Leviticus 18

Leviticus 18:1-5

HOLINESS IN THE MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP 18:1-30 IMPRESSIVE INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT 18:1-5 TEXT 18:1-5

1

And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

2

Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, I am Jehovah your God.

3

After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do; neither shall ye walk in their statutes.

4

Mine ordinances shall ye do, and my statutes shall ye keep, to walk therein: I am Jehovah your God.

5

Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and mine ordinances; which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am Jehovah.

THOUGHT QUESTIONS 18:1-5

Why remind the children of Israel of the existence of God? Or is this the meaning of Lev 18:2? Discuss.

The total life style of Egypt and Canaan were to be rejected. Is this the thought of Lev 18:3?

If these people learned carefully all the laws and statutes we have discussed thus far in Leviticus (to say nothing of previous books) their whole life would be under the direction of God. Is this what is meant in Leviticus 18:4? What reason is given for such obedience?

Explain the phrase … if a man do, he shall live in (or by) them Cf. Romans 10:5; Galatians 3:12.

PARAPHRASE 18:1-5

The Lord then told Moses to tell the people of Israel, I am Jehovah your God, so don-’t act like heathenlike the people of Egypt where you lived so long, or the people of Canaan where I am going to take you. You must obey only My laws, and you must carry them out in detail, for I am the Lord your God. If you obey them you shall live. I am the Lord.

COMMENT 18:1-5

Leviticus 18:1-5 Moses doesn-’t need Aaron or his sons to help him in the instructions of this chapter. The lawgiver is to speak directly to the children of Israel or their representatives for what he has to say relates to their moral conduct and personal happiness. It is of real interest to note that the emphatic phrase I am the Lord your God is used three times in this one chapter (Leviticus 18:1; Leviticus 18:4; Leviticus 18:30) and only one other time in the whole book (Leviticus 11:44). This speaks to a very deep need. We can have no communion with God in whose image we are created if we indulge or serve the lusts of the flesh. We cannot and will not know Him personally until we are willing to submit to His way of life. The Egyptians walked in the way of sexual promiscuitythe freedom-bondage which has always been the fruit of such a choice. What a galling yoke of bondage this freedom has always provided! Strange to say man has but one choice: which master will you have? God also offers a bondage-freedom relationship but His yoke is easy and His burden is light, i.e. as compared with that of the Egyptians or Canaanites. The spirit-slave is always happier than the body-slave because we are created in the image of a Spirit not an animal. Our essential nature is spirit, not flesh. Walk in my statutes and you will have life, not deathpeace, not frustration is the message of Lev 18:5.

FACT QUESTIONS 18:1-5

Why not include Aaron or his sons in the address by God?

What is the deep significance of the phrase I am the Lord your God?

Man has but one choice. Discuss what it is and the consequences of it.

Leviticus 18:6-18

PROHIBITED MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIPS 18:6-18 TEXT 18:6-18

6

None of you shall approach to any that are near of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness: I am Jehovah.

7

The nakedness of thy father, even the nakedness of thy mother, shalt thou not uncover: she is thy mother; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.

8

The nakedness of thy father’s wife shalt thou not uncover; it is thy father’s nakedness.

9

The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or the daughter of thy mother, whether born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.

10

The nakedness of thy son’s daughter, or thy daughter’s daughter, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover: for theirs is thine own nakedness.

11

The nakedness of thy father’s wife’s daughter, begotten of thy father, she is thy sister, thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.

12

Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s sister: she is thy father’s near kinswoman.

13

Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother’s sister: for she is thy mother’s near kinswoman.

14

Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s brother, thou shalt not approach to his wife: she is thine aunt.

15

Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy daughter-in-law: she is thy son’s wife; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.

16

Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother’s wife: it is thy brother’s nakedness.

17

Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter; thou shalt not take her son’s daughter, or her daughter’s daughter, to uncover her nakedness; they are near kinswomen: it is wickedness.

18

And thou shalt not take a wife to her sister, to be a rival to her, to uncover her nakedness, besides the other in her lifetime.

THOUGHT QUESTIONS 18:6-18

What is the meaning of the phrase, to uncover their nakedness?

Why not have sexual relations with near of kin?

