, and the power, and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, who accuseth them before our God day and night. 11 And they overcame him because of the blood of the Lamb, and because of the word of their testimony; and they loved not their life even unto death. 12 Therefore rejoice, O heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe for the earth and for the sea: because the devil is gone down unto you, having great wrath, knowing that he hath but a short time. 13 And when the dragon saw that he was cast down to the earth, he persecuted the woman that brought forth the man child. 14 And there were given to the woman the two wings of the great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness unto her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent. 15 And the serpent cast out of his mouth after the woman water as a river, that he might cause her to be carried away by the stream. 16 And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth and swallowed up the river which the dragon cast out of his mouth. 17 And the dragon waxed wroth with the woman, and went away to make war with the rest of her seed, that keep the commandments of God, and hold the testimony of Jesus.
INTRODUCTION**
We have considered two series of visions; namely, the Seven Churches, and the vision of the seven seals, with their accompanying seven trumpets. In each of these series John is caught up out of the flesh. Before the unfolding of the first seriesthe Seven Churcheshe is in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day. Before the second visionthe Seven Seals and Seven Trumpets, he says immediately I was in the spirit. Obviously between the two visions he was again in the flesh, else he would not have been called by the voice, as of a trumpet calling him to come up higher, whereupon he was again immediately in the spirit.
We are about to begin the unfolding of a new series of visions, as evidenced by the language of Rev 11:19, which, in passing we must say, should belong to the twelfth chapter. This division of the book into Chapter s and verses, as well as the punctuation is a modern method introduced to facilitate easy reading and ready reference to the different passages. Early manuscripts of the Bible were written in continuous rows of capital letters, without spaces between the words and sentences. The early manuscripts had no stops at all. Revelation 12:1 would have appeared in this fashion:
WOMAN CLOTHED WITH THE SUN
The earliest example of separated words is found in a manuscript of the ninth century and it was not until about this time that punctuation marks came into existence. The same is true of the employment of verses and Chapter s. Therefore, the division between the eleventh and twelfth Chapter s here is purely artificial and does violence to the division of the visions of Revelation.
Properly the blowing of the seventh trumpet closes that vision. It naturally follows that Revelation 11:19 begins a new vision. The very language indicates a new starting point. Note its similarity in wording to that of the opening of the second series of visionsthe seals and trumpets. There it reads:
After this I looked and behold, a door was opened in heaven Revelation 4:1
Here it reads:
And the temple of God was opened in heaven and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.
While John seemed to have returned to the flesh between the first and second series, here there is no mention of that experience, rather indicating that he continued in the spirit, but the similarity of words with those of Rev 4:1, indicates that a new vision is being presented.
The language also makes it clear by its likeness to the former vision, which we found to have its starting point at Pentecost, that the same starting point begins that new series of visions. As we study this chapter we shall find this to be true. Since this is still the language of symbolism in a book of sign-i-fied visions, the symbol here is called heaven because it is a spiritual warfare about to start.
The ark of the Covenant in the Holy of Holies is brought to view. There are to be events uncovered which have to do with the temple of God. Since we are the temple of God, (1 Corinthians 3:16), then, the trials and vicissitudes of the church are to be presented in the language of symbolism.
This refers not to the Jewish temple, which had been destroyed some twenty-five years earlier by Titus, but to the spiritual temple, the Church of Christ. Its door is opened and its history foretold. The vision following will uncover the fortunes, sorrows, trials, persecutions and triumphs of the church. Its history will be traced until it is glorified by Christ, the husband. The Church’s heavenly destiny is symbolized by the fact that the Holy of Holies, the type of her final destiny is seen. The thunders and lightnings and earthquakes symbolize and foreshadow the commotions, earth shaking events, revolutions and judgments which shall take place in the fulfillment of the symbols of this new vision. Now we are ready to begin the study of the two wonders, or more properly, signs of chapter twelveI say more properly signs, for while the text reads wonders, in the margin the translation is sign.
These two signs are diametrically opposed to each other, both as to character and their war with each other. Shall we consider their interpretation as they appear in the verses. Revelation 12:1 And there appeared a great wonder (sign or symbol) in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars.
In all God’s references to his chosen, redeemed people, he likens them to a woman, whether the language was typical, prophetic or that of fulfilment. A woman is employed many times in the scripture as a symbol of the church.
Say to the daughter of Zion, behold thy salvation cometh (Isaiah 62:11). This is a prophecy of the church to come.
Ye are not the children of the bond woman, but of the free. (Galatians 4:31). The free woman here is the church.
God took the first pair to typify Christ and His church.
Paul said Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam’s transgression, who is a figure of him that was to come. (Romans 5:14)
Here he says Adam was a figure or type of Christ, so much so that in (1 Corinthians 15:45) Christ is called the last Adam, for we read: And so it is written, the first Adam was made a living soul, the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.
If Adam then was a type of Christ, Adam’s wife would be a type of the bride of Christthe church, for Christ is the bridegroom as Christ claimed for himself in (Matthew 9:15).
And Jesus said unto them, can the children of the bride-chamber mourn, as long as the bridegroom is with them? but the days will come when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then shall they fast.
Paul, in (Ephesians 5:21-31), likens the relationship between the husband and wife to that between Christ and his wife, and closes with these words: This is a great mystery, but I speak concerning Christ and the church. (Ephesians 5:32)
Adam was indeed a type of Christ, because:
He was single awhile; so was Christ for he had no wife, the church, until he purchased her with his own blood. (Acts 20:28)
He went down into a deep sleep; so did Christ in the sleep of death.
