Menu

2 Kings 9:20 — Word Study

Depth

WLCוַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּ֥א עַד־ אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹֽא־ שָׁ֑ב וְהַמִּנְהָ֗ג כְּמִנְהַג֙ יֵה֣וּא בֶן־ נִמְשִׁ֔י כִּ֥י בְשִׁגָּע֖וֹן יִנְהָֽג׃

BSAAgain the watchmantsâphâh [observer, one who waits and watches] reportednâgad He reachedbôwʼ themʼêl [came to them, arrived at their location] but he is notlôʼ coming backshûwb [does not return, will not come again] And the charioteerminhâg [driver, one who guides the chariot] is driving likeminhâg [guiding, controlling the vehicle] JehuYêhûwʼ [a king of Israel] sonbên of NimshiNimshîy [rescued, saved] he is drivingnâhag [controlling, guiding] like a madmanshiggâʻôwn [with madness, in a furious manner, with intense fury]

Word
Listen & take away2 Kings 9
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 20 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (yin.Hag) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
2 Kings 9:20quick helps
In a sentenceThe watchman reports on Jehu's erratic driving, comparing it to madness.
Who is speakingThe watchman, a lookout observing the approaching charioteer.
Where we areIn the midst of a tense moment as Jehu approaches the king.
The hard wordשִׁגָּעוֹן
Take awayThe urgency of the situation is emphasized by the watchman's report.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbנָגַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 2 Kings 9:20

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Report of the Watchmangenerated

19So the king sent out a second horseman, who went to them and said, “This is what the king asks: ‘Have you come in peace?’” “What do you know about peace?” Jehu replied. “Fall in behind me.”
20Again the watchman reported, “He reached them, but he is not coming back. And the charioteer is driving like Jehu son of Nimshi —he is driving like a madman!”
21“Harness!” Joram shouted, and they harnessed his chariot. Then Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah set out, each in his own chariot, and met Jehu on the property of Naboth the Jezreelite.
22When Joram saw Jehu, he asked, “Have you come in peace, Jehu?” “How can there be peace,” he replied, “as long as the idolatry and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel abound?”

2 Kings 9:20 details the watchman's urgent report about Jehu's reckless driving. This moment occurs during a critical time when Jehu is on his way to confront King Joram, and the watchman's observation highlights the intensity and chaos of the situation. The comparison to madness underscores the watchman's concern about Jehu's approach and foreshadows the impending confrontation.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Habakkuk 1:6For behold, I am raising up the Chaldeans — that ruthless and impetuous nation which marches through the breadth of the earth to seize dwellings not their own.
2Habakkuk 3:12You marched across the earth with fury; You threshed the nations in wrath.
32 Kings 10:16saying, “Come with me and see my zeal for the LORD!” So he had him ride in his chariot.
4Ecclesiastes 9:10Whatever you find to do with your hands, do it with all your might, for in Sheol, where you are going, there is no work or planning or knowledge or wisdom.
5Isaiah 54:16Behold, I have created the craftsman who fans the coals into flame and forges a weapon fit for its task; and I have created the destroyer to wreak havoc.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word וַיַּגֵּ֤ד, vai.ya.Gedgenerated

The verb נָגַד (nagad) means to report or declare something openly. It is a Hiphil form, indicating an action done to someone else, in this case, the watchman reporting to those present. The word conveys a sense of urgency and clarity in communication, essential in the context of a watchman who must alert others to approaching danger.

In this verse, the watchman uses נָגַד to convey critical information about Jehu's arrival and behavior, emphasizing the need for immediate awareness and action.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb, וַיַּגֵּ֤ד, he reported, governs the entire sentence. It introduces the subject, the watchman, and connects to several clauses that elaborate on what he observed.

The structure includes a series of clauses that describe the watchman's report, the actions of Jehu, and the comparison to madness, creating a layered understanding of the urgency and chaos surrounding Jehu's approach.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וַיַּגֵּ֤ד as ἀπήγγειλεν (apēngeilen), meaning 'he announced' or 'reported.' This choice emphasizes the act of making something known, aligning with the Hebrew meaning but also suggesting a formal declaration.

