ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν Χριστῷ ᾿Ιησοῦ, ἐν κυρίῳ, (οἴ. Fritzsche, Com. on Rom. vol. ii. p. 82 544.; W. 389 (364); Weiss, Bibl. Theol. des N. T. §§ 84 b., 149 c.), ingrafied as it were in Christ, in fellowship and union with Christ, with the Lord: Ro. iii. 24; vi. 11, 23; viii. 39; 1Co.i.4; 2 Co. iii. 14; Gal. ii. 4; iii. 14, 26, 28; v. 6; Eph.i. 3 [Rec. om. ἐν]; ii. 6 sq. 10,13; 1 Tim.i.14; 2 Tim.i. 1,13; ii-1; 1 Pet. iii. 16; v.10; στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ, Phil. iv. 1; iva εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ, that I may be found (by God and Christ) most intimately united to him, Phil. iii. 9; εἶναι ἐν Χριστῷ "Inc. 1 Co. i. 30; οἱ ἐν Xp. "Ina. Ro. viii. 1; 1 Pet. v. 14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ, θνήσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ, to fall asleep, to die, mindful of relationship to Christ and confiding in it [W. u.s.], 1 Co. xv. 18; Rey. xiv. 13. Since such union with Christ is the basis on which actions and virtues rest, the expression is equivalent in meaning to by virtue of spiritual fellowship or union with Christ; in this sense it is joined to the following words and phrases: πέπεισμαι, Ro. xiv. 14 [W. u.s. and 390 note]; πεποιθέναι, Gal. v.10; Phil. i. 14; 2 Th. iii. 4; παρρησίαν ἔχειν, Philem. 8; ἐλπίζειν, Phil. ii. 19; καύχησιν ἔχειν, Ro. xv. 17; 1 Co. xv. 31; ἀνῆκεν, Col. iii. 18; τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν, Phil. iv. 3; ὑπακούειν, Eph. vi. 1 [Lom. Tr WH br. ἐν κι]; φῶς, Eph. v. 8; αὔξει, 11. 21; ζωοποιεῖσθαι. 1 Co. xv. 22; ὁ κόπος οὐκ ἔστι κενός, ib. 58; ἅγιος, Phil. i. 1; ἡγιασμένος, 1 Co. i. 2; λαλεῖν, 2 Co. ii. 17; xii. 19; ἀλήθειαν λέγειν, Ro. ix. 1; λέγειν x. μαρτύρεσθαι, Eph. iv. 17. Hence it denotes the Christian aim, nature, quality of any action or virtue; thus, εὐάρεστον ἐν κυρίῳ, Col. iii. 20 GL T Tr WH; προσδέχεσθαί τινα, Ro. xvi. 2; Phil. ii. 29; ἀσπάζεσθαί τινα, No. xvi. 8, 22; 1 Co. xvi. 19; κοπιᾶν, Ro. xvi. 12 [W. 390 note; Lbr. the cl.]; γαμηθῆναι, 1 Co. vii. 39; χαίρειν, Phil. iii. 1; iv. 4, 10; παρακαλεῖν, 1 Th. iv. 1; προΐστασθαί twos, 1 Th. ν. 12;— or is equiv. to in things pertaining to Christ, in the cause of Christ: νήπιος, 1 Co. iii. 1; φρόνιμος, 1 Co. iv. 10; παιδαγωγοί, 15; ὁδοί pov, 17; θύρας por ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν κυρίῳ, in the kingdom of the Lord, 2 Co. ii. 12. διεκαιοὔσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ, by faith in Christ, Gal. 11. 17. Finally, it serves as a periphrasis for Christian (whether person or thing): τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ναρκίσσου τοὺς ὄντας ἐν κυρίῳ (opp. to those of the family of Narcissus who were not Christians), Ro. xvi. 11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Xp. a Christian, 2 Co. xii. 2; ai ἐκκλησίαι ai ἐν Xp. Gal. i. 22; 1 Th. ii. 143 of νεκροὶ ἐν Xp. those of the dead who are Christians, 1 Th. iv. 16; ἐκλεκτὸς ἐν x. a Christian of mark, Ro. xvi. 13; δόκιμος ev Xp. an approved Christian, Ro. xvi. 10; δέσμιος ἐν κυρ. a Christian prisoner (tacitly opp. to prisoners of another sort [W. 388 (363) ]), Eph. iv. 1; πιστὸς διάκονος ἐν x. Eph. vi. 21; Col. iv. 7; διακονία, 17; ἐν Xp. γεννᾶν twa, to be the author of one’s Christian life or life devoted to Christ, 1 Co. iv. 15; δεσμοὶ ἐν Xp. bonds occasioned by one’s fellowship with Christ, Phil. i. 13 [al. connect ἐν Xp. here with φανερούς]: it might be freely rendered as Christians, as a Christian, in 1 Co. ix. 1 sq.; Philem. 