His side was pierced in his deep sleep; so was Christ’s by the spear of the Roman soldier. (John 19:34)
Out of his side was taken his bride; so Christ purchased his wife by the blood that flowed from his side.
Adam said, This is now bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh; and Paul said the same of Christ’s bride the church: For we are members of his flesh, and of his bones. (Ephesians 5:30)
Adam called her woman, because she was taken out of the Man, and the church here in Revelation is called a woman because she was taken out of the Man, as Pilate called Jesus, in being purchased by Christ’s death upon the cross.
Adam and his wife wore the same name, for we read: Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created. (Genesis 5:2). And the church wears Christ’s name collectively in being called the Church of Christ. How wrong it is then to wear a denominational name which dishonors Christ! And individually his redeemed ones are called Christians, which means belonging to Christ. (Acts 11:25-26).
Adam called his wife Eve, meaning the -mother of all creation,-’ and the church is the spiritual mother of the recreation. In (Galatians 4:26) Paul said: But Jerusalem, which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.
So the woman here is a sign or symbol (and so called in the margin) of the church. We must get our symbolism right in order to progress truthfully and scripturally. So we have amply identified the woman here as the church, and of her we read that she was clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars. Naturally, she should be clothed with the sun, because Christ, the Son of Righteousness gives her light. Jesus said: Ye are the light of the world. Said Paul: For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. (2 Corinthians 4:6)
Take Christ out of the life of the church, then she, who is fair as the moon and clear as the sun, would walk in darkness. But she stands on the moon! The Old Testament has been called the moonlight age-typically reflecting the glorious light of the New Testament fulfillment. So in a very definite sense she does stand on the moon, not as a foundation (for other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Christ), but she stands in the sense of following in succession of fulfillment. A diadem of twelve stars rests upon her brow, which undoubtedly refers to the twelve apostles, under whose teaching she dispenses light to the world. Christ filled the twelve apostles with the Holy Spirit to inspire the church to know His mind and will until the true church can say: We have the mind of Christ. Having identified the first sign, we will pass over the second verse for the time being to consider the second sign, for before we proceed farther we must understand the other sign, or wonder contained in this chapter.
Revelation 12:3 And there appeared another sign in heaven, and behold a great red dragon. The latter part of this verse will await a little while for clarification.
For the third time in this book of Revelation we find the book itself uncovering its own symbolism. The first and second instances were in the case of the stars and candlesticks in Revelation 1:20. In almost all of the symbolism we have had to turn elsewhere for interpretation. Not so here, however, for the ninth verse explains this second sign. And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent called the devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world, he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.
Our understanding of him is made crystal clear. It would seem that God made a special effort here to so definitely identify the dragon that there would never be the least doubt. This is the same serpentthat old serpent which met the first woman, wife of the first Adam in the garden, and for a purpose typical of this appearing of him before the woman here, or the church. In the garden he made his appearance to deceive the woman with subtility. Surely, he is as old as creation, for in the garden he began his age-long career as a deceiver of mankind.
Then began the age-old conflict inaugurated by the divine dictum: And I will put enmity between thee (the serpent) and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shall bruise his heel. (Genesis 3:15)
And just as he ever tried to destroy the seed line and finally the seed of the woman when the Son of God, become flesh, in the butcher of the infants of Bethlehem and the attempt to take his life during his ministry, so here we see a similar attempt to devour the seed of the woman as soon as he was born. The purpose of the dictum was to put enmity between them, and the accomplishment of God’s purpose involved the overthrow of the devil, and the supreme purpose of the devil has ever been to devour the woman’s seed, as soon as she brings him forth to the world.
So we have interpreted both signs and are ready to begin our study of the chapter. We will go back to the verse we purposely skipped to complete the unfolding of the two signs. Revelation 12:2: And she, being with child, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered.
John here calls our attention to the condition of the woman. She is about to become a mother. Evidently great significance is attached to this, because of the attention called to her condition. Shall we interpret the symbol of childbirth. In Isaiah 66:8, we read: As soon as Zion travaileth she brought forth children. The travail of Zion caused an increase.
Shall we turn now to the New Testament. Paul, speaking of the church said: Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to him who is raised from the dead, that ye should bring forth fruit unto God. (Romans 7:4)
The law that bound these Jewish brethren to God, to whom they were married (Jeremiah 3:14) had been nailed to the cross and now being baptized into Christ they were married to Christ. And this spiritual marriage relationship was for the purpose of bringing forth fruit into God.
With this shall we hear Peter: If these things be in you, and abound, they make you that ye shall neither be barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. (2 Peter 1:8)
Just as husband and wife reproduce after their kind, so the church is to bring forth after her kind, or make other Christians. Here the church is pictured bringing forth Christ to the world in great travail of birth. From Pentecost forward she has, in travail of sorrow, affliction, persecution and opposition, brought Christ to the world. She is symbolized here as crying, travailing in birth and pained to be delivered.
That this manchild who was to rule the nations with a rod of iron which she brought forth, is the Christ is so obvious as to hardly need elaboration. There is no other way by which Christ can be brought forth to the world except by the church. Remember this is the language of spiritual symbolism. But if any proof is needed, the fact that this manchild was to rule the nations with a rod of iron carries our minds back to the Messianic second psalm.