The term used for שִׁגָּעוֹן is less direct in the Septuagint, indicating a broader interpretation of the madness described, which may reflect the translators' understanding of Jehu's behavior.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

2 Kings 9:20 describes a watchman who reports on Jehu's arrival. He notes that Jehu is driving wildly, comparing his driving style to that of a madman. This highlights the urgency and chaos of the moment as Jehu approaches the king.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the watchman's report signify?

The watchman's report signifies the urgency and potential danger posed by Jehu's reckless driving as he approaches the king.

Why is Jehu's driving compared to madness?

Jehu's driving is compared to madness to emphasize the erratic and dangerous nature of his approach, suggesting that he is on a mission that may be violent or chaotic.

What role does the watchman play in this scene?

The watchman serves as a crucial observer, alerting others to Jehu's arrival and the implications of his behavior, which is vital in the context of impending conflict.

How does this verse connect to the larger narrative?

This verse connects to the larger narrative of Jehu's rise to power and the overthrow of the previous king, highlighting the tension and drama of the moment.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does the watchman's observation teach us about the importance of vigilance?
  2. How can we apply the concept of reporting important information in our own lives?
  3. In what ways do we see 'madness' or chaos in our own environments?
  4. How can we prepare for unexpected situations like the one described in this verse?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 2 Kings 9:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And the watchman told, saying, he came even unto them, and cometh not again,.... Was detained, as the other was: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for, coming nearer, the

Read John Gill on 2 Kings 9 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said, Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu said, What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.

Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Kings 9 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

As his temper is hasty and fierce, so is his march.

Read Matthew Poole on 2 Kings 9 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

2 Kings 9:20 And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh not again: and the driving [is] like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.Ver. 20. For he driveth furiously.] Heb., In madness: “ Sic Caesar in omnia praeceps, Nil actum credens, dum quid superesset agendum, Fertur atrox. ” - Lucan. The Chaldee here paraphraseth, quoniam lente incedit; and Josephus hath it, he marcheth slowly with a well-ordered troop: but the Hebrew word is the same with that in 2 Kings 9:11, rightly rendered mad fellow, and here madly, headlongly, as if he would kill his horses with fast riding.

Read John Trapp on 2 Kings 9 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(20) Driving.—Correct. The margin is wrong. The son of Nimshi.—Jehu was son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi. The former phrase may have fallen out of the text here. (Yet comp. 2 Kings 8:26, “Athaliah daughter of Omri.”) The Syriac and Arabic call Jehu “the son of Nimshi” in 2 Kings 9:2 also. He driveth ſ ?uriously—i.e., the foremost charioteer so drives. The word rendered “furiously” is related to that rendered “mad fellow” in 2 Kings 9:11. (Comp. margin here.) Jehu’s chariot swayed unsteadily as he drove madly on. LXX., ἐνπαραλλαγῇ. The Targum explains in an exactly opposite sense, “quietly;” and so Josephus: “Jehu was driving rather slowly, and in orderly fashion” (perhaps confounding…

Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Kings 9 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 20. He driveth furiously] Jehu was a bold, daring, prompt, and precipitate general. In his various military operations he had established his character; and now it was almost proverbial.

Read AdamClarke on 2 Kings 9 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

20. the driving is like the driving of Jehu] It is clear from this that Jehu was well known, and the manner in which he would lead forward his men was unmistakeable. the son of Nimshi] Really ‘grandson’, see verse 2, and the note on chapter 2 Kings 8:28. he driveth furiously] The word rendered ‘furiously’ is from the same root as that rendered ‘mad’ in verse 11. This is the sense given by the Greek and Latin versions, but Josephsus as if explaining this word says ‘Jehu journeyed leisurely and in good order’. The Chaldee and Arabic also explain it by ‘quietly’.

Read Cambridge on 2 Kings 9 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The driving ... furiously - The word translated “driving” means “leading” or “conducting” a band.

Read Albert Barnes on 2 Kings 9 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Again the watchman reported, “He reached them, but he is not coming back. And the charioteer is driving like Jehu son of Nimshi —he is driving like a madman!”