The nakedness of the mother is also the nakedness of the father. How so?

Who is involved in the nakedness of thy father’s wife?

There can be no marriage of sister and brother even if they are only half-sisters or brothers, even if they were born far from you and you never saw them until you were both grown. Is this the thought of Lev 18:9? Discuss the reason behind this.

A man may sin against his own body if he has intercourse with whom? Is marriage or simply sex relations being discussed here?

Wasn-’t half-sister relationship covered in Leviticus 18:9?

Why mention her again in Leviticus 18:11?

No one should marry his aunt, on either his father’s or his mother’s side. Why?

What about Cain and Abel who married their sisters? Compare Leviticus 20:17 as to the penalty for sexual intercourse with a half-sister. What is the penalty?

How many relationships are covered in these verses (there are eleven. Can you find them all?)

There is no prohibition for a daughter, a full sister, or a mother-in-law. Cf. Deuteronomy 27:23, Exodus 21:15.

What was the penalty for the violation of these laws? Notice a difference between Numbers 1, 2, 3, 8, 10 and 6, 7, 9. Cf. Leviticus 20:11-12; Leviticus 20:14; Leviticus 20:17; Deuteronomy 23:1; Deuteronomy 22:20; Deuteronomy 22:22-23)

PARAPHRASE 18:6-18

None of you shall marry a near relative, for I am the Lord. A girl may not marry her father; nor a son his mother, nor any other of his father’s wives, nor his sister or half-sister, whether the daughter of his father or his mother, whether born in the same house or elsewhere. You shall not marry your granddaughterthe daughter of either your son or your daughterfor she is a close relative. You may not marry a half-sisteryour father’s wife’s daughter; nor your auntyour father’s sisterbecause she is so closely related to your father; nor your auntyour mother’s sisterbecause she is a close relative of your mother; nor your auntthe wife of your father’s brother. You may not marry your daughter-in-lawyour son’s wife; nor your brother’s wife, for she is your brother’S. You may not marry both a woman and her daughter or granddaughter, for they are near relatives, and to do so is horrible wickedness. You shall not marry two sisters, for they will be rivals. However, if your wife dies, then it is all right to marry her sister.

COMMENT 18:6-18

Leviticus 18:16-18 These laws can hardly be considered national when the Egyptians and Canaanites have been condemned for their violation. Evidently God gave them in the beginning and therefore they have Patriarchal and not only Mosaic significance. These verses discuss but one law of the ten commandments, i.e. the seventh. It would seem God is to stop all channels in which lust might flow. Leviticus 18:6 gives the general prohibition and Leviticus 18:7 through 18 describe the specific applications. There are eleven in number. We shall consider each in order. Before we do we must point out the principles behind such laws. There are at least three obvious reasons we should not marry our near of kin: (1) How could society and the home exist if man was at the same time brother and husband, or a son and a husband; he could never fulfill the duties of such relationships at the same time; (2) By intermarrying with other families than our own the bonds of society are established between neighbors. In an intermarried family feuds and divisions of all kinds would be unavoidable; (3) The strength of the blood line is weakened by family intermarriage and deformity and weaknesses are found in the children and grandchildren.

(1) With mother. Leviticus 18:7 The meaning of the phrase uncover nakedness is found only by referring to its context. There are a total of 21 references to this act in the Old Testament. (Exodus 20:26; Isaiah 42:3; Ezekiel 17:36, 37; Ezekiel 22:10; Ezekiel 23:10; Ezekiel 23:18; Ezekiel 23:29; Leviticus 20:11; Leviticus 20:17; Leviticus 20:20-21 and the nine references in Leviticus 18:6-19.) In all the references in Ezekiel illicit sex relations are described, but in all other references the God-ordained physical relationship in marriage is involved. We believe the phrase was used both ways. In the verses under consideration we are discussing the wrong use of the sex act. Some commentators refer the nakedness of the father to relations of the daughter with the father and the nakedness of the mother to relations of the son with the mother. The paraphrase of this text so renders it; however it is probably more accurate to consider this from the son’s viewpoint and see the nakedness of the mother to include that of the father, since the two are one.