16. ἐν πνεύματι (ἁγίῳ) εἶναι, to be in the power of, be actuated by, inspired by, the Holy Spirit: 1 Th. ii. 2. Of frequent use by Paul are the phrases | Ro. viii. 9 (here in opp. to ἐν σαρκί) ; γίνεσθαι, Rev. i 10; iv. 2; ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ λαλεῖν, 1 Co. xii. 3; ἐν πνεύματι ΟΥ̓ ἐν πν. τῷ ἁγίῳ or ἐν mv. θεοῦ sc. ὦν, (being) ini. 6. under the power of the Spirit, moved by the Spirit [οἵ. B. 330 (283 sq.); W. 390 (364 sq.)]: Mt. xxii. 43; Mk. xii. 36; Lk. ii. 27; 1 Co. xii. 3; Rev. xvii. 3; xxi. 10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ, sc. av, in the power of an unclean spirit, possessed by one, Mk. i. 23; ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι, to be held in the power of Satan, 1Jn.v.19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ, subject to the control of the law, Ro. 111. 19. ἐν τῷ ᾿Αδὰμ ἀποθνήσκειν, through connection with Adam, 1 Co. xv. 22. c. of that in which other things are contained and upheld, as their cause and origin: ἐν αὐτῷ (i.e. in God) ζῶμεν κτλ. in God is found the cause why we live, Acts xvii. 28; ἐν αὐτῷ (in Christ, as the divine hypostatic λόγος) ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα, in him resides the cause why all things were originally created, Col. i. 16 (the cause both instrumental and final as well, for ἐν αὐτῷ is immediately afterwards resolved into δ αὐτοῦ x. εἰς αὐτόν (cf. W. § 50, 6 and Bp. Lghtft. ad loc.]); τὰ πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκε. Col. i. 17; ἐν ᾿Ισαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα, Ro. ix. 7; Heb. xi. 18, fr. Gen. xxi. 12; ἁγιάζεσθαι ἐν with dat. of thing, Heb. x. 10, cf. 1 Co. vi. 11; ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν, in this lies the reason why we believe, Jn. xvi. 30, cf. 1 Co.iv.4; ἐν ᾧ equiv. to ἐν τούτῳ, ὅτι, [in that], since: Ro. viii. 3; Heb. ii. 18; vi. 17, [see 8e. below]. Closely related is the use of ἐν d. of that which gives opportunity, the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ (on i. e. at this word; cf. W. § 48, a. 3c.), Acts vii.29. 6. after certain verbs denoting an affection, because the affection inheres or resides, as it were, in that to which it relates, [cf. B. 185 (160 sq.) ; W. 232 (217 sq.) ]; see εὐδοκέω, εὐδοκία, εὐφραίνομαι. καυχάομαι, χαίρω, ete.; likewise sometimes after ἐλπίζω, πιστεύω, πίστις, (which see in their prop. places), because faith and hope are placed in what is believed or hoped for. 7. after verbs implying motion ev w. the dat. is so used as to seem, according to our laws of speech, to be employed for eis with the ace.; but it indicates the idea of rest and continuance succeeding the motion; cf. W. § 50,4; B. 328 (282) sq.: thus after ἀποστέλλω, Mt. x. 16; Lk. x. 3; εἰσέρχεσθαι, Lk. ix. 46; Rey. xi. 11 [not RTr; WH br. ἐν]; ἐξέρχεσθαι, Lk. vii. 17; 1 Th.i. 8, (but not after ἔρχεσθαι in Lk. xxiii. 42, on which pass. see 5 6. above); καταβαίνειν, Jn. v.4 [RL; cf. W.§ 50,4 ἃ.1: ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων, that they may abide in ete. Lk. i. 17; καλεῖν ἐν εἰρήνῃ, ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι, equiv. to εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς (ὑμᾶς) ἐν οἷα. : 1 Co. νἱϊ. 15; 1 ΤῊ. ἵν. 7; Eph. iv. 4; esp. after τιθέναι and ἱστάναι, which words see in their places. On the same use of the prep., common in Homer, somewhat rare in the classic auth., but recurring freq. in writ. of a later age, see W.1.c.; Passow i. 2 p. 909°; [ef. L. and S.s. v. I. 8]. 