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The watchman said, “He came to them, and isn’t coming back. The driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi, for he drives furiously.”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Again the watchman reported, “He reached them, but he is not coming back. And the charioteer is driving like Jehu son of Nimshi—he is driving like a madman!”

NETBNew English Translation2006

The watchman reported, “He reached them, but hasn’t started back. The one who drives the lead chariot drives like Jehu son of Nimshi; he drives recklessly.”

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh not again: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh not back: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh not again: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And the watchman told, saying, He came even to them, and doth not return? and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And the watchman tolde, saying, He came to them also, but commeth not againe, and the marching is like the marching of Iehu the sonne of Nimshi: for he marcheth furiously.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And the watchman told saying, He came to them, and does not return. And the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he drives furiously.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And the watchman declareth, saying, 'He came unto them, and he hath not returned, and the driving [is] like the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi, for with madness he driveth.'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And the watchman declares, saying, “He came to them, and he has not returned, and the driving [is] like the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi, for he drives with madness.”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And the watchman told, saying, He came up to them, but he hath not returned: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth as though he were mad.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Again the watchman reported, “He has met them, but he is not coming back. For the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives; he is driving wildly.”

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And the watchman told, saying: He came even to them, but returneth not: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Namsi, for he drives furiously.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The watchman reported, “The messenger has reached them, but he's not returning. The driving looks like the driving of Jehu, son of Nimshi—he's a crazy driver!”

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And the watchman gave them word, saying, He went up to them and has not come back again; and the driving is like the driving of Jehu, son of Nimshi, for he is driving violently.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיַּגֵּ֤דhe.reportednoun phrase · subjectהַtheצֹּפֶה֙watchmanprepositional phrase · prepositionalלֵ(cmp)clauseverbאמֹ֔רsayingclauseverbבָּ֥אhe.cameprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseעַדtoאֲלֵיtoהֶ֖םthemוְandclauseadverbialלֹֽאnotverbשָׁ֑בhe.has.turned.backוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectהַtheמִּנְהָ֗גdrivingprepositional phrase · predicateכְּ[is].likenoun phraseמִנְהַג֙the.drivingnoun phraseיֵה֣וּאof.Jehunoun phraseבֶןthe.sonנִמְשִׁ֔יof.Nimshiכִּ֥י(dm)clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְwithשִׁגָּע֖וֹןmadnessverbיִנְהָֽגhe.drives

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in this verse, with a close correspondence in wording. However, the Septuagint's phrasing and structure differ slightly, reflecting its own interpretative choices.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּ֥א עַד־ אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹֽא־ שָׁ֑ב וְהַמִּנְהָ֗ג כְּמִנְהַג֙ יֵה֣וּא בֶן־ נִמְשִׁ֔י כִּ֥י בְשִׁגָּע֖וֹן יִנְהָֽג׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיַּגֵּ֤דἀπήγγειλενהַצֹּפֶה֙σκοπὸςלֵאמֹ֔רλέγωνבָּ֥אἦλθενעַד־ἕωςוְלֹֽא־οὐκשָׁ֑בἀνέστρεψενוְהַמִּנְהָ֗גἄγωνכְּמִנְהַג֙ἦγενיֵה֣וּאιουבֶן־υἱὸνנִמְשִׁ֔יναμεσσιουכִּ֥יὅτιבְשִׁגָּע֖וֹןπαραλλαγῇ