Paul is repulsed at the thought of such a relationshipit is not even named among the pagansand yet it was practiced in the Corinthian church. Cf. 1 Corinthians 5:1-2.

The tragic consequences of such action can be seen in Lot and his daughters. The Moabites and the Ammonites were the unhappy children of such a union. Reuben was marked and punished because he had sexual relations with the handmaid of his father. Cf. Genesis 35:22.

(2) With a step-mother. Leviticus 18:8 Are we to conclude she is widowed and this is a marriage and not adultery? We believe so. Marriage and family relationship must not be violated even if there is no blood relationship. (Cf. Leviticus 20:11; Deuteronomy 27:20) Perhaps the father had died in the example cited in Corinth, but no such information was given and in the absence of it, we would conclude that he was still alive.

(3) With sister or half-sister. Leviticus 18:9 Such description would infer the possibility of a former marriage by either the father or the mother. The father or mother could have children in another town or country. When such children come to visit, the present children must not imagine they are eligible for marriage. They are not. We have a sad example of this relationship in the son and daughter of David. When Amnon was about to commit adultery with his half-sister, Tamar, she cried out, I pray you, speak to the king; for he will not withhold me from you. Cf. 2 Samuel 13:10-19. Evidently this law was not as effective as the example of Jacob reflected in the life of David and his children.

(4) With a granddaughter, the daughter of either son or daughter. Leviticus 18:10 Whereas marriage to a daughter is not plainly stated in any of these relationships we could say it is included in this law, i.e. if a man was not to marry his own granddaughter, how much more should he be shut out from his own daughter? It could be that the word granddaughter should be daughter, i.e. the text could read, the nakedness of thy daughter and of thy son’s daughter. (Ginsburg)

(5) With the daughter of a step-mother. Leviticus 18:11 This refers to a half-sister by a second marriage, and the prohibition refers to the son by the first marriage, whereas Leviticus 18:9 treats of the son by a second marriage. The notion that the man’s own mother is also included, and that the prohibition includes marriage with a full sister, is at variance, with the usage of the expression, thy father’s wife. (Keil)

(6) With an aunt, the sister of either father or mother. Leviticus 18:12-13 Cf. Leviticus 20:19; Leviticus 21:2; Numbers 27:11. Moses might have thought more than twice when he heard this prohibition, since he himself was the offspring of such an alliance. The father of Moses was Amram, who married his own aunt, Jochebed, the sister of Amram’s father. Cf. Exodus 6:20. Home can be a happy place. God tells us how. The fact that His grace and mercy covers our mistakes does not argue against His beautiful ideal pattern.

(7) The wife of an uncle on the father’s side. Leviticus 18:14 A nephew was to have no marriage involvements with his aunt during the lifetime of his uncle, and he could not marry his aunt even when his uncle was dead. Leviticus 20:20 indicates the death penalty for the violation of this law.

We do have examples of the marriage of the niece to her uncle: Nahor married Milcah, the daughter of his brother Haran (Genesis 11:29); Othniel, the son of Kenaz, married his grand-niece, Achsah, the daughter of Caleb, his father’s brother. (Joshua 15:17; Judges 1:13)

(8) The daughter-in-law. Leviticus 18:15 The legislators in the time of Christ defined this prohibition as applicable not only to cases where marriage between them had actually been consummated, but to cases where the maiden had only been espoused, or when the daughter-in-law had been divorced by the son, or had become a widow. For an offense of this kind, both parties were punished by death. (Cf. Leviticus 20:12) Other nations regarded such alliances with the same abhorrence. (Ginsburg)

(9) The sister-in-law, or brother’s wife. Leviticus 18:16 Deuteronomy 25:5 gives the exception to this regulation. Matthew 22:23-26 cites an example of the exception. If a brother dies and his wife has had no male children, the living brother is obligated to marry the widow. If the brother dies and leaves a male child, it would be wrong for the brother to marry the widow. It is of passing interest to note object of interest in the minds of the Sadducees. Our Saviour spoke to them as He does to usin the world to come there will be no sex (nor food, nor money).

