Perf. and Impf. with Simple Vav (Copulative)

Perf. and Impf. with Simple Vav (Copulative)
§ 58. In the more ancient and classical language vav with perf. is almost invariably conversive. In the declining stages of the speech the vav of the form ‏וְקָטַל‎ is often simply copulative, and he killed; while in post-biblical language the vav convers. disappears. In the classical language, however, vav with perf. occasionally expresses an action not consequential or successive to what precedes, but co-ordinate with it.
(a) When the second verb merely repeats the idea of the first, being synonymous, or in some way parallel with it. 1 Samuel 12:2 ‏וַֽאְַנִי זָקַנְתִּי וָשַׂבְתִּי‎ I am old and grey; Isaiah 1:2 ‏בָּנִים גִּדַּלְתִּי וְרוֹמַמְתִּי‎ I have nourished and brought up children. Genesis 31:7 he has cozened me, and changed (changing) my hire. Deuteronomy 2:30, Numbers 23:19, 1 Kings 8:47, 2 Kings 19:22, Isaiah 29:20; Isaiah 63:10, Psalms 20:8; Psalms 27:2; Psalms 38:9, Job 1:5, Lamentations 2:22, 1 Chronicles 23:1. This differs little from the asyn-detous construction. Joshua 13:1, Lamentations 2:16, Judges 5:27.
(b) When the second verb expresses a contrast. 1 Kings 3:11 ‏וְשָׁאַלְתָּ‎... ‏לא שָׁאַלְתָּ יָמִים‎ thou hast not asked long life... but hast asked, &c. Jeremiah 4:10, thou saidst, Ye shall have peace ‏וְנָֽגְעָה חֶרֶב עַד־הַנֶּפֶשׁ‎ whereas the sword reaches to the life. 1 Samuel 10:2 he has lost thought of the asses ‏וְדָאַג לָכֶם‎ and is concerned about you. 2 Kings 8:10, Proverbs 9:12. And, in general, when an action is thrown out of the stream of narrative, and invested with distinct importance and independence. Genesis 21:25 ‏וְהוֹכִחַ אב׳‎ and Abr. chid with Abimelek. Genesis 34:5 held his peace, so 2 Kings 18:36.
1 Kings 21:12 (the two points in Jezebel's letter are carried out).
2 Kings 18:4, where, perhaps, each of the acts is emphasised. Isaiah 1:8 and is left, Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 28:26.
(c) But there are many cases where vav with perf. appears in simple narrative, and is merely copulative. 1 Kings 12:32; 1 Kings 13:3; 1 Kings 14:27; 2 Kings 14:7, 2 Kings 14:10; 2 Kings 21:4; 2 Kings 23:4, and often. The usage becomes more common as the language declines, and comes under the influence of Aramaic. Even in early style the form ‏וְהָיָה‎ and it was is not quite rare. Amos 7:2, 1 Samuel 1:12; 1 Samuel 10:9; 1 Samuel 17:48; 1 Samuel 25:20, 2 Samuel 6:16. In Genesis 38:5 rd. ‏וְהִיא‎ with Sep.
Rem. 1. The perf. with vav seems occasionally to resume and restate briefly an event previously described in detail; Judges 7:13 ‏ונפל‎, 1 Kings 20:21, Genesis 15:6? The two cases of ‏וְנָעַל‎ Judges 3:23, 2 Samuel 13:18 are curious. In 2 Samuel 13:18 states how the two injunctions of 2 Samuel 13:17 were literally carried out. In 1 Kings 11:10 ‏וְצִוָּה‎ has almost plup. sense. In 1 Kings 6:32, 1 Kings 6:35 ‏וְקָלַע‎ is freq., distributing the act over several objects; § 54b. In 2 Samuel 16:5 the consn. is unusual, two nominal clauses might have been expected. In some cases the text is faulty, as Isaiah 38:15 ‏ואמר‎.
§ 59. The impf. with simple vav (copulative) is common in all periods of the language, especially in animated speech. The use of the simple impf., and especially its repetition, gives the various actions more independence and force than if the ordinary secution with vav perf. had been adopted. Genesis 49:7 ‏וַֽאְַפִיצֵם‎... ‏אְַחַלְּקֵם‎ I will divide them... and I will scatter them; Hosea 5:14 ‏אֶטְרֹף וְאֵלֵךְ‎. Sometimes with force of contrast, Hosea 6:1 ‏טָרַף וְיִרְפָּאֵנוּ‎ he has torn, but he will heal us. Hosea 8:13; Hosea 13:8, Isaiah 5:29. The asyndetous consn. is only slightly more vivid. Exodus 15:9, Hosea 5:15; Hosea 6:3; Hosea 9:9; Hosea 10:2 (common in Hos.). In later style impf. with simple vav is used where earlier style would have used vav perf., Psalms 91:14; and in conditional sentences, Isaiah 40:30.