14 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

2 Kings 9:20נָגַדand he repoand he reportedנָגַדצָפָהthe watchmathe watchmanצָפָהאָמַרsayingsayingאָמַרבּוֹאhe camehe cameבּוֹאעַדtotoעַדאֶלto themto themאֶללֹאand notand notלֹאשׁוּבhe has turnhe has turned bשׁוּבמִנְהָגand the driand the drivingמִנְהָגמִנְהָג[is] like [[is] like [the]מִנְהָגיֵהוּאJehuJehuיֵהוּאבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןנִמְשִׁיNimshiNimshiנִמְשִׁיכִּיforforכִּישִׁגָּעוֹןwith madneswith madnessשִׁגָּעוֹןנָהַגhe driveshe drivesנָהַגנָהַגto leadto leadנָהַגיהוהThe LordThe Lordיהוהבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהמָשָׁהto drawto drawמָשָׁהשָׁגַעbe madbe madשָׁגַעעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאמִגְדָּלtowertowerמִגְדָּלנָגַדto tellto tellנָגַדכֹּהthusthusכֹּהיהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/Godיהוהשֶׁ֫מֶשׁsunsunשֶׁ֫מֶשׁמָתַיhowhowמָתַיעֶ֫רֶבeveningeveningעֶ֫רֶבפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַליִרְמְיָ֫הJeremiahJeremiahיִרְמְיָ֫היָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 2 Kings 9:20

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
וַיַּגֵּ֤דvai.ya.Ged and he reported H5046 Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
371× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To tell or declare something openly, as in Genesis 3:11 where God asks Adam to tell the truth. It means to stand boldly and announce something to someone present. In Exodus 32:27, Moses tells the Levites to declare their actions to the people.
Tyndale gloss
to tell
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָגַד (nagad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to declare or tell, with implications of being conspicuous or manifesting something. It covers a range of meanings including to announce, report, and make known, often through spoken word. The entries indicate that it can also mean to expose or predict, and in the Hophil form, it refers to something being told or reported.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָגַד] 363 vb. be conspicuous

Hiph. declare, tell

Hoph. be told, announced, reported

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5046 נָגַד be conspicuous . declare, tell

. be told, announced, reported

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5046 nagad naw-gad'

a primitive root; properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out

opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest;

figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one

present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain,

praise:--bewray, X certainly, certify, declare(-ing),

denounce, expound, X fully, messenger, plainly, profess,

rehearse, report, shew (forth), speak, X surely, tell, utter.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָגַד (na.gad) — to tell.

1) to be conspicuous, tell, make known

1a) (Hiphil) to tell, declare

1a1) to tell, announce, report

1a2) to declare, make known, expound

1a3) to inform of

1a4) to publish, declare, proclaim

1a5) to avow, acknowledge, confess

1a5a) messenger (participle)

1b) (Hophal) to be told, be announced, be reported

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vhw3ms
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
הַצֹּפֶה֙ha.tzo.Peh the watchman H6822 Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine singular
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Tsaphah means to watch or observe, often by leaning forward to see into the distance. It can also mean to wait or keep watch, like a guard.
Amplified meaning
observer, one who waits and watches
Tyndale gloss
to watch
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָפָה (tsaphah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to look out, spy, or keep watch. It is built from a primitive root implying leaning forward to observe or await. The word covers a range of meanings including to behold, espy, and watch closely. In the Old Testament, it can also refer to a watchman.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָפָה] 37 vb. look out or about, spy, keep watch

Qal 28 keep watch; elsewh. as subst. watchman

Pi. watch (closely); pt. as n. = watchman

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6822 צָפָה look out or about, spy, keep watch

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6822 tsaphah tsaw-faw'

a primitive root; properly, to lean forward, i.e. to peer

into the distance; by implication, to observe, await:--

behold, espy, look up (well), wait for, (keep the)

watch(-man).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָפָה (tsa.phah) — to watch.

1) to look out or about, spy, keep watch, observe, watch

1a)(Qal) to keep watch, spy

1b) (Piel) to watch, watch closely

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | V-Qal — Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine singular
HTd/Vqrmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

woch'-man (tsopheh, shomer, metsappeh, notser): Used to designate a sentinel on the city walls (2Sa 18:25; 2Ki 9:18; Ps 127:1; Isa 62:6) or on the hilltops (Jer 31:6). So 3:3; 5:7 introduces another class, "the watchmen that go about the city," and thus, it would seem, points to some system of municipal police. The distinction in meaning between the various words is clear, tsopheh having the idea of "outlooker" and notser that of "careful watcher" (being applied even to besiegers from outside: Jer 4:16

Nave's Topical Bible

→ (A sentinel)