(10) The woman and her daughter, or a woman and her granddaughter. Leviticus 18:17 Marriage with a woman and her daughter, whether both together or in succession, is described in Deuteronomy 27:20 as an accursed lying with the mother-in-law; whereas here it is the relation to the step-daughter which is primarily referred to, as we may see from the parallel prohibition, which is added, against taking the daughter of her son or daughter, i.e. the granddaughter-in-law. Both of these were crimes against blood relationship which were to be punished with death in the case of both parties (chapter Leviticus 20:14), because they were -wickedness,-’ literally -invention,-’ design, here applied to the crime of licentiousness and whoredom (Cf. Leviticus 19:29; Judges 20:6; Job 31:11). (Keil)

(11) Two sisters at the same time. Leviticus 18:18 We have read a good deal of discussion as to the possible permission of polygamy from this verse. We are unconvinced that any such possibility could exist. We are not discussing polygamy as cited in Exodus 21:7-11 or Deuteronomy 21:15-17; Deuteronomy 17:17 (please read our BIBLE STUDY TEXTBOOKS on these passages). We are satisfied with the American Standard translation of this verse, and thou shalt not take a wife to her sister, to be a rival to her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her lifetime. As if this were not clear enough the Amplified translation says, You must not marry a woman in addition to her sister to be a rival to her, having sexual relations with the second sister when the first one is alive, or in the New English BibleYou shall not take a woman who is your wife’s sister to make her a rival-wife, and to have intercourse with her during her sister’s lifetime. This seems to be a law against the very circumstance in which Jacob found himself with Leah and Rachel.

FACT QUESTIONS 18:6-18

Why should we consider the laws given here to be larger than the nation of Israel?

Give the three reasons God gave these limitations on the marriage of near kin.

What is meant by the phrase uncover nakedness?

Sex relations with one’s mother has tragic consequences. What biblical examples teach this?

There is a New Testament example of illicit relations with a stepmother. Where? Discuss.

Amnon and Tamar illustrate one of these prohibitions. Discuss.

Why no law against marriage to a daughter?

Show how the case in Leviticus 18:9 is different in the violation of Lev 18:11.

Moses was involved personally in the violation of Lev 18:12-13. Discuss.

What was the penalty for marriage to one’s aunt?

What about marriage to an uncle by a niece?

The law was very strict on marriage between father-in-law and daughter-in-law. Discuss.

There is an exception in the marriage of a brother’s wife. Discuss.

What does God call an accursed lying with the mother-in-law? Discuss the reason.

Just what is involved in the marriage of two sisters? i.e. why the prohibition?

Leviticus 18:19-23

PROHIBITION OF SEXUAL CRIMES 18:19-23 TEXT 18:19-23

19

And thou shalt not approach unto a woman to uncover her nakedness, as long as she is impure by her uncleanness.

20

And thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbor’s wife, to defile thyself with her.

21

And thou shalt not give any of thy seed to make them pass through the fire to Molech; neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am Jehovah.

22

Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination.

23

And thou shalt not lie with any beast to defile thyself therewith; neither shall any woman stand before a beast, to lie down thereto: it is confusion.

THOUGHT QUESTIONS 18:19-23

Is Leviticus 18:19 a discussion of prohibited marriage relationship?

What is meant by lying carnally? as in Leviticus 18:20?

Who was Molech? Just what was involved here?

Does Leviticus 18:22 condemn homosexuality? Discuss.

Why would anyone stoop so low as to desire sex relations with beasts?

PARAPHRASE 18:19-23

There must be no sexual relationship with a woman who is menstruating; nor with anyone else’s wife, to defile yourself with her. You shall not give any of your children to Molech, burning them upon his altar; never profane the name of your God, for I am Jehovah. Homosexuality is absolutely forbidden, for it is an enormous sin. A man shall have no sexual intercourse with any female animal, thus defiling himself; and a woman must never give herself to a male animal, to mate with it; this is a terrible perversion.

COMMENT 18:19-23

Leviticus 18:19-23 It will be helpful to consider this outline of these verses: (1) adultery19, 20; (2) infant sacrifice21; (3) sodomy22; (4) beastiality23. We shall discuss these verses under these headings.

(1) Adultery. Leviticus 18:19-20 Leviticus 18:19 speaks against intercourse with a woman during her period of menstruation and also in the time immediately after childbirth. In Leviticus 15:19-24 we discussed this act by a man who did not know of the condition of the woman; for such an act he was unclean seven days. In both cases fornication or adultery is involved. When the act is presumptuous, both he and the woman are to be put to death. Cf. Leviticus 20:18; Ezekiel 18:16; Ezekiel 22:10.

Leviticus 18:20 is a straight-forward description and condemnation of adultery. Both persons involved were to be put to death. Cf. Deuteronomy 22:22; Ezekiel 16:38; Ezekiel 16:40; John 8:5Cf. Leviticus 20:10 of Lev.) The use of the expression, lie carnally well describes the motivethe lust of the flesh for such God has the death penalty. So called modern man might legalize it between consenting adultsGod condemns them both under the penalty of death.

(2) Infant sacrifice. Leviticus 18:21 This is related to the worship of the god of Molech. Those involved in the uncleanness described earlier would be easy prey to the god Molech. C. D. Ginsburg has supplied us with a very graphic description of this form of idolatry:

Pass through the fire to Molech.Literally, to let it pass to Molech, that is, to put the child into the hands of the figure of Molech, when it fell into the fire which was kindled in the hollow statue of this idol. Molech, also called Milcom, which denotes king, is described as the hideous idol, or the abomination of the Ammonites (1 Kings 11:5; 1 Kings 11:11). The following graphic description has been handed down traditionally of this idol and its worship:Our sages of blessed memory say that whilst all other idols had temples in Jerusalem, Molech had his temple outside Jerusalem, in a place by itself. It was a brass and hollow image, bull-headed, with arms stretched out like a human being who opens his hands to receive something from his neighbour. Its temple had seven compartments, into which the offerers went according to their respective gifts. If one offered a fowl, he went into the first compartment; if a sheep, into the second; if a lamb, into the third; if a ram, into the fourth; if a bullock, into the fifth; if an ox, into the sixth; and if he offered his son, he was conducted into the seventh compartment. He first kissed the image, as it is written, -let the sacrificers of men kiss the calf (Hosea 13:2), whereupon a fire was kindled in Molech till its arms became red hot; the child was then put into its hands, and drums were beaten to produce tremendous noises so as to prevent the shrieks of the child reaching the father’s ears, lest he should be moved with pity towards his offspring. It was to this idol that Solomon erected a temple on the southern side of Mount Olivet (2 Kings 23:13). This idolatrous worship was punished with death by stoning. (See chap. Leviticus 20:2)

(3) Sodomy. Leviticus 18:22 We know of this sin under the name homosexuality. Is the Bible very clear on God’s estimate of this act? Indeed it is! This was the sin of Sodom (Genesis 19:5) for which God burned them up. The death penalty was given for it in Leviticus 20:13. Israel was involved in this sin and suffered for it. (Judges 19:22; 1 Kings 14:24) The apostle Paul described it as being a sin upon which the wrath of God was revealed from heaven. (Romans 1:27) He condemned it in no uncertain terms. (1 Corinthians 6:9; Galatians 5:19; 1 Timothy 1:10) Men have beenand are now delivered from such a bondage. We have nothing but concern and compassion for such persons on a human levelbut there must be motivation from God, not man to deliver such persons.

(4) Beastiality. Leviticus 18:23 We are shocked (or should be) at the thought of such an act. At the same time we are not unaware of such practices for every generation since Moses. Keil is exceedingly clear on this practice. He says: Into no beast shalt thou give thine emission of seed,. and a woman shall not place herself before a beast to lie down thereto. -To lie,-’ is the term used particularly to denote a crime of this description (Cf. Leviticus 20:13; Leviticus 20:15-16; Exodus 22:18). Lying with animals was connected in Egypt with the worship of the goat; at Mendes especially, where the women lay down before he-goats (Herodotus, 2, 46; Strabo, 17, p. 802) Aelian relates an account of the crime being also committed with a dog in Rome; and according to Sonnini in modern Egypt men are said to lie even with female crocodiles.

FACT QUESTIONS 18:19-23

413. Does Leviticus 18:19 forbid sexual relations for all during the menstruation of a woman? Discuss.

How does God consider adultery?

Why would anyone degrade themselves to the extent of burning their children?

Discuss the Bible teaching on homosexuality and how to help such persons.

What possible reason could there be for beastiality? Discuss.

Leviticus 18:24-30

SOLEMN WARNING 18:24-30 TEXT 18:24-30

24

Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things: for in all these the nations are defiled which I cast out from before you;

25

and the land is defiled: therefore I do visit the iniquity thereof upon it, and the land vomiteth out her inhabitants.

26

Ye therefore shall keep my statutes and mine ordinances, and shall not do any of these abominations; neither the home-born, nor the stranger that sojourneth among you

27

(for all these abominations have the men of the land done, that were before you, and the land is defiled);

28

that the land vomit not you out also, when ye defile it, as it vomited out the nation that was before you.

29

For whosoever shall do any of these abominations, even the souls that do them shall be cut off from among their people.

30

Therefore shall ye keep my charge, that ye practise not any of these abominable customs, which were practised before you, and that ye defile not yourselves therein: I am Jehovah your God.

THOUGHT QUESTIONS 18:24-30

The defilement of Israel by the ways, customs, or life style of Egypt and Canaan was deeper than ceremonial uncleanness. Discuss.

The land of Canaan was sick and ready to vomit. What a graphic figure of speech! Discuss the cause and effect.

Evidently obedience was the one quality God wanted most. Is this a fair appraisal?

What is meant by the word abomination?

Why refer to the land as sick and not of God as such?

Excommunication was a real danger. Was it ever practiced? Discuss.

Why repeat so often the phrase, I am the Lord your God?

PARAPHRASE 18:24-30

Do not defile yourselves in any of these ways, for these are the things the heathen do; and because they do them I am going to cast them out from the land into which you are going. That entire country is defiled with this kind of activity; that is why I am punishing the people living there, and will throw them out of the land. You must strictly obey all of My laws and ordinances, and you must not do any of these abominable things; these laws apply both to you who are born in the nation of Israel and to foreigners living among you. Yes, all these abominations have been done continually by the people of the land where I am taking you, and the land is defiled. Do not do these things or I will throw you out of the land, just as I will throw out the nations that live there now. Whoever does any of these terrible deeds shall be excommunicated from this nation. So be very sure to obey My laws, and do not practice any of these horrible customs. Do not defile yourselves with the evil deeds of those living in the land where you are going. For I am Jehovah your God.

COMMENT 18:24-30

Leviticus 18:24-30 This chapter begins and ends with a reference to the sovereignty of God. The whole cause of sin is a failure to recognize and obey the will of God in interpersonal relationships.

The word defile or defile yourselves is a most provocative one. There is a deeper meaning than mere ceremonial uncleanness. Disobedience to our conscience produces a stain on the soul which only repentance and sacrifice can remove. When such response does not take place and the sin is repeated the defilement or stain becomes darker and deeper. The one large lesson we get from the rejection of the Canaanites is that they were responsible for their actions! One man for one woman was a law given by God in Eden. In the beginning it was not so are the words of our Saviour (Matthew 19:8). Whereas Jesus-’ words refer to the words of Moses such a law was known and either kept or rejected long before Moses recorded it.

Personal failure produces national disaster! God does consider man in both ways. The land refers in its context to geography that will one day be a national possession. Does God yet hold the country as well as the individual responsible for his life style? We have no reason to believe otherwise.

The kind of immoral conduct here described and practiced by the Canaanites produced an indigestible ingredient in the national body. The whole body was full of nausea. The body swallowed such conduct, but it offered no life or energy to the bloodstream. It lay as lead in the stomach. It decomposed and could not be assimilated. It must be removed! The laws of self-preservation will take over. On a national scale, such conduct is self-destructive. God is saying through Moses: the present inhabitants of Canaan offer a graphic object lesson. Either learn from their mistakes and prosper, or repeat their sins and suffer as they are.

FACT QUESTIONS 18:24-30

Show the similarity in the beginning and ending of this chapter.

Discuss the deeper meaning of the word defile.

How can we be sure the Canaanites were responsible for their actions?

Show how personal failure produces national disaster.

Is this generation about to be vomited out of the national body of America? Discuss.

Perhaps God does not recognize nations as such today. Discuss.