The Lord hath said unto me, Thou art my son; this day have I begotten thee. Ask me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. Thou shall break them with a rod of iron.(Psalms 2:7-9)
And if there were not enough proof, then hear Christ himself, for he takes this very prerogative to himself alone, And he shall rule them with a rod of iron. (Revelation 2:27). Also see Revelation 19:15.
And this conflict has a globe encircling aspect. Sun, moon and stars also are indicative of dominion. This is a stupendous conflict. The woman, the church and her manchild Christ are contending with the devil for stakes no less than the dominion of the world. This is emphasized by Christ’s battle, while yet in the flesh with the devil in the wilderness. Matthew said: Again the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kindgoms of the world, and the glory of them. And saith unto Him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me. (Matthew 4:8-9)
But before He shall rule the world with a rod of iron, before the kingdoms of this world become the Kingdoms of our Lord and his Christ, Childthe manchild has ascended into heaven to sit on the right hand of God until the last enemy is destroyed. This symbolism is not chronologically presented here in the order of his ascension and his being brought forth to the world by the church. We have had to travel back and forth in this chapter, leaving out some symbolism, in order to establish the meaning of the two great wonders or signs, and the interpretation of this birth of the manchild.
Revelation 11:3 Now we must return to finish the uncovering of the symbol of the dragon as he is described in Revelation 11:3. We have been told by the Book itself that the dragon is that old serpent the devil, called Satan. Four titles are assigned to him. Four is the numerical symbol of the entire compass of the earth. We have already seen four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, and there are four points of the compass to cover all directions on the earth.
Remembering always the devil is contending with Christ and the church for the possession of all the world, it is altogether fitting that this symbolism should represent him as having seven heads, expressive of the fullness of his assumed royalty and the ten horns symbolizing the world wide character of his rule and dominion. Since he works through a world power, and we know by subsequent history that he used a world power, Pagan Rome in his attempt to devour the manchild wherever the church travailed in birth to bring Him forth, the symbolism is perfect. We shall develop this move fully later in this book, but suffice to say here, that Pagan Rome, after her downfall divided into two kingdoms. A horn is a scriptural symbol of a kingdom as Daniel in the seventh chapter makes clear.
Here is portrayed the death struggle between the Kingdom of Christ and the kingdom of the world under the sway of the dragon. Revelation 12:4 And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven.
In agreement with the stars being angels later in this chapter (Revelation 11:7) we read of how the dragon fought and his angels. In our study of the Saracen scorpions we found that their sting was in their tails. In Isaiah 9:15 we found that the prophet that speaketh lies, he is the tail.
Putting this Biblical interpretation with our present verse under consideration that his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and also recalling that the devil, or dragon is a liar and the father of itthe lie (John 8:44) we arrive at the meaning of it all. It was through falsehood or lies that the devil drew these angels after him, even as by a lie he deceived the first woman, or Eve in the beginning of creation.
Shall we recall a startling statement, in this connection, made by Paul: And again, when he bringeth in the first begotten into the world, he saith, And let all the angels of God worship him. (Hebrews 1:6)
Here there seems to be quite a group who refuse to worship him but became subject to the devil. This also recalls Pauls declaration For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. (Ephesians 6:12)
So the church, in bringing forth the non resurrected and ascended Christ, to the world faces the devil, his angels and world kingdoms. Surely she can only do this through Christ who keeps on pouring strength into her. Now we are ready to advance in the chapter.
Revelation 11:6 And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she hath a place prepared of God, that they should feed her a thousand and two-hundred and three score days.
For the true church the whole world is a wilderness, a place where there are no spiritual sources of nourishment. So God providently cared for her. But more when we come to Revelation 11:14, where her fleeing into the wilderness is again mentioned.
*The War in Heaven
Revelation 11:7* And there was war in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon fought and his angels.
At first we would be tempted to fix the arena of this battle in the place usually indicated by the word heaven, but in as much as this is a book of symbolism, heaven as we usually understand that connotation to mean, cannot be the place of conflict. Particularly is this so when we anticipate the weapons used, and the results which follow in this warfare as enumerated in verse eleven. The overcoming was accomplished by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony, and they loved not their lives unto death.
Certainly there is no dying in heaven as we usually understand by that term, Heaven has no cemeteries. Death is an experience of this earth life only. But we will not say more on this verse until we come to it in its logical order. We have merely quoted it to show that this warfare was not in heaven itself. We have quoted it to establish the place of conflict. Heaven, here, is a symbol of the arena of conflict. The church and the devil fight in the spiritual arena, which only the term heaven could properly represent. The devil fights here in this world. Peter said: -Your adversary, the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about seeking whom he may devour (1 Peter 5:8). Notice the word devour. Peter uses the same word as John in Revelation.
This walking about of the devil mentioned by Peter reminds us of another instance recorded in the Book of Job:
Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan came also among them, And the Lord said unto Satan, Whence comest thou? Then Satan answered the Lord, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it. (Job 1:6-7)
How perfectly in agreement are these passages with the Revelation description of the arena of warfare began at Pentecostthe point of beginning of this vision and has continued ever since. We have already quoted page after page of history in the first two series of visions how Satan fought with the saints with bloody persecutions from the very setting up of the church. This casting out of the devil took place beginning at Pentecost and he is still being cast out into the earth or from things heavenly. We have already, under the brief discussion of the seven heads and horns, referred to a similar prophecy of Daniel. In Daniel we find that Michael is the great prince that standeth up for the children of thy people. (Daniel 12:1). So it is completely in keeping that we should find this same Michael standing up for the saints in this vision of Revelation.