→ On the walls of cities So 3:3; 5:7

→ Of Jerusalem 2Sa 13:34; 18:24,25; Ne 4:9; 7:3; Isa 52:8; 62:6

→ Of Babylon Jer 51:12

→ On towers 2Ki 9:17; 2Ch 20:24; Isa 21:5-12; Jer 31:6

→ At the gates of the temple 2Ki 11:6,7

→ Alarm of, given by trumpets Eze 33:3-6

and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
לֵאמֹ֔רle.Mor saying H559 Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common
5,309× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Tyndale gloss
to say
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say

Qal

Say

Say in the heart (= think)

Promise

Command (esp. late)

Niph. be said, told

Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

Hithp. act proudly, boast

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say

. Say in the heart (= think)

. Promise

. Command (esp. late)

. be said, told

. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

. act proudly, boast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

559 'amar aw-mar'

a primitive root; to say (used with great

latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,

certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),

commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X

expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,

publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X

suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),

utter, X verily, X yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Vqcc — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common
HR/Vqcc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
בָּ֥אba' he came H935 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
2,573× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Tyndale gloss
Lebo
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go

Qal

come in

come (approach, arrive)

go, i.e. walk, associate with

go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

Hiph.

cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

Hoph.

be brought in (of pers. and things)

be brought

be introduced, put

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in

. come (approach, arrive)

. go, i.e. walk, associate with

. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

. . be brought in (of pers. and things)

. be brought

. be introduced, put

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

935 bow' bo

a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of

applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +

besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X

certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,

upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,

(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be

fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),

grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,

pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken

(in age), X surely, take (in), way.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.

: come/go_in

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

1a5) to go

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to lead in

1b2) to carry in

1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon

1b4) to bring to pass

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought, brought in

1c2) to be introduced, be put

לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).

This name means to go in, enter

Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.

: towards/entrance

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
עַד־'ad- to H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם'a.lei.Hem to them H413 Preposition · suffix
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Amplified meaning
came to them, arrived at their location
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3mp
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
וְלֹֽא־ve.lo'- and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
שָׁ֑בShav he has turned back H7725 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
1,057× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to return or turn back, and can be used literally or figuratively. It is often used to describe someone returning to God or repenting from sin, as seen in the book of Psalms and the prophets.
Amplified meaning
does not return, will not come again
Tyndale gloss
to return: return
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return

Qal 683;—turn back, return:

turn back

return, come or go back

esp. return unto

of dying

of revival from death

fig. of human relations:

return to leader, king

= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

turn, i.e. resort to

return to a physical condition

abs. = change course of action

fig., specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God = apostatize

of י׳, turn away

turn back to God (= seek penitently)

abs. repent

turn back from evil

of י׳

of י׳, return (to shew favour)

of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

denoting repetition, etc.

trans.

Pō‛l.

bring back

fig. restore, refresh

restore, repair

lead away (enticingly)

shew turning = apostatize

Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back

bring back into bondage

put back

= draw back

= give back, restore

= relinguish

= give in payment, requital

bring one back (from dead)

bring back heart

= refresh

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back

. return, come or go back

. esp. return unto

. . of dying

. of revival from death

. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king

. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

. turn, i.e. resort to

. return to a physical condition

. abs. = change course of action

. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize

. of י׳, turn away

. turn back to God (= seek penitently)

. abs. repent

. turn back from evil

. of י׳

. of י׳, return (to shew favour)

. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

. denoting repetition, etc.

. trans.

. . bring back

. . fig. restore, refresh

. restore, repair

. lead away (enticingly)

. shew turning = apostatize

. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage

. put back

. = draw back

. = give back, restore

. = relinguish

. = give in payment, requital

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7725 shuwb shoob

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or

intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily

with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to

retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,

dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,

make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer

(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring

(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),

cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +

continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,

fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give

(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)

more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put

(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,

relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.