8. Constructions somewhat peculjar: a. ἐν Αἰγύπτου sc. γῇ (by an ellipsis com. in Grk. writ., cf. Passow i. 2 p. 908°; [L. and S. 5. v. I. 2]; W. 384 (359); [B. 171 (149)]): Heb. xi. 26 [Lchm.]; put see Αἴγυπτος. ὍὌ. expressions shaped by the Hebr. idiom: ἀγοράζειν ἐν with dat. of price (for the price is 212 ἐν the means by which a thing is bought [cf. W. § 48, a. 8.6.7), Rev. v. 9, (ἐν ἀργυρίῳ, 1 Chr. xxi. 24). ἀλλάσσειν τι ἔν τινι (see ἀλλάσσω), to exchange one thing for another (prop. to change something and have the exchange in [ef. W. 388 (363) note; 206 (194)]): Ro. i. 23, 25 [here μετήλλαξαν]. ὄμνυμι ἔν τινι (3 aw), cf. Gesenius, Thesaur. iii. p. 1355; [W. § 32, 1 b.; B. 147 (128)]), to swear by (i. 6. the name of some one being interposed), or as it were relying on, supported by, some one [ef. W. 389 (364)]: Mt. v. 34-36; xxiii. 16, 18-22; Rev. x. 6. C. ὁμολογῶ ἔν τινι after the Syriac (5 wrod {not the Hebr., see Fritzsche on Mt. = p- 386; B.176 (153); W. § 82, 3b., yet cf. § 4, a.]), prop. to confess in one’s case (or when one’s cause is at stake (cf. W.1.¢.; Fritzsche l.c.; Weiss, Das Matthius evang. p. 278 note} (and in Mey. on Mt. ed. 7)]), the nature of the confession being evident from the context; as, to confess one to be my master and lord, or to be my worshipper: Mt. x. 32; Lk. xii. 8; [ef. Westcott, Canon, p- 305 ποία 1]. ἃἅ. on the very com. phrase ἐν ὀνόματί τινος, see ὄνομα (esp. 2). [e. the phrase ἐν ᾧ varies in meaning acc. to the varying sense of ἐν. It may be, a. local, wherein (i. q. ἐν τούτῳ ἐν ᾧ): Ro. ii. 1; xiv. 22; 2 Co. xi. 12. β. temporal, while (cf. IL. below; W. § 48, a. 2): Mk. ii. 19; Lk. v. 34; Jn. v. 7; Lk. xix. 13 (Rec. ἕως, 4. ν.). γ. instrumental, whereby: Ro. xiv. 21. δ. causal, Eng. in that (see Mdlzner, Eng. Gram., trans. by Grece, iii. 452, — concomitance passing over into causal dependence, or the substratum of the action being regarded as that on which its existence depends; cf. ‘in those circumstances I did so and so’), on the ground of this that, because: Ro. viii. 3, ete.; see in 6c. above. Acc. to the last two uses, the phrase may be resolved into ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι or ἐν τούτῳ 6 (cf. W. § 23,2 Ὁ. and b.); on its use see W. 387 (362) note; B. 331 (284 sq.); Bnhdy. p. 211; esp. Fritzsche on Rom. vol. ii. p. 93 sq.] ᾿ II. With the notion of ΤῚΜΕ ἐν marks 8. periods and portions of time in which anything occurs, in, on, at, during: ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, ἐν τῇ νυκτί, Jn. xi. 9 sq., etc. ; ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, Mt. iii. 1, ete.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Μι. xii. 2, and in many other exx.; ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ, at the second time, Acts vii. 13; ἐν τῷ καθεξῆς, Lk. viii. 1; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, in the meantime [W. 592 sq. (551)], In. iv. 31; [ev ἐσχάτῳ χρόνῳ, Jude 18 Rec.]. _—-b._ before substantives signifying an event, it is sometimes equiv. to at the time of this or that event, (Germ. bei); thus ἐν τῇ παλιγyevecia, Mt. xix. 28; ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ or μου, 1 Co. xv. 23; 1 Th. ii. 19; iii. 13 ΕἸ. § 50,5]; Phil. ii. 12; 1 Jn. ii. 28 ; ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει, Mt. xxii. 28; Mk. xii. 23 ; Lk. xiv. 14; xx. 33; ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι, at (the sounding of) the last trumpet, 1 Co. xv. 52; ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει of Christ, 2 Th. i. 7; 1 Pet. i. 7,13; iv. 13. ce. before infinitives with the article [B. 263 (226) sq.; W. § 44, 6]; before the inf. present it signifies while, as: Mt. xiii. 4 (ἐν τῷ σπείρειν), 25 (ἐν τ. καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους); Mt. xxvii. 12; Mk. vi.48; Lk. i. 21 [ef. Β. 1. ¢.]; xxiv. 51; before the inf. aorist, ἃ. within, in 1 Co. xi. 21; Gal. iv. 18, etc.; when, after that: Lk. ix. 36; xix. 15, ete. the course of: ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις, Mt. xxvii. 40; Mk. xv. | 29 [L T Trom. WH br. ἐν] ; Jn. ii. 19 [Tr WH br. ev], | 20; cf. W. § 48, a. 2; [B. § 188, 26]. III. In Composition. Prefixed to Adjectives ἐν denotes lying or situated in some place or condition, | possessed of or noted for something; as in ἐνάλιος, ἔνδοfos, ἔμφοβος. Prefixed to Verbs it signifies 1. remaining, staying, continuing in some place, state, or con- | dition; as, ἔνειμι, ἐμμένω, ἐνοικέω. 2. motion into something, entering into, mingling in; as, ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβατεύω, ἐγκαλέω (summon to court), ἐγγράφω, ἐγκρύπτω. 3. in ἐμφυσάω, ἐμπρήθω, ἐμπτύω it answers to Germ. an (on). Before 8, μ, 7, >, ψ, ἐν changes to ἐμ-, before y, κ, &, x, to éy-, before A to ἐλ-, although this assimilation is neglected also in the older codd. [in x “ not often changed,” Scrivener, Collation ete. p. lvi.; “in some words assimilation is constant ace. to all or at least all primary Mss. while in a comparatively small number of cases authority is divided. Speaking generally, assimilation is the rule in compounds of ἐν, retention of yin those of σύν (Prof. Hort). Following manuscript authority T WH write evypdpw, ἐνκάθετος, ἐνκαίνια, ἐνκαινίζω, ἐνκατοικέω, ἐνκαυχάομαι, ἐνκεντρίζω, ἐνκρίνω, ἐνπεριπατέω, ἐνπνέω; T ἐνκόπτω; WH ἐνκοπή, ἔνκυος ; but L Τ' Tr WH retain ἐγκαλέω, ἔγκλημα, ἔγκομβόομαι, ἐγκράτεια, ἐγκρατεύομαι, ἐγκρατής, ἐγχρίω, ἐλλογέω (-dw), ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβάλλω, ἐμβάπτω, ἐμβατεύω, ἐμβλέπω, ἐμβριμάομαι, ἐμμαίνομαι, ἐμπαιγμονή, ἐμπαιγμός, ἐμπαίζω, ἐμπαίκτης, ἐμπίπλημι, ἐμπίπτω, ἐμπλέκω, ἐμπλοκή, ἐμπορεύομαι, ἐμπορία, ἐμπόριον, ἔμπορος, ἐμπτύω, ἐμφανής, ἐμφανίζω, ἔμφοβος, ἔμφυτος ; LT ΤῊ ἔγκυος; L Tr WH ἐμμένω, ἔμπροσθεν ; 1, Tr ἐγγράφω, ἐγκάθετος, ἐγκαίνια, ἐγκαινίζω, ἐγκακέω, ἐγκαταλείπω, ἐγκατοἰκέω, ἐγκαυχάομαι, ἐγκεντρίζω, ἐγκοπή, ἐγκόπτω, ἐγκρίνω, ἐμπεριπατέω, ἐμπνέω; T ἐμπιπράω; TWH are not uniform in ἐγκακέω, ἐγκαταλείπω ; nor T in ἐμμένω, ἔμπροσθεν ; nor WH in ἐγκόπτω. --- Add LT Tr WH ἀνέγκλητος, παρεμβάλλω, παρεμβολή. See Gregory in the Proleg. to Tdf. ed. 8, p- 76 sqq.; Hortin WH. App. p. 149; Bttm.in Stud. u. Krit. for 1862, p. 179 sq.; esp. Meisterhans p. 46.]

ἐν en 2x

followed by the dat., in, Mt. 8:6; Mk. 12:26; Rev. 6:6,; upon, Lk. 8:32; among, Mt. 11:11; before, in the presence of, Mk. 8:38; in the sight, estimation of, 1 Cor. 14:11; before, judicially, 1 Cor. 6:2; in, of state, occupation, habit, Mt. 21:22; Lk. 7:25; Rom. 4:10; in the case of, Mt. 17:12; in respect of, Lk. 1:7; 1 Cor. 1:7; on occasion of, on the ground of, Mt. 6:7; Lk. 1:21; used of the thing by which an oath is made, Mt. 5:34; of the instrument, means, efficient cause, Rom. 12:21; Acts 4:12; equipped with, furnished with, 1 Cor. 4:21; Heb. 9:25; arrayed with, accompanied by, Lk. 14:31; Jude 14; of time, during, in the course of, Mt. 2:1; in NT of demoniacal possession, possessed by, Mk. 5:2

ἐν, prep, (the most freq. of all in NT), c. dat. (= Heb. בְּ, Lat. in, c. abl.).

Of place, c. dat. rei, pers., in, within, on, at, by, among: ἐν τ. πόλει, Lk 7:37; τ. οφθαλμῷ, Mt 7:3; τ. κοιλίᾳ, Mt 12:40; τ. ὄρει, II Pe 1:18; τ. θρόνῳ, Re 3:21; τ. δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ, Ro 8:34; ἐν ἡμῖν , Lk 1:1; of books, ἐν τ. βιβλίῳ, Ga 3:10; τ. νόμῳ, Mt 12:5, al.; ἐν τοῖς τ. Πατρός, in my Father's house (RV; cf. M, Pr., 103), Lk 2:49; trop., of the region of thought or feeling, ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ (-αις), Mt 5:28, II Co 4:6, al.; τ. συνειδήσεσιν, II Co 5:11; after verbs of motion, instead of εἰς (constructio praegnans, a usage extended in late Gk. beyond the limits observed in cl.; cf. Bl., §41, 1; M, Th., 12), ἀποστέλλω . . . ἐν, Mt 10:16. δέδωκεν ἐν τ. χειρί (cf. τιθέναι ἐν χερσί, Hom., Il., i, 441, al.), Jo 3:35; id. after verbs of coming and going (not in cl.), εἰσῆλθε, Lk 9:46; ἐξῆλθεν, Lk 7:17.

Of state, condition, form, occupation, etc.: ἐν ζωῇ, Ro 5:10; ἐν τ. θανάτῳ, I Jo 3:14; ἐν πειρασμοῖς, I Pe 1:6; ἐν εἰρήνῃ, Mk 5:25; ἐν δόξῃ, Phl 4:19; ἐν πραΰτητι, Ja 3:13; ἐν μυστηρίῳ, I Co 2:7; ἐν τ. διδαχῇ, Mk 4:2; of a part as contained in a whole, ἐν τ. ἀμπέλῳ, Jo 15:4; ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, Ro 12:4; of accompanying objects or persons (simple dat. in cl.), with, ἐν αἵματι, He 9:25; ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν, Lk 14:31 (cf. Ju 14, Ac 7:14); similarly (cl.), of clothing, armour, arms, ἐν στολαῖς, Mk 12:38; ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ, Ja 2:2; ἐν μαξαίρῃ, Lk 22:49; ἐν ῥάβδῳ, I Co 4:21 (cf. ἐν τόξοις, Xen., Mem., 3, 9, 2); of manner (cl.), ἐν τάχει (= ταχέως), Lk 18:8 (cf. Bl., §41, 1); of spiritual influence, ἐν πνεύματι, Ro 8:9; ἐν π. ἀκαθάρτῳ, Mk 1:23; of the mystical relation of the Christian life and the believer himself, to God and Christ (cf. ICC, Ro., 160f.; Mayor on Ju 1; M, Pr., 103): ἐν Χριστῷ, Ro 3:24, 6:11, I Co 3:1, 4:10, II Co 12:2, Ga 2:17, Eph 6:21, Col 4:7, I Th 4:16, al.

Of the agent, instrument or means (an extension of cl. ἐν of instr.—v. LS, s.v. Ill—corresponding to similar use of Heb. בְּ), by, with: ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (= cl. παρά, C. dat.), I Co 6:2; ἐν τ. ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων, Mt 9:34; ἐν αἵματι, He 9:22; ἐν ὕδατι, Mt 3:11, al.; ἐν μαχαίρᾳ ἀποκτενεῖ (cf. the absol. ἐν μ., ἐν ῥάβδῳ, supr., II, which some would classify here), Re 13:10 (cf. 6:8). Allied to this usage and distinctly Semitic are the following: ἠγόρασας . . . ἐν τ. αἵματι σου (cf. BDB, s.v. בְּ, III, 3), Re 5:9; ὁμολογεῖν ἐν (= Aram. אודי בּ; cf. McNeile on Mt, I.c.; M, Pr., 104), Mt 10:32, Lk 12:8; ὀμνύναι ἐν (= cl. acc., so Ja 5:12), Mt 5:34, al.; also at the rate of, amounting to, Mk 4:8 (WH; vv. ll., εἰς, ἒν), Ac 7:14 (LXX).