Another insight to all this is that neither is the instance recorded in Daniel, nor this one in Revelation the only times Michael and the devil met in combat. In Jude 1:9 we read:
Yet Michael the archangel, when, contending with the devil, he disputed about the body of Moses, durst not bring against him a railing accusation, but said, the Lord rebuke thee.
So this archangel must be of very great power because when the dead in Christ shall arise at the Lord’s descent from heaven, he is to come with the voice of the archangel. (1 Thessalonians 4:16). It is this mighty archangel which leads the angelic forces against the devil and his angels.
What encouragement this ought to give the saints to know how unseen forces fight on their side against the adversary of their souls.
A notable instance of unseen forces fighting for a servant of God, even Elisha, is found in 2 Kings 6:15-17 :
And his servant said unto him, Alas, my Master! how shall we do? And he answered, Fear not: for they that be with us are more than they that be with them (the Syrians). And Elisha prayed and said, Lord, I pray thee, open his eyes, that he may see. And the Lord opened the eyes of the young man; and he saw: and, behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire round about Elisha.
We now come to the result of this great conflict.
vs. Revelation 12:8-9 And (that is the devil and his angels) prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven. And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.
This symbolism makes clear that the devil was defeated in his attempt. He was not only vanquished and defeated, but humiliated, or cast down. That this was to be accomplished by preaching is declared by Christ himself, as he commended his disciples upon their return from preaching. And he said unto them, I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. (Luke 10:18)
Christ said, anticipating his death upon the cross, which death would overcome sin and its wages, Now is the judgment of this world, now shall the prince of this world be cast out. (John 12:31) This was a crushing defeat because not only is the devil cast out, but his power to kill by death was ended in Christ’s victory.
For as much then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself partook of the same; that through death he might destroy him who had the power of death, that is the devil. (Hebrews 2:14)
Then comes the song of triumph:
Revelation 11:10 And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the Kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night.
These declarations of this poem of praise again give us added information on the time of the beginning of this series. This victory came about when salvation came, and when strength from heaven came (ye shall receive power), and the Kingdom of our God, which we know Peter proclaimed at Pentecost when he preached the first gospel sermon, using the Keys to open the door of entrance into the Kingdom. This he did by the power of Christ who sent the energizerthe Holy Spirit on that day. It was a power which Christ said had been given him in heaven and earth. (Matthew 28:18).
The words of this song are a fulfillment, almost item by item, of the promise Christ gave his apostles just ten days before Pentecost. He had been with them forty days, speaking of things pertaining to the Kingdom of God. (Acts 1:3) He further said: But ye shall receive power (the power of our Christ) after that the Holy Spirit is come upon you, and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth. (Acts 1:8). Now we behold the weapons of their warfare, which Paul said are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds.
(2 Corinthians 10:4) Shall we read the list:
Revelation 11:11 And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb.
That was by preaching the atonement and teaching all men to be baptized unto the death of Christ that the blood might be applied for in His death he shed His blood for the remission of sins. (Romans 6:3-6)
And by the word of their testimony. This was done on this earth the arena of the spiritual conflict, because John, the author of this very book was in the isle of Patmos for the word of God and for the testimony of Jesus Christ. (Revelation 1:9)
And they loved not their lives unto death. There is no death in the heaven above. This action transpired here because men died as martyrs by untold thousands in the death struggle with the devil and his angels. Surley, this one verse removes all question as to the time and arena of these events. Pagan Rome, the political power through which the dragon or the devil worked, was vanquished and Christianity triumphed.
Revelation 11:12 Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and the sea! for the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time.
This verse is a call for those who as overcomers dwell in the heavenlies, spoken of here as ye heavens and ye that dwell in them. This is not addressed to the angels, neither to the martyred dead, nor to the heaven, as usually understood by that term, because this call is like a door swinging on a hinge. Therefore in this case is the hinge, the door-post is the eleventh verse. Those of the eleventh verse are those who overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony. According to the New Testament conception of things, the people of God, living here, are viewed as now dwelling in heaven, since their citizenship is there. The Christian is taught to consider himself a stranger and a pilgrim in the earth. Paul said:
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ. (Ephesians 1:3). Again
And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus. (Ephesians 2:6) Yet again:
To the intent that now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known by the church the manifold wisdom of God. (Ephesians 3:10)
Paul also says that here and now we have already come to Mount Zion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem. (Hebrews 12:22)
So near to heaven is the church that Paul adds these words in that same verse, and to the innumerable company of angels. Why shouldn-’t this be so when we remember that he said of the angels are they not all ministering spirits sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation? (Hebrews 1:14)
Thus we see that the saints are spoken of as they that dwell in the heavens in contrast to those who are spoken of as the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea, upon whom a woe is pronounced because the devil is come down to them, having great wrath because he knoweth he hath but a short time. Defeated, humiliated, cast out by overcoming Christians he heaps the spleen of his anger upon the inhabiters of the earth, who are of the earth earthly.
The Persecution of the Church by the Devil
We see how the first great struggle between the woman and the dragon ended in ignominious defeat for the devil and a glorious triumph for the church. But the struggle is renewed. He now tries persecution. This is the exact order of the devils work and the experience of the church as depicted in the first series of visions. After the Ephesian period came the Smyrian period of the martyrs. So here we read:
Revelation 11:13 And when the dragon saw that he was cast unto the earth, he persecuted the woman which brought forth the man child.
This completely agrees with what history tells us of the work of the devil during the second and third centuries of the church. From Nero in A.D. 70 to Diocletian in A.D. 303 to 313 the church went through ten major persecutions. Of course Pagan Rome was the instrument of persecution, but the guiding genius was the devil himself. The object of this malignant and venomous persecution was the woman which brought forth the man child, or the church bringing Christ to the pagan world. So God’s people are the object of hatred of the devil and they ever bear the reproach of Christ. Persecution, as a portion of the Saints dates from the last part of the Ephesian period and reaches its height in the days of Diocletian who inaugurated the longest and severest, as well as the last pagan persecution against the church. The devil learned that persecutions did not accomplish his purpose to blot out the name Christian from the earth, but rather the reverse. As far as he was concerned, he wisely changed his tactics, but as the church’s welfare was involved, the change of attack proved her downfall. Compromise was substituted for crucifixion. But more anon of this change of method.
Revelation 11:14 And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times and half a time from the face of the serpent.
Between Revelation 11:6 and Revelation 11:14, we have as it were a parenthesis thrown in, in order to reveal the contestants, the method and weapons of warfare, and the triumph of the saints. The events described embrace both sides of the veil, some of which are heavenly and others on the earthly side of things.
Now Revelation 11:14 takes up where the narrative of unfolding was abruptly cut off or interrupted at Revelation 11:6.
There is given in Revelation 11:6 a description of how the woman fled into the wilderness to a place prepared of God where she was to dwell 1260 days, or years. Here she goes to her place, and was to continue there a time, or a year, times, two years and half a time, one half year, or in other words three and one half years, or 1260 days, which in prophetic history Isaiah 1260 years. Therefore the periods are of the same length and both refer to the same segment of time.
But here is added a new symbol. The woman, or church is given two wings of a great eagle to facilitate her flight into hiding. This signifies divine aid given the saints to assist them in their escape from Satan while they still dwell in this world-the enemy territory. (John 14:30). The meaning and significance of eagle’s wings becomes manifest by turning to a couple of Old Testament passages, The first is in Exodus 19:4 where God said to Moses:
Ye have seen what I did into the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagle’s wings, and brought you unto myself.
These people of the Old Covenant were a type of the saints of the New Covenant and their deliverance foreshadowed the escape of the people of God of the New Testament. Here the deliverance of the latter is described by the same symbol eagles-’ wings as the former.
The second passage is found in Deuteronomy 32:10-12 :
And found him (Jacob) in a desert land, and in the waste in the howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept his as the apple of his eye.
As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, heareth them on her wings; so the Lord alone did lead him and there was no strange God with him.
Eagles wings then are a symbol of divine strength supplied and applied with energy and swiftness. We said earlier that there was indicated a change in tactics on the part of the wily serpent, the dragon or the devil. The next verse enlarges on this change.
Revelation 11:15 And the serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood after the woman, that he might cause her to be carried away of the flood.
So when the devil failed to accomplish his design to destroy the saints and their witness, through violent persecution, he resorted to a new method of attack. Here we meet with a new symbol, that of a flood. The symbol of a flood is employed in the Word of God to represent some overpowering and overwhelming agency of destruction.
Let not the waterflood overflow me. (Psalms 69:15)
Thou carriest them away as with a flood. (Psalms 90:5)
The enemy shall come in like a flood. (Isaiah 59:19)
And the end thereof shall be with a flood. (Daniel 9:26)
Behold waters rise up out of the north, and shall be an overflowing flood. (Jeremiah 47:2)
This symbol is a most suitable one. None other could be employed which would so well picture the stupendous effort put forth by the devil to carry the church away and drown her testimony by the means of a flood of half truth, comprising alliances, false doctrines, pagan philosophies and practices, blended with the gospel. Since the true teaching comes from the mouth of the witnesses so here the flood pours from the mouth of the devil. This indicates false doctrines proceeding from the dragon’s mouth. And this is just what happened! After persecuting Diocletian came Constantine, who though a pagan embraced Christianity because he had won the battle of Milvian Bridge and he proceeded to corrupt the church with a flood of blended pagan philosophy and Christian doctrine. Thus we see the Smyrnan period of persecution fading out of the symbolic picture and the Pergamos period of compromise coming on the stage of church history. To save the church God carries her into hiding. And how long was she there? How long was she to be in the wilderness? 1260 years. We found in the second series of visions, consisting of the seven seals and the seven trumpets that this period began with the elevation of a man as Rector Ecclesiae, Lord of the church and ran until 1793, when the two witnesses were slain in the streets of that great citythe papal empire of Romethe apostate city in contradiction to the holy city. Much of this time corresponds to the Thyatira period or the Catholic church period.
Revelation 11:16 And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed up the flood which the dragon cast out of his mouth.
To exactly what providential deliverance from this flood the incident refers, it is most difficult to say, but a suggestion or two might help. Many of the heretical teachings of the early centuries disappeared, although it must be honestly admitted that others arose to take their places. But they were swallowed up, as if buried in the earth. Again: and this seems more likely, while apostate and pagan doctrines were flooding the religio-politico empire church with spiritual and doctrinal corruption, the truth of God was kept by a comparatively faithful few. These being unable to contend with the almost universal defection, contented themselves to dwell in obscurity or hiding. The Roman Church, which, was most certainly of the earth, swallowed up the flood of false teaching that poured out of the devil’s mouth.
Revelation 11:17 And the dragon was wroth with the woman and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.
God has always preserved to himself a remnant. In the days of Old Testament Israel’s worst defection God told Elijah:
Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him. (1 Kings 19:18)
That has been the case through all dispensations. It was true during the Thyatira, or Catholic period of church history. The Albigerses, the following of Huss, the Hugenots and others are but a few of the larger groups that bear out this truth, to say nothing of the countless little groups of faithful saints who kept the torch of truth aflame. Though not visible to the eye of the historians during this period of the dark ages, intellectually, doctrinally and spiritually, yet the true church fed and nourished by God, survived in the hearts of hidden saints. Then followed the age of awakening, when the Bible was translated into the common vernacular, and the Sardis, or reformation period appeared on the stage of action. This in turn was followed by the Philadelphia, or Restoration period in which the church of the First Century reappeared, speaking where the Bible speaks, and keeping silence where the Bible is silent.
Summary
In this chapter we have presented to us a very rapid survey of the progress of the divine decree I will put enmity between thee, (the devil) and the woman, but magnified in the enmity between the devil and the church, symbolized as a woman in Revelation. The design of the vision of the twelfth chapter of Revelation is to carry us forward with the rapidity of bold, symbolic strokes to portray the early and middle stages of this great conflict; until we arrive at the last stage as uncovered under the vision of the two wild beasts of Chapter thirteen. For whereas the events of the twelfth chapter are described with extreme brevity, with long periods of time compressed into a few words, in the thirteenth chapter the uncovering becomes more detailed and definite.
Revelation 12:7-12
Strauss-’ Comments SECTION 36
Text Revelation 12:7-12
7 And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels going forth to war with the dragon; and the dragon warred and his angels; 8 and they prevailed not, neither was their place found any more in heaven. 9 And the great dragon was cast down, the old serpent, he that is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world; he was cast down to the earth, and his angels were cast down with him. 10 And I heard a great voice in heaven saying,
Now is come the salvation, and the power, and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, who accuseth them before our God day and night. 11 And they overcame him because of the blood of the Lamb, and because of the word of their testimony, and they loved not their life even unto death. 12 Therefore rejoice O heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe for the earth and for the sea; because the devil is gone down unto you, having great wrath, knowing that he hath but a short time.
Initial Questions Revelation 12:7-12
Read Daniel 10:13; Daniel 10:21; Daniel 12:1, and Jude 1:9, then read Revelation 12:7.
What was the outcome of the War - Revelation 12:8?
Discuss and compare your image of Satan with the biblical information about his person - Revelation 12:9.
Read Job 1:6-12 and Revelation 12:10 - discuss and compare.
What enabled the saints to overcome Satan - Revelation 12:11?
Will the powers of darkness continue to tempt man - Revelation 12:12?
The grammar of this verse is difficult. There was a war in heaven (see Zechariah 3:1 ff) between Michael and his angels, and The Dragon and his angels. The Dragon is Satan; but who is Michael? The Jehovah’s Witnesses distort completely the person of Michael - when they identify him as Jesus Christ (claiming as they do that Christ is a created being). We first meet Michael the Archangel in Daniel 10:13 (see Edward J. Young, The Prophecy of Daniel, Eerdman, 1949, pp. 226-227), and then in Jude 1:9.
Negative critics attempt to ground John’s symbolism, etc. in the Apocrypha, i.e., The Book of Enoch, The Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, and the Apocalypse of Moses. This is absolutely unnecessary as the issues are already clearly mentioned in the Old Testament aspect of God’s Word. (For good discussion of Michael - see Hasting’s Bible Dictionary, and Dictionary of the Apostolic Church for article Michael.) In Daniel’s great prophecy it is Michael the archangel who sustains the cause of Israel and spiritual Israel (or The Church) in The Revelation. This is especially his work at the time of the great tribulation and just before the resurrection of the dead. (See Daniel 12:1; 1 Thessalonians 4:16 - Geerhardus Vos, The Pauline Eschatology, Eerdmans, 1952 reprint - for learned but simple statement of this phrase of Paul’s doctrine of the Last Things. The critical value of Vos-’ work is vitiated, because he does not give usable bibliographical information. This practice is acceptable for popular works, but certainly not for seriously advanced studies.)
Satan and his angels warred but prevailed not, neither (oude - not even was their place found any more (eti - still) in heaven. The power of darkness will not be victorious over the power of light. This is the Christian’s hope! (See Luke 10:18; John 12:31 - for Christ’s assertion of His final victory over Satan.)
The great dragon was cast (eblçthç - 1st aor. pass. - someone (God) - threw Satan out in a single act. It was not a struggle which required a process of determining who was sovereign - God or Satan). John describes Satan with further proper names. In Semitic thought - names always stand for a characteristic of the person. The being called one (kaloumenos - present-passive participle - continually being called by others) Devil, and Satan, the deceiving one (ho planôn - present - active - participle - the one continually deceiving - it is not merely an erratic deception, but a perpetual, never ceasing program) the whole earth (holçn oikoumençn - whole populated earth (world in sense of people) this is one of ten or so times this word appears in the New Testament. We derive the word ecumenical from it, though it is not used in its biblical sense (necessarily) in contemporary ecumenical theology) was cast (same form as above) to the earth in a single act.