: return

1) to return, turn back

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn back, return

1a1a) to turn back

1a1b) to return, come or go back

1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back

1a1d) of dying

1a1e) of human relations (fig)

1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)

1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise

1a1f2) to turn away (of God)

1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent

1a1f4) turn back (from evil)

1a1g) of inanimate things

1a1h) in repetition

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to bring back

1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)

1b3) to lead away (enticingly)

1b4) to show turning, apostatise

1c) (Pual) restored (participle)

1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back

1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment

1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore

1d3) to bring back, report to, answer

1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
וְהַמִּנְהָ֗גve.ha.min.Hag and the driving H4491 Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for driving, specifically a chariot, is used to describe the action of controlling or guiding a vehicle. This word is related to charioteering and the skill of driving.
Amplified meaning
driver, one who guides the chariot
Tyndale gloss
driving
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִנְהָג (minhag) refers to the act of driving, particularly in the context of charioteering. It is derived from a root meaning to drive and is used in the Old Testament, specifically noted in 2 Kings 9:20.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִנְהָג n.m. driving, charioteering;—abs. מ׳ 2 K 9:20; cstr. מִנְהַג v 20.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4491 מִנְהָג

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4491 minhag min-hawg'

from 5090; the driving (of a chariot):--driving.

see HEBREW for 05090

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִנְהָג (min.hag) — driving.

driving, charioteering

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Art | N-ms — Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Td/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ Rapid, by Jehu 2Ki 9:20

and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
כְּמִנְהַג֙ke.min.Hag [is] like [the] driving of H4491 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for driving, specifically a chariot, is used to describe the action of controlling or guiding a vehicle. This word is related to charioteering and the skill of driving.
Amplified meaning
guiding, controlling the vehicle
Tyndale gloss
driving
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִנְהָג (minhag) refers to the act of driving, particularly in the context of charioteering. It is derived from a root meaning to drive and is used in the Old Testament, specifically noted in 2 Kings 9:20.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִנְהָג n.m. driving, charioteering;—abs. מ׳ 2 K 9:20; cstr. מִנְהַג v 20.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4491 מִנְהָג

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4491 minhag min-hawg'

from 5090; the driving (of a chariot):--driving.

see HEBREW for 05090

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִנְהָג (min.hag) — driving.

driving, charioteering

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
יֵה֣וּאye.Hu' Jehu H3058 Noun proper masculine
58× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jehu was the name of several Israelites, including a king who overthrew the dynasty of Omri and a prophet who lived during the time of Baasha and Jehoshaphat. His name means Jehovah is He.
Amplified meaning
a king of Israel
Tyndale gloss
Jehu
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יֵהוּא (yehu) means 'Jehovah is He' and refers primarily to Jehu, a king of Israel known for overthrowing the Omri dynasty. The name also identifies several other individuals from the Old Testament, including a prophet and warriors from the tribes of Judah and Simeon, as well as a notable figure in David's court. The entries consistently highlight Jehu's significance during the Divided Monarchy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יֵהוּא n.pr.m.

king of Israel who overthrew the dynasty of Omri

prophet of N. Israel in time of Baasha & Jehoshaphat

one of David’s heroes

a Judahite

a Simeonite prince

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3058 יֵהוּא

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3058 Yehuw' yay-hoo'

from 3068 and 1931; Jehovah (is) He; Jehu, the name of five

Israelites:--Jehu.

see HEBREW for 03068

see HEBREW for 01931

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יֵהוּא (ye.hu) — Jehu.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.16.1;

son of: Hanani (H2607)

§ Jehu = "Jehovah is He"

1) the king of the northern kingdom Israel who overthrew the dynasty of Omri

2) son of Hanani and an Israelite prophet in the time of Baasha and Jehoshaphat

3) the Antothite, a Benjamite, one of David's mighty warriors

4) a descendant of Judah of the house of Hezron

5) son of Josibiah and a chief of the tribe of Simeon

יֵהוּא (ye.hu) — Jehu.