Of time, in or during a period: ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ (νυκτί), Jo 11:9, al.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Mt 12:2, al.; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, meanwhile, Jo 4:31;

at the time of an event: ἐν τ. παρουσίᾳ, I Co 15:23; ἐν τ. ἀναστάσει, Mt 22:28;

c. art. inf., pres. (so sometimes in cl., but not as in NT = ἕως; V. M, Pr., 215), while: Mt 13:4, Mk 6:48, Ga 4:18, al.;

aor., when, after: Lk 9:36, al.;

within (cl.): Mt 27:40,

In composition: (1) meaning: (a) with adjectives, it signifies usually the possession of a quality, as ἐνάλιος, ἐν́δοξος; (b) with verbs, continuance in (seq. ἐν) or motion into (seq. εἰς), as ἐμμένω, ἐμβαίνω. (ii) Assimilation: ἐν becomes ἐμ- before β, μ, π, φ, ψ; ἐγ- before γ, κ, ξ, χ; ἐλ- before λ. But in the older MSS of NT, followed by modern editions, assimilation is sometimes neglected, as in ἐνγράφω, ἐγκαινίζω, etc.

ἐν 210 contract—time of Augustus) ἱμάτια γυναικεῖα ἐν apyv(plov) δραχμαῖς ἑκατόν, P Oxy IV. 7247 (A.D. 155) ἐξ ὧν ἔσχες τὴν πρώτην δόσιν ἐν δραχμαῖς τεσσαράκοντα, 70. I. 565 (A.D. 211) δανειζομένη. .. ἀργύριον ἔντοκον ἐν δραχμαῖς ἑξακισχειλίαις, and P Grenf II. 778 (iii/iv a.p.) (=Selections, Pp. 120) το]ὺς μισθοὺς. . ὄντας ἐν δραχμαῖς τριακοσίαις τεσσαράκοντα. Similar are P Oxy IV. 7084 (a.p. 188) yopou . . ἐν (1vpod)(apraBats) ’B, BGU 1. 724 (a.p. 191) ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε: with which may be compared Eph 2!° τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν, “consisting in.” In P Lond 9215 (ii/iii a.p.) (ΞΞ 111. P- 134) γεγονέναι ἐν ἀμπέλῳ = ‘to be planted with vines.” A predicative use of ἐν is seen in P Hib I. 421° (B.c. 262) δώσομεν Λευκίωι ἐν ὀφειλήματι, ‘asa debt,” P Petr I. 1215 (cf. II. p. 22) ὅσα δὲ ᾿Αξιοθέα προσενήνεγκται ἐμ φερνῆι, “ἐᾷς dowry,” and P Tebt I. 120 135 (B.c. 97 or 64) ὧν ἔχωι ἐν θέματι, ‘‘as a pledge.” The zvstrumental use of ἐν, as in Lk 223, 1 Cor 4”, is now rescued from the list of Hebraisms (cf. Deissmann BS, p- 120) by ‘‘its use in an original Greek document, free from all suspicion of Semitic influence,” P Tebt I. 16% (B.C. 114) ἐν μαχαίρηι, “armed with a sword”; see the editors’ note where the following additional passages are cited, 73. 41° (c. B.c. 119) Mappelous . . σὺν ἄλλοις πλείοσι ἐν μαχαίραις παρ[α]γινομένου, 4517 (B.C. 113), 4615 (B.C. 113), RP Par 115 (816: 157): add Β Debt Γ 2815 (7: ΒΟ" 1153) Λύκος σὺν ἄλλοις ἐν ὅπλοις. See also Pro/eg. pp. 11 f., 61, and the Preface to the 3rd Edit. p. xvii. It should however be noted that Kuhring (p. 43f.) thinks that ἐν in the above passages is sufficiently explained as ἐν of accompanying circumstances. A good ex. of causal ἐν is afforded by P Par 2815 (c, B.C. 160) where the Twins describe themselves as διαλυόμεναι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ as compared with 26. 271 διαλυόμεναι τῷ λιμῷ, and 16. 26° ὑπὸ τῆς λιμοῦ διαλυόμεναι in similar documents. On the other hand, Sy// 89111 (ii/A.p.) quoting the LXX Deut 28% πατάξαι σε Κύριος ἐν ἀπορίᾳ drops the preposition, and cf. C. and B. ii. p. 609, No. 500 (i/B.c.) where φεισάμενον ἐν ἐπιδώσεσιν is followed by μὴ φεισάμένον ἀναλώμασιν. In xp 7 xxviii. p. 322f. Prof. H. A. A. Kennedy has collected a number of instances of this use of ἐν = ‘‘ because of,” ‘‘on account of,” from the LXX and from the Pauline Epp., e.g. Ps 30 (31)11 ἠσθένησεν ἐν πτωχίᾳ ἡ ἰσχύς pov, ‘my strength failed because of my wretchedness,” Rom 13" ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν, ‘because of the lusts of their hearts,” and 1 Cor 7 ἡγίασται yap 6 ἀνὴρ ὁ ἄπιστος ἐν τῇ γυναικί, ‘for the unbelieving husband is sanctified on account of his wife.” See also Schmid Afticismus, iv. p. 449. We have seen already (s.v. eis) that eis and ἐν can be transposed in late Greek, as when ἐν follows a verb of motion in P Par 108(B.C. 145) ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν ᾿Αλεξανδρείᾳ : cf. the late gloss at Jn 54, and for LXX instances see Thackeray Gr. i. p. 25. As paving the way for this usage we may note such a passage as OGZS 9013 (Rosetta stone—B.C. 196) τοὺς ἐν ταῖς φυλακαῖς amnypévous . .. ἀπέλυσε τῶν ἐνκεκλ(η)μένων, where the motion implied by the verb is accompanied by the thought of the rest following on that motion—the men were ‘‘led off” to prison and remained there until freed from the charges of which they had been convicted. See further Hatzidakis Zz7/. p. 210 f., and note that Thumb (Neue Jahrb. 1906, p. 253) commenting on

ἐν (en) — in/on/among. ἐν, poetry ἐνί, εἰν, εἰνί [Refs 8th c.BC+], forms used by Epic dialect and Lyric Poets as the metre requires, but only as falsa lectio in Trag., εἰν [Refs 5th c.BC+] ἰν [Refs] __PREP. WITH DAT. AND ACC. Radical sense, in, into. __A WITH DAT. __A.I OF PLACE, __A.I.1 in, νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; with names of cities or islands, as ἐν Ἀθήνῃς, ἐν Τροίῃ, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; where ἐν is used, it = in the district of.., ὲν Ἐλευσῖνι [Refs] in my arms, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν αὑτῷ εἶναι to be in one's senses, be oneself, ἔτ᾽ ἐν σαυτῷ (variant -τοῦ) γενοῦ [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.1.b ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσιν in the fish-market, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so ἐν τοῖν δυοῖν ὀβολοῖν ἐθεώρουν ἄν in the two-obol seats, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.I.2 elliptic, in such phrases as ἐν Ἀλκινόοιο [NT+8th c.BC+]; ἐν παιδοτρίβου, ἐν κιθαριστοῦ, at the school of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν γειτόνων (see. γείτων) ἐν αὑτοῦ (αὑτῷ codex Rav.) [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.3 in, within, surrounded by, οὐρανὸς ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν ὅπλοισι in or under arms, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of particular kinds of arms, ἐν τόξοις, ἀκοντίοις, etc., equipped with them, uncertain in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν μεγάλοις φορτίοις βαδίζειν καὶ τρέχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.4 on, at or by, ἐν ποταμῷ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; νευρὴ ἐν τόξῳ the string on the bow, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κατεκλάσθη ἐνὶ καυλῷ ἔγχος was broken off at or by the shaft,[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν οἴνῳ at wine, probably in [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __A.I.5 in the number of, amongst, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; and with Verbs of ruling, ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ᾽ [Refs 8th c.BC+] —for ἐν τοῖς with _superlative_, V. ὁ. __A.I.5.b in the presence of, ἐν πᾶσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; λέγειν ἐν ἀνδράσιν (of a woman) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of a trial, διαγωνίζεσθαι, διαδικάζεσθαι ἔν τισι, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.6 in one's hands, within one's reach or power, νίκης πείρατ᾽ ἔχονται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+], with infinitive, it depends on him to.., rests with him to.., ἔστιν ἐν σοὶ ἢ.. ἤ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἐν τούτῳ εἰσὶν πᾶσαι αἱ ἀποδείξεις depend on this, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔν γ᾽ ἐμοί so far as rests with me, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἐν ἐμοί in my judgement, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν θεοῖς καλά in the eyes of the gods, [Refs] __A.I.7 in respect of, ἐν πάντεσσ᾽ ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν γήρᾳ σύμμετρός τινι in point of age.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ἐμοὶ θρασύς in my case, towards me, [Refs]; ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις μάθησις [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also οὐδὲν δεινὸν μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ στῇ stop with me, [Refs] __A.I.8 in a pregnant construction with Verbs of motion, into; implying both motion to and subsequent position in a place, ἐν κονίῃσι χαμαὶ πέσεν fell [to the dust and lay] in it, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βαλεῖν[Refs 8th c.BC+]: in Trag. and Attic dialect, ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν χωρίῳ ἐμπεπτωκώς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; later, with Verbs of coming and going, διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ [LXX+2nd c.AD+] is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.9 πίνειν ἐν ποτηρίῳ to drink from a cup, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __A.I.10 ἄργυρος ἐν ἐκπώμασι silver in the form of plate, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; ἐμ φέρνῃ, ἐν θέματι, as a dowry, pledge, [Refs 1st c.BC+] __A.I.11 in citations, ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου τῇ παραδόσει in the passage of the [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II OF STATE, CONDITION or POSITION: __A.II.1 of outward circumstances, ἐν πολέμῳ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν γένει εἶναί τινι to be related to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of occupations, pursuits, ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι to be engaged in philosophy, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐν ποιήσι γενόμενοι poets, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι ministers of state, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ μάντις ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ in the practice of it, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.2 of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν δοιῇ, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, [Refs 5th c.BC+] to blame him, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι to have the blame, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.3 frequently with neuter adjective, ἐν βραχεῖ, ={βραχέως}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν τάχει, ={ταχέως}, [Refs]; ἐν καλῷ ἐστί, ={καλῶς ἔχει}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ [ἐστί] [Refs]; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ [ἐστί] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ἴσῳ, ={ἴσως, ἐν ὁμοίῳ}, ={ὁμοίως}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν κενοῖς, ={κενῶς}, [Refs] substantive, ἐν δίκᾳ, ={δικαίως}, opposed to παρὰ δίκαν[Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, ἐν πυρὶ πρήσαντες [Refs 8th c.BC+]; but in most cases the originally sense may be traced, to put in the fire and burn, infetters and bind, etc.; so ἐν πόνοις δαμέντα [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα[Refs]; also ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶσθαι, ἰδέσθαι, to see with or before one's eyes, i.e. have the object in one's eye, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also ἐν λιταῖς by prayers, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν δόλῳ by deceit, [Refs]; ἐν λόγοις by words, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially with Verbs of showing, σημαίνειν ἐν ἱεροῖς καὶ οἰωνοῖς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ πραχθέντα.. ἐν.. ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε ye know by letters, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.2 of a personal instrument, ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια [NT] __A.IV OF TIME, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν τούτῳ (i.e. τῷ χρόνῶ) in this space of time, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ᾧ (i.e. χρόνῳ) during the time that, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς in the time of the truce, [Refs 5th c.BC+] in the course of the mysteries, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τραγῳδοῖς at the performance of.., [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.IV.b ἐν ἄρχοντι Μητροδώρῳ during the archonship of M., [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __A.IV.2 in, within, ἐν ἡμέρῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μυρίαις ἐν ἁμέραις in, i.e. after, countless days, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.V OF NUMBERS generally, ἐν δυσὶ σταδίοις within two stadia, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.V.2 with genitive of price, ἐν δύο ταλάντων [LXX] __A.V.3 amounting to, προῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __B WITH Acc., into, on, for, [Refs 4th c.AD+]; also poetry, ἐν πάντα νόμον [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C WITHOUT CASE, AS adverb, in the phrase ἐν δέ.., __C.1 and therein, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.2 and among them, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.3 and besides, moreover (not in Attic dialect Prose), [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.4 ἔνι, ={ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι}, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __D POSITION: ἐν frequently stands between its substantive and the adjective agreeing therewith, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: without an adjective, τῷ δ᾽ ἐν ἐρινεός ἐστι μέγας [Refs 8th c.BC+] between substantive and genitive, χόρτοις ἐν λέοντος [Refs]--One or more independent words sometimes come between the preposition and its dative, as in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also in Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __E IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), __E.I with Verbs, the preposition mostly retains its sense of being in or at a place, etc., with dative, or followed by εἰς.., or ἐν..: in such forms as ἐνορᾶν τινί τι, in translating, we resolve the compound, to remark a thing in one. __E.I.b also, at a person, ἐγγελᾶν, ἐνυβρίζειν τινί. __E.I.2 with adjectives, it expresses __E.I.2.a a modified degree, as in ἔμπηλος, ἔμπικρος, ἔνσιμος, rather... __E.I.2.b the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμος with blood in it, ἐνάκανθος thorny: ἔμφωνος with a voice: ἔννομος in accordance with law, etc. __E.II ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ ; ἐλ- before ; ἐρ- before ; rarely ἐσ- before ; but Inscrr. and Papyri often preserve ἐν- in all these cases.