Because Satan has been once for all cast down, John now reveals anew the message of our hope. The salvation, and the power, and the kingdom (reign) of our God (each of these nouns have a definite article), and the power (or authority - same Greek term) of his Christ (anointed one - Christ is Greek equivalent (?) of Hebrew term translated Messiah), because (hoti) the accuser of our brethren (this name for Satan is not used elsewhere in the New Testament) was cast down (1st aor. cast in a single act - once for all - same form as discussed in Revelation 12:9) the one accusing them before our God night and day.
And they (our brethren or Christians - onlythis vs. is eloquent testimony against contemporary universalism) over came (eniksesan - 1st aor. - act. ind. they overcame in a single act - once and for all - as a matter of fact) him (the accuser of the brethren), because of (the cause of the victory of the Saints) the blood of the Lamb. Here the vicarious atonement of Christ is once more asserted! (See appendix on The Blood.) And because of the Word of their witness (implying the necessity of being loyal to Christ in order to obtain victory). We see here the place of Christ in our redemption coupled with our faithfulness to the end. Both are essential for our salvation! And they loved not (ouk stands after kai and before çgapesan for emphasis on the not - -absolutely not-’) their life until death. Jesus declared that whoever loves his life more than Him will surely lose life. Here we see an example of those who loved The Lord and His Word more than anything, even security, that this world could offer. Many Christians in non-western (some European countries too) have learned this same lesson.
The transitional preposition Therefore means on account of the victory through Christ be glad (euphrainesthe - present imperative - middle voice - heaven is commanded to express joy continually).
John then continues with a warning to the earth and sea because the devil came down to you having (constantly having) great anger, (thumon - rage, boiling animosity) knowing that he has a short time. Satan’s time is limited by God; and Satan therefore takes full advantage of his permitted period to bring death, destruction, and temptation to the saints,
Review Questions - Chapter 12
See Revelation 12:13-17.
Revelation 12:13-17
Strauss-’ Comments SECTION 37
Text Revelation 12:13-17(18)
13 And when the dragon saw that he was cast down to the earth, he persecuted the woman that brought forth the man child. 14 And there were given to the woman the two wings of the great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness unto her place, where she is nourished, for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent. 15 And the serpent cast out of his mouth after the woman water as a river, that he might cause her to be carried away by the stream. 16 And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth and swallowed up the river which the dragon cast out of his mouth. 17 And the dragon waxed wroth with the woman, and went away to make war with the rest of her seed, that keep the commandments of God, and hold the testimony of Jesus:
Initial Questions Revelation 12:13-17
What change has taken place between Revelation 12:1 and Revelation 12:13 with regards to the location of Satan’s influence?
How does nature help the woman in Revelation 12:13? Does this show God’s ultimate control over all things?
The dragon prepared to make war with whom in Revelation 12:17?
The dragon momentarily rallied from his defeat, and immediately began pursuing the woman who bore the masculine child. Though it is too difficult to consider here in our brief commentary, the woman probably symbolizes both the mother of our Virgin born Lord and Spiritual Israel - The Church. If we were producing a technical commentary this is the interpretation the present author would attempt to defend, or at least make feasible. Note that the action is again on the earth.
Satan relentlessly attacks the masculine child in order to destroy him, but God’s providential protection sustains in the hours of greatest threat. The identification of the time element here (as a time and times and half a time) with the 1260 days of Rev 12:6 is most helpful. In both verses, the scope of time covered the period of the woman’s nourishment.
Satan seeks to destroy the woman by way of a great amount of water (hôs or as - like a river - John is not declaring that it was a river). It is clear from this verse that Satan has great powers.
Nature is here utilized by God to protect the woman. Satan and his angels have great unnatural powers, because the dragon cast out of his mouth a river (see Revelation 12:15 - hôs like or as a river). This clearly implies that the working of mighty deeds do not always find their source of power in God - often the source is Satan. Today we have many who preach things which are contrary to the scriptures and at the same time claim that God is blessing their ministry by enabling them to perform mighty deeds. The claim is easy enough to make, but it is impossible to prove that the deeds are of God!
Satan could not destroy The woman, as the woman stands for both the mother of Christ and Spiritual Israel or The Church. Christ said that the gates of hades will not prevail against it (Matthew 16:18), so he (Satan) redirected his forces to attack the Church. John calls The Church the ones keeping (present participle - continually keeping) the commandments of God, and the ones having (present participle - continually having) the witness of Jesus. This description could only fit The Church of Jesus Christ giving faithful testimony. The two marks of a New Testament Christian are always (1) keeping the commandments; and (2) bearing testimony to Christ as Lord.
Rev. 12:18
The 1901 translation places this last verse with chapter 13 and makes it verse one of that chapter instead of Rev. 12:18 of chapter 12. Why? We cannot here enter textual criticism, nor the problem of verse and chapter divisions (neither of which were in the original or oldest extant Greek texts), but the text reads and he stood (estathç - 1st aor. passive voice - 3rd person sing. - instead of estathçn - 1st aor. passive 1st person singular) on the sand of the sea. The antecedent of he connects grammatically with Revelation 12:17, but if the text reads I, then it would connect best chapter Revelation 13:1. There are texts which have both readings (not the same text), but the best attested reading is he stood.
Note: For advanced students the following works will be imperative. H. Gunkel, Schöpfung und chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit (Creation and Chaos in Beginning Time and End Time - this work is a comparative critique of Genesis chp 1 and Revelation chp. 12. This work takes a negative attitude toward God’s Word via its form-analysis; and Pierre Prigent, Histoirie de l-’exégèse, J. C. B. Mohr, Tubingen, 1959 - (this is a history of the exegesis of Revelation, chp. 12 - excellent.)
Review Questions - Chapter 12
Read Genesis 3:15 and then discuss the significance of the victory of the masculine child over Satan.
Discuss Satan’s attempts to destroy Christ as recorded in the Gospel record.
Who prepared the hiding place of the woman - Revelation 12:6?
Who do the Jehovah’s Witnesses say that Michael is - Revelation 12:7?
How can we harmonize Christ’s victory over evil and the empirical fact that evil persists to this day - Revelation 12:8?
What enabled the saints to attain final victory - Revelation 12:11?
Is the vicarious atonement of Christ alone enough for our salvation - Revelation 12:11?
How does Satan’s knowledge of his limited time affect his efforts to destroy the work of God - Revelation 12:12?
Does Satan have supernatural power - Revelation 12:15?
Discuss Satan’s power in light of the contemporary claims to be able to perform miracles.
What are two marks of a Christian - Revelation 12:17?
Discuss why the present author places Rev. 12:18 with chp. 12 instead of placing it as Revelation 12:1 - chp. 13. The 1901 gives the reading he stood, yet still places the verse in chp. 13. What is the antecedent of he in this case?
AN OUTLINE TO THE BIBLICAL DOCTRINE OF THE VIRGIN BIRTH
INTRODUCTION: The early twentieth century modernist-fundamentalist controversy; controversy renewed since publication of R.S.V. (1954) and the change of virgin (of K.J. Version, 1901) in Isaiah 7:14 to young woman. See also the new Jewish translation.
I.
VOCABULARY: ETYMOLOGICAL (OR ROOT) SIGNIFICANCE AND BIBLICAL USE:
A.
Oth - sign(not the regular word for miracle).
Numbers 14:22; Deuteronomy 11:3; Isaiah 7:14.
B.
Mopheth - wonder, sign, miracle(regular word for miracle).
C.
almah
Genesis 24:43; Exodus 2:8; Psalms 68:25; Proverbs 30:19; Son 1:13; Son 6:8; Isaiah 7:14.
D.
bethulah - (metaphorically used of Israel as married to God)
Joe 1:8; Jeremiah 18:13; Jeremiah 31:4; Jeremiah 31:21.
c.f. Very important: Rebekah is called bethulah in Genesis 24:16 and almah in Genesis 24:43.
II.
OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES
Isaiah 7:14 f: Study of Background:
Situation under which Isaiah made the assertion.
The significance of the statement for 18th century B.C. Israel and for the Christian today.
III.
SEPTUAGINT VERSION (Gr. version of the Hebrew Old Testament)
Parthenos (virgin): translates bethulah, narah, almah. L.X.X. use of parthenos to refer to young girl no longer virgin - Genesis 34:13.
IV.
NEW TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES
A.
Matthew 1:23 - parthenos.
B.
The virgin birth and the Biblical Doctrine of Christ (nature of).
V.
THE VIRGIN BIRTH AND MARYOLATRY
A.
Matthew 1:25 - Knew her not till.
B.
Luke 1:26-38highly favored (passive participle - the having been favored one).
C.
Latin translation - Ave gratia plena (Hail, full of grace) (implies that Mary can and does dispence grace to sinners).
D.
K.J. Luke 1:28Blessed art thou among women; Textually this phrase does not belong in Scriptures.
E.
Jesus-’ brothers (adelphoi) Matthew 13:55-56; Luke 11:27-28.
F.
Jesus refused special reverence to be accorded her (Matthew 12:46-50).
G.
Marian Congress at Ottawa in 1947 provided Mary with the status of co-redemptrix (queen of heaven - as co-redeemer).
Pope Pius XII issued the bull, Ineffabilis Deus - Dogma of Immaculate Conception.
Munificentissimus Deus - dogma of the bodily assumption of Mary.
H.
Mary’s supposed Immaculate Conception and the Non-biblical doctrine of original sin.
VI.
THE VIRGIN BIRTH IN PATRISTIC LITERATURE (APOSTOLIC FATHERS)
A.
2nd Century attack and answers (attack on V.B. is not new).
B.
Justin Martyr - DIALOGUE OF TRYPHO
VII.
SCIENCE AND THE VIRGIN BIRTH
A.
Modern scientific logic and the virgin birth.
B.
Miracle and the Biblical world view.
Note: Revelation, chapter 12, 1ff. Reference to Virgin Birth - the masculine child - problem of Virgin Birth in light of Revised Standard Version and new edition of Jewish Bible.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bratcher, Robert G., Study of Isa 7:14, The Bible Translator, Vol. 9, no. 3, July 1958; Good, but not exhaustive bibliography.
Christianity Today - Volume IV, No. 5, December 7, 1959.
McRay, John, The Virgin Birth - provides many valuable bibliographical items - vol. 3, no. 2, 2nd q., 1959, The Restoration Quarterly - the only competent quarterly produced by men committed to Restoration Principle - non-instrumental brethren.
Strauss, James D., Miracle of His Coming, The Christian Standard, Cincinnati, Ohio, December 24, 1960