A king of the Kingdom of Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.19.16;

son of: Jehoshaphat (H3092J);

father of: Jehoahaz (H3059)

§ Jehu = "Jehovah is He"

1) the king of the northern kingdom Israel who overthrew the dynasty of Omri

2) son of Hanani and an Israelite prophet in the time of Baasha and Jehoshaphat

3) the Antothite, a Benjamite, one of David's mighty warriors

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

je'-hu (yehu; meaning uncertain, perhaps "Yahweh is he"; 1Ki 19:16,17; 2Ki 9; 10; Eiou): Son of Jehoshaphat, and descendant of Nimshi, hence, commonly called "the son of Nimshi"; 10th king of Israel, and founder of its IVth Dynasty. Jehu reign for 28 years. His accession may be reckoned at circa 752 BC (some date a few years later).

1. Officer of Ahab:

A soldier of fortune, Jehu appears first as an officer in the body-guard of Ahab. To himself we owe the information that he was present at the judicial murder of Naboth, and that Naboth's sons were put to death with their father (2Ki 9:26). He was in attendance when Ahab drove from Samaria to inspect his new possession in Jezreel, and was witness of the dramatic encounter at the vineyard between the king and the prophet Elijah…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Jehu

Jehovah is he. (1.) The son of Obed, and father of Azariah (1 Chr. 2:38).

(2.) One of the Benjamite slingers that joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:3).

(3.) The son of Hanani, a prophet of Judah (1 Kings 16:1, 7; 2 Chr. 19:2; 20:34), who pronounced the sentence of God against Baasha, the king of Israel.

(4.) King of Israel, the son of Jehoshaphat (2 Kings 9:2), and grandson of Nimshi. The story of his exaltation to the throne is deeply interesting. During the progress of a war against the Syrians, who were becoming more and more troublesome to Israel, in a battle at Ramoth-gilead Jehoram, the king of Israel, had been…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(the living). The founder of the fifth dynasty of the kingdom of Israel, son of Jehoshaphat. (2 Kings 9:2) He reigned over Israel 28 years, B.C. 884-856. His first appearance in history is when he heard the warning of Elijah against the murderer of Naboth. (2 Kings 9:25) In the reigns of Ahaziah and Jehoram, Jehu rose to importance. He was, under the last-named king, captain of the host in the siege of Ramoth-gilead. During this siege he was anointed by Elisha’s servant, and told that he was appointed to be king of Israel and destroyer of the house of Ahab. (2 Kings 9:12) The army at once ordained him king, and he set off full speed for Jezreel. Jehoram, who was lying ill in Jezreel, came out to meet him, as it happened on the…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The son of Hanani, a prophet, sent with messages from God to Baasha king of Israel, and many years afterwards, to Jehoshaphat king of Judah, 1Ki 16:1-7 2Ch 19:1-3 20:34.

The "son" of Jehoshaphat and grandson of Nimshi, (compare 1Ki 19:16 2Ki 9:2) a general of the army of Joram, slew his master, and usurped the throne of Israel, B. C. 884. He reigned twentyeight years. See his history in 1Ki 19:16,17 2Ki 9:1-10:36. He fulfilled the divine purpose in extirpating the family of the impious Ahab, and zealously destroyed the priests of Baal and many other friends of Ahab. But…

and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
בֶן־ven- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
נִמְשִׁ֔יnim.Shi Nimshi H5250 Noun proper masculine
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Nimshi was the grandfather of Jehu, a king of Israel. His name means rescued, and he is mentioned in 1 Kings 19:16 as part of Jehu's family line.
Amplified meaning
rescued, saved
Tyndale gloss
Nimshi
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נִמְשִׁי (nimshiy) refers to Nimshi, the grandfather of Jehu, a figure from the Kingdom of Israel during the Divided Monarchy. The name is thought to mean 'rescued' and is linked to the root word for extrication. It is first mentioned in 1 Kings 19:16.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נִמְשִׁי n.pr.m. grandfather of Jehu

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5250 נִמְשִׁי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5250 Nimshiy nim-shee'

probably from 4871; extricated; Nimshi, the (grand-)father of

Jehu:--Nimshi.

see HEBREW for 04871

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נִמְשִׁי (nim.shi) — Nimshi.

A man of the Kingdom of Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.19.16;

father of: Jehoshaphat (H3092J)

§ Nimshi = "rescued"

grandfather of Jehu

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

nim'-shi (nimshi): The grandfather of Jehu (2Ki 9:2,14). Jehu's usual designation is "son of Nimshi" (1Ki 19:16).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Nimshi

Saved. Jehu was “the son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi” (2 Kings 9:2; comp. 1 Kings 19:16).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(rescued), the grandfather of Jehu, who is generally called "the son of Nimshi." (1 Kings 19:16; 2 Kings 9:2; 14,20; 2 Chronicles 22:7)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

rescued from danger

and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
כִּ֥יki for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTc — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
בְשִׁגָּע֖וֹןve.shi.ga.'on with madness H7697 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This noun means madness or craziness, describing a state of intense fury or insanity. It is used to convey extreme emotions in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
with madness, in a furious manner, with intense fury
Tyndale gloss
madness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שִׁגָּעוֹן (*shigga`own*) means 'madness' or 'craziness.' It is derived from the root שִׁגָּע (*shigga`*), which also relates to madness. The entries consistently define it as a state of being mad or crazed.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שִׁגָּעוֹן n.m. madness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7697 שִׁגָּעוֹן madness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7697 shigga`own shig-gaw-yone'

from 7696; craziness:--furiously, madness.

see HEBREW for 07696

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שִׁגָּעוֹן (shig.ga.on) — madness.

madness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

mad'-nes.

See MAD, MADNESS.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Madness

This word is used in its proper sense in Deut. 28:34, John 10:20, 1 Cor. 14:23. It also denotes a reckless state of mind arising from various causes, as over-study (Eccl. 1:17; 2:12), blind rage (Luke 6:11), or a depraved temper (Eccl. 7:25; 9:3; 2 Pet. 2:16). David feigned madness (1 Sam. 21:13) at Gath because he “was sore afraid of Achish.”

Smith's Bible Dictionary

In Scripture "madness" is recognized as a derangement proceeding either from weakness and misdirection of intellect or from ungovernable violence of passion. In one passage alone, (John 10:20) is madness expressly connected with demoniacal possession by the Jews in their cavil against our Lord; in none is it referred to any physical causes.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See INSANITY

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he reported the watchman saying he came to to them and not he has turned back and the driving [is] like [the] driving of Jehu [the] son of Nimshi for with madness he drives
יִנְהָֽג׃yin.Hag he drives H5090 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To moan means to sigh or lament, like in Psalm 77:3 when the psalmist moaned in his sleepless night. It can also mean to lead or guide someone, like in 1 Samuel 25:42 when Abigail led her maids to follow David.
Amplified meaning
controlling, guiding
Tyndale gloss
to lead
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָהַג (nahag) is a Hebrew verb meaning to drive, lead, or guide. It can refer to driving animals or chariots, as well as guiding oneself or others. Additionally, in the Piel form, it can mean to moan or lament. The word appears in contexts that emphasize both physical guidance and emotional expression.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָהַג vb. drive, conduct

Qal

drive

fig. my heart behaving itself in wisdom

Pi.

drive away, lead off

lead on, guide

cause to drive

base

[נָהַג] vb. Pi. moan, lament;—Pi. Na 2:8

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5090a נָהַג drive, conduct .. drive

. fig. my heart behaving itself in wisdom

. . drive away, lead off

. lead on, guide

. cause to drive

H5090b נָהַג Pi. moan, lament

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5090 nahag naw-hag'

a primitive root; to drive forth (a person, an animal or

chariot), i.e. lead, carry away; reflexively, to proceed (i.e.

impel or guide oneself); also (from the panting induced by

effort), to sigh:--acquaint, bring (away), carry away, drive

(away), lead (away, forth), (be) guide, lead (away, forth).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָהַג (na.hag) — to lead.

1) to drive, lead, guide, conduct

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to drive, lead on, drive away, drive off

1a2) to behave itself (fig.) (of heart)

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to drive away, lead off

1b2) to lead on, guide, guide on

1b3) to cause to drive

נָהַג (na.hag) — to moan.

(Piel) to moan, lament

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate