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Isaiah 11:6 — Word Study

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WLCוְגָ֤ר זְאֵב֙ עִם־ כֶּ֔בֶשׂ וְנָמֵ֖ר עִם־ גְּדִ֣י יִרְבָּ֑ץ וְעֵ֨גֶל וּכְפִ֤יר וּמְרִיא֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן נֹהֵ֥ג בָּֽם׃

BSAThe wolfzᵉʼêb will livegûwr withʻim [in harmony, together] the lambkebes [a young ram, innocent and gentle] and the leopardnâmêr [a fierce and powerful predator] will lie downrâbats [rest, stretch out] withʻim the goatgᵉdîy [a kid, a young one] the calfʻêgel [a young male, nearly grown] and young lionkᵉphîyr [a lion's whelp] and fatlingmᵉrîyʼ [a well-fed animal, healthy and strong] will be togetheryachad [united, in unity] and a little childnaʻar [small, young, a youth, from infancy to adolescence] will leadnâhag [guide, direct]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 11
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 6 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Bam) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 11:6quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse depicts a future harmony among animals, symbolizing peace and innocence.
Who is speakingThe prophet Isaiah, conveying a vision of peace in God's kingdom.
Where we areIn a prophetic passage about the coming reign of peace and righteousness.
The hard wordגּוּר
Take awayThe imagery of natural enemies living together suggests a profound transformation in creation.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectזְאֵב verbגּוּר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 11:6

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Vision of Peacegenerated

5Righteousness will be the belt around His hips, and faithfulness the sash around His waist.
6The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them.
7The cow will graze with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox.
8The infant will play by the cobra’s den, and the toddler will reach into the viper’s nest.

Isaiah 11:6 presents a vivid image of harmony in the animal kingdom, where traditionally predatory animals coexist peacefully with their prey. This vision symbolizes the transformative peace that will characterize the messianic age, a time when fear and enmity are replaced by unity and safety. The surrounding verses emphasize righteousness and faithfulness, setting the stage for this ideal future.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 65:25The wolf and the lamb will feed together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox, but the food of the serpent will be dust. They will neither harm nor destroy on all My holy mountain,” says the LORD.
2Ezekiel 34:25I will make with them a covenant of peace and rid the land of wild animals, so that they may dwell securely in the wilderness and sleep in the forest.
3Hosea 2:18On that day I will make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air and the creatures that crawl on the ground. And I will abolish bow and sword and weapons of war in the land, and will make them lie down in safety.
4Acts 9:13–20But Ananias answered, “Lord, many people have told me about this man and all the harm he has done to Your saints in Jerusalem.
5Romans 14:17For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 13 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.Isaiah 65:25 Ezekiel 34:25 Hosea 2:18 Acts 9:13–20 Romans 14:17 1 Corinthians 6:9–11 2 Corinthians 5:14–21 Galatians 3:26–27 Ephesians 4:22–32 Colossians 3:3–8 Titus 3:3–5 Philemon 1:9–16 Revelation 5:9–10

The Key Word גּוּר, ve.Gargenerated

The word גּוּר (gur) is a verb meaning 'to sojourn' or 'to dwell.' It indicates a sense of residing or living in a place, often implying a temporary stay. In this context, it suggests that the wolf will not only coexist with the lamb but will do so in a peaceful manner, highlighting a radical change in nature.

The parsing as a sequential perfect indicates a completed action, suggesting that this harmonious living is a definitive state in the future envisioned by Isaiah. This transformation is significant, as it reflects the overarching theme of peace and restoration in the messianic era.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this verse, translations generally agree on the imagery of animals living together in peace.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb גּוּר, will sojourn, governs the sentence, with several subjects following: the wolf and the leopard. Each subject is paired with a prepositional phrase indicating with whom they will dwell. The structure emphasizes the harmonious relationships being established.

The word order in Hebrew places the subjects prominently, highlighting the significance of each animal in this peaceful vision. The use of conjunctions links the various pairs, reinforcing the unity of the scene.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates גּוּר as συμβοσκηθήσεται (will be pastured), which emphasizes the nurturing aspect of this coexistence. This choice suggests a focus on care and provision in the envisioned peace.

This translation choice indicates a broader interpretation of the Hebrew text, framing the relationship between these animals not just as peaceful coexistence but as a nurturing and supportive environment.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 11:6 describes a future time when natural enemies, like the wolf and the lamb, will live together in peace. This verse illustrates a vision of harmony and safety, where even young animals like a child will lead them. It emphasizes a transformative peace that will characterize God's kingdom.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that the wolf will live with the lamb?

This imagery symbolizes a future peace where natural enemies coexist harmoniously, reflecting the transformative nature of God's kingdom.

Why does Isaiah use animals in this prophecy?

Animals represent various aspects of creation, and their harmonious relationships illustrate the broader theme of peace and restoration in the world.

What is the significance of a child leading these animals?

The child symbolizes innocence and purity, suggesting that in this peaceful future, even the most vulnerable will be safe and have authority.

How does this verse relate to other prophetic texts?

This vision of peace is echoed in other prophetic texts, such as Isaiah 65:25, which also describes a transformed creation where harmony prevails.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does this vision of peace teach us about God's character?
  2. How can we cultivate harmony in our relationships today, reflecting this prophetic vision?
  3. In what ways do we see the need for peace in our world, similar to what Isaiah describes?
  4. How can we support those who are vulnerable, like the child leading the animals?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early church fathers referenced this passage to discuss the nature of peace and the kingdom of God, illustrating its significance in their theological reflections.

Papias of HierapolisAgainst Heresies (Book V, Chapter 33), Section 4 c. 60–130
The elders who saw John, the disciple of the Lord, related that they had heard from him how the Lord used to teach in regard to these times, and say: The days will come, in which vines shall grow, each having ten thousand branches,
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 11 →
IrenaeusAgainst Heresies (Book V, Chapter 33), Sections 3-4 c. 130–202
The predicted blessing, therefore, belongs unquestionably to the times of the kingdom, when the righteous shall bear rule upon their rising from the dead;
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 11 →
IrenaeusAGAINST HERESIES 5 c. 130–202
I am aware that some try to refer these [prophecies] to fierce people of diverse nations and of different kinds of behavior, who have believed, and when they have believed have come to agree with the righteous.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 11 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 11:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And the wolf also shall dwell with the lamb,.... This, and the three following verses Isaiah 11:7, describe the peaceableness of the Messiah's kingdom; and which the Targum introduces in this manner,

Read John Gill on Isaiah 11 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them. The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 11 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, & c.; the creatures shall be restored to that state of innocency in which they were before the fall of man. But this is not to be understood literally, which is a gross and vain conceit of some Jews; but spiritually and metaphorically, as is evident. And the sense of the metaphor is this, Men of fierce, and cruel, and ungovernable dispositions, shall be so transformed by the preaching of the gospel, and by the grace of Christ, that they shall become most humble, and gentle, and tractable, and shall no more vex and persecute those meek and poor ones mentioned , but shall become such as they; of which we have instances in Saul being made a Paul, and in…

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 11 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 11:6 The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.Ver. 6. The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb.] Not worrying as he was wont, but made tame and tractable. Lo, such a blessed change is wrought in all true converts, as is to be seen in Paul, that wolf of the tribe of Benjamin, prophesied of by Jacob, as some hold. And the like may be said of Petrus Paulus Vergerius, once the Pope’ s nuncio, but afterwards a great preacher of the gospel. Hugh Latimer, once as obstinate a Papist as any was in England - they are his own words - but converted by blessed…

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 11 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(6) The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb . . .—It is significant of the prophet’s sympathy with the animal world that he thinks of that also as sharing in the blessings of redemption. Rapine and cruelty even there were to him signs of an imperfect order, or the consequences of a fall, even as to St. Paul they witnessed of a “bondage of corruption” (Romans 8:21). The very instincts of the brute creation should be changed in “the age to come,” and “the lion should eat straw like the ox.” Men have discussed the question whether and when the words shall receive a literal fulfilment, and the answer to that question lies behind the veil. It may be that what we call the laws of animal nature in…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 11 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 6. The wolf also shall, c. - "Then shall the wolf," c.] The idea of the renewal of the golden age, as it is called, is much the same in the Oriental writers with that of the Greeks and Romans: - the wild beasts grow tame serpents and poisonous herbs become harmless all is peace and harmony, plenty and happiness: - Occidet et serpens, et fallax herba veneni Occidet. VIRG. Eclog. iv. 24. "The serpent's brood shall die. The sacred ground Shall weeds and noxious plants refuse to bear." ____Nec magnos metuent armenta leones. VIRG. Eclog. iv. 22. "Nor shall the flocks fear the great lions." Non lupus insidias explorat ovilia circum, Nec gregibus nocturnus obambulat: acrior illum Cura domat…

Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 11 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

Ch. Isaiah 11:1-9. The Messiah and His KingdomIt is interesting to compare this passage with ch. Isaiah 9:1-7. There the delineation of the Messianic age starts from its broadest and most general features—the light breaking on the land, the universally diffused joy of the redeemed nation—and only at the end centres itself in the person of the Wonderful Child who is born to ascend the throne. Here the person of the Messiah comes first, and then the healing and regenerating influences of which he is the channel. To what period of Isaiah’s career the prophecy belongs cannot be determined. The affinity with ch. Isaiah 9:1-7 suggests the reign of Ahaz, to which it is assigned by Guthe in…

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 11 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The wolf also - In this, and the following verses, the prophet describes the effect of his reign in producing peace and tranquility on the earth.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 11 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the young goat, the calf, the young lion, and the fattened calf together; and a little child will lead them.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them.

NETBNew English Translation2006

A wolf will reside with a lamb, and a leopard will lie down with a young goat; an ox and a young lion will graze together, as a small child leads them along.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And the wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And the wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The wolfe also shall dwell with the lambe, and the leopard shall lie with the kid, and the calfe, and the lyon, and the fat beast together, and a litle childe shall leade them.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid, and the calf and the young lion and the fatted beast together, and a little child shall lead them.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And a wolf hath sojourned with a lamb, And a leopard with a kid doth lie down, And calf, and young lion, and fatling [are] together, And a little youth is leader over them.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

“And a wolf has sojourned with a lamb, || And a leopard lies down with a kid, || And calf, and young lion, and fatling [are] together, || And a little youth is leader over them.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And the wolf shall dwell with the sheep, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling [shall be] together, and a little boy shall lead them.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the young goat, the calf, the young lion and the fattened calf, together. A little child will lead them.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The wolf shall dwell with the lamb: and the leopard shall lie down with the kid: the calf and the lion, and the sheep shall abide together, and a little child shall lead them.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Wolves will live with lambs; leopards will lie down with young goats, calves and young lions and young livestock will be together, and a small child will lead them along.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And the wolf will be living with the lamb, and the leopard will take his rest with the young goat; and the lion will take grass for food like the ox; and the young lion will go with the young ones of the herd; and a little child will be their guide.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbגָ֤רit.will.sojournsubjectזְאֵב֙wolfprepositional phrase · prepositionalעִםwithכֶּ֔בֶשׂlambוְandclausesubjectנָמֵ֖רleopardprepositional phrase · prepositionalעִםwithגְּדִ֣יkidverbיִרְבָּ֑ץit.will.lie.downוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectעֵ֨גֶלcalfוּandכְפִ֤ירyoung.lionוּandמְרִיא֙fatlingpredicateיַחְדָּ֔וtogetherוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectנַ֥עַרa.childקָטֹ֖ןsmallverbנֹהֵ֥ג[will.be].leadingprepositional phrase · prepositionalבָּֽ(in)םthem

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 13 out of 16 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide additional evidence, with some variations due to restoration. However, the core message of peaceful coexistence remains intact across these witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְגָ֤ר זְאֵב֙ עִם־ כֶּ֔בֶשׂ וְנָמֵ֖ר עִם־ גְּדִ֣י יִרְבָּ֑ץ וְעֵ֨גֶל וּכְפִ֤יר וּמְרִיא֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן נֹהֵ֥ג בָּֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְגָ֤רσυμβοσκηθήσεταιזְאֵב֙λύκοςעִם־μετὰכֶּ֔בֶשׂἀρνόςוְנָמֵ֖רπάρδαλιςגְּדִ֣יἐρίφῳוְעֵ֨גֶלμοσξάριονוּכְפִ֤ירλέωνוּמְרִיא֙βοσκηθήσονταιוְנַ֥עַרπαιδίονקָטֹ֖ןμικρὸνנֹהֵ֥גἄχειבָּֽם׃αὐτούς

13 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q57a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

וגר [זאב] [עם] [כבש] ונמר עם גדי ירבצו ועגל וכפיר ומריא יחדיו ונער קטן נוהג [ב׳ם]

10 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

וגר זאב עמ כבש ונמר עמ גדי ירבץ ועגל וכפיר ימרו יחדו ונער קטן נהג ב׳מה

16 words on the leather.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 11:6גּוּרand it willand it will sojגּוּרזְאֵבwolfwolfזְאֵבעִםwithwithעִםכֶּ֫בֶשׂlamblambכֶּ֫בֶשׂנָמֵרand leopardand leopardנָמֵרעִםwithwithעִםגְּדִיkidkidגְּדִירָבַץit will lieit will lie dowרָבַץעֵ֫גֶלand calfand calfעֵ֫גֶלכְּפִירand young land young lionכְּפִירמְרִיאand fatlingand fatlingמְרִיאיַ֫חַדtogethertogetherיַ֫חַדנַ֫עַרand a childand a childנַ֫עַרקָטָןsmallsmallקָטָןנָהַג[will be] l[will be] leadiנָהַגהֶםthemthemהֶםעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרמָרָאto flapto flapמָרָאיָחַדbe joinedbe joinedיָחַדנָעַרto shaketo shakeנָעַרקוּטto loathto loathקוּטנִמְרָהNimrahNimrahנִמְרָהנִמְרִיםNimrimNimrimנִמְרִיםגָּדָהbankbankגָּדָהעָגֹלroundroundעָגֹלשָׁכַבto lie dowto lie down: laשָׁכַבקָבַרto buryto buryקָבַרגֵּרsojournersojournerגֵּרתָּ֫וֶךְmidstmidstתָּ֫וֶךְנָמֵרleopardleopardנָמֵרטָרַףto tearto tearטָרַףעַתּוּדgoatgoatעַתּוּדאַ֫יִלramramאַ֫יִל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 11:6

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
וְגָ֤רve.Gar and it will sojourn H1481 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
97× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to fear or dread something, like the fear of God. It implies a sense of awe or reverence, like the fear that the disciples felt during the storm on the lake in Matthew 8:24. It can also mean to be a stranger or sojourner in a place.
Tyndale gloss
to sojourn
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גּוּר (gur) is a Hebrew verb with a range of meanings including to sojourn, abide, and seek hospitality, as well as to stir up strife or quarrel, and to dread or fear. It is built from a primitive root that conveys the idea of turning aside from a path, often for lodging. The lexicons indicate that it can imply both positive and negative interactions, such as hospitality and conflict.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גּוּר vb. sojourn

Qal

sojourn

abide

Hithpol. seek hospitality with

base

[גּוּר] vb. stir up strife, quarrel

Qal.

stir up strife

quarrel

Hithpol. they excite themselves, but unlikely

base

[גּוּר] vb. dread

Qal

be afraid of

stand in awe of

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1481a גּוּר sojourn .. sojourn

. abide

. seek hospitality with

H1481b גּוּר stir up strife, quarrel H1481c גּוּר dread

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1481 guwr goor

a primitive root; properly, to turn aside from the road (for

a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest);

also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather

for hostility (as afraid):--abide, assemble, be afraid, dwell,

fear, gather (together), inhabitant, remain, sojourn, stand in

awe, (be) stranger, X surely.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גּוּר (gur) — to sojourn.

1) to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell with, remain, inhabit, be a stranger, be continuing, surely

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to sojourn, dwell for a time

1a2) to abide, stay, temporarily dwell

1b) (Hithpolel)

1b1) to seek hospitality with

1b2) to assemble oneself

גּוּר (gur) — to quarrel.

1) to stir up trouble, strife, quarrel, gather together

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to stir up strife

1a2) to quarrel

1b) (Hithpolel) to excite oneself

גּוּר (gur) — to dread.

1) to dread, fear, stand in awe, be afraid

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fear, be afraid

1a2) to be in awe, stand in awe

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq3ms
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
זְאֵב֙ze.'Ev wolf H2061 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Ze'ev means wolf in Hebrew, an animal mentioned in the Bible, often symbolizing danger or fierceness.
Tyndale gloss
wolf
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זְאֵב (z'ev) means 'wolf' and is derived from an unused root that suggests a yellow color. The term is straightforwardly defined across the entries, with no significant variation in meaning. It appears in contexts referring to the animal itself.

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2061 זְאֵב wolf

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2061 z'eb zeh-abe'

from an unused root meaning to be yellow; a wolf:--wolf.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זְאֵב (ze.ev) — wolf.

wolf

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

woolf

(1) ze'ebh (Ge 49:27; 11:6; 65:25; Jer 5:6; Eze 22:27; Hab 1:8; Ze 3:3; also as proper name, Zeeb, prince of Midian, Jud 7:25; 8:3; Ps 83:11); compare Arabic dhi'b, colloquial dhib, or dib;

(2) lukos (Mt 7:15; 10:16; Lu 10:3; Joh 10:12; Ac 20:29; Ecclesiasticus 13:17; compare 2 Esdras 5:18, lupus);

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Wolf

Heb. zeeb, frequently referred to in Scripture as an emblem of treachery and cruelty. Jacob’s prophecy, “Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf” (Gen. 49:27), represents the warlike character of that tribe (see Judg. 19-21). Isaiah represents the peace of Messiah’s kingdom by the words, “The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb” (Isa. 11:6). The habits of the wolf are described in Jer. 5:6; Hab. 1:8; Zeph. 3:3; Ezek. 22:27; Matt. 7:15; 10:16; Acts 20:29. Wolves are…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

There can be little doubt that the wolf of Palestine is the common Canis lupus , and that this is the animal so frequently mentioned in the Bible. (The wolf is a fierce animal of the same species as the dog, which it resembles. The common color is gray with a tinting of fawn, and the hair is long and black. The Syrian wolf is of lighter color than the wolf of Europe it is the dread of the shepherds of Palestine. --ED.) Wolves were doubtless far more common in biblical times than they are now, though they are occasionally seen by modern travellers. The following are the scriptural allusions to the wolf: Its ferocity is mentioned in (Genesis 49:27; Ezekiel 22:27); Habb 1:8; Matt 7:15 Its nocturnal habits, in (

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
עִם־'im- with H5973 Preposition
1,052× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Amplified meaning
in harmony, together
Tyndale gloss
with
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עִם (im) is a preposition meaning 'with' and covers a range of relationships, including companionship, locality, and possession. It can imply actions done jointly, equality, or even opposition in contexts like combat. The related form מֵעִם (me.im) means 'from with' or 'beside.' The entries reflect various nuances but do not present significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִם prep. with

of fellowship and companionship

of aid

Of actions done jointly with another

If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another

Of a common lot together with the wicked

Of equality or resemblance generally aid

Of time, as long as

Of a locality, close to, beside

Of persons, עִם is spec.

in the house or family or service of

In possession of

In the custody or care of

Beside = except

With = friendly with

Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

base

מֵעִם 72 from with or beside

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5973a עִם with . of fellowship and companionship

. Of a locality, close to, beside

. Of persons, עִם is spec. . in the house or family or service of

. In possession of

. In the custody or care of

. Beside = except

. With = friendly with

. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

H5973b מֵעִם from with, beside

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5973 `im eem

from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction

with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with;

often with prepositional prefix (and then usually

unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X

long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from

(among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to,

with(-al).

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִם (im) — with.

1) with

1a) with

1b) against

1c) toward

1d) as long as

מֵעִם (me.im) — from with.

1a) beside, except

1b) in spite of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
כֶּ֔בֶשׂKe.ves lamb H3532 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
107× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a young ram or lamb, old enough to butt or fight. In the Bible, it is used to describe the animals used for sacrifice or as a symbol of innocence.
Amplified meaning
a young ram, innocent and gentle
Tyndale gloss
lamb
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֶּ֫בֶשׂ (*kebes*) means 'lamb' and can also refer to a young ram or sheep. The word is derived from an unused root suggesting a meaning related to dominance. It appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, primarily denoting young sheep.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֶּ֫בֶשׂ 107 n.m. lamb

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3532 כֶּ֫בֶשׂ lamb

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3532 kebes keh-bes'

from an unused root meaning to dominate; a ram (just old

enough to butt):--lamb, sheep.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֶּ֫בֶשׂ (ke.ve.s) — lamb.

lamb, sheep, young ram

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

lam:

(1) The most used word is kebhes, "a young ram"; compare Arabic kebsh, "ram"; often of sacrifices; (feminine) kabhsah, or kibchsah, "ewe lamb" (2Sa 12:3); by transposition kesebh, and feminine kisbah (Ge 30:40; Le 3:7; 5:6).

(2) kar, "lamb" (De 32:14; 1Sa 15:9; 2Ki 3:4).

(3) seh, "one" of the flock (Ge 22:7; Le 5:7).

(4) tso'n, "sheep," "goats," "flock"; compare Arabic da'n, "sheep" (Ex 12:21); and ben tso'n…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Lamb

(1.) Heb. kebes, a male lamb from the first to the third year. Offered daily at the morning and the evening sacrifice (Ex. 29:38-42), on the Sabbath day (Num. 28:9), at the feast of the New Moon (28:11), of Trumpets (29:2), of Tabernacles (13-40), of Pentecost (Lev. 23:18-20), and of the Passover (Ex. 12:5), and on many other occasions (1 Chr. 29:21; 2 Chr. 29:21; Lev. 9:3; 14:10-25).

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The young of the sheep, and also the kid of the goat, Ex 12:5, Christ is the Lamb of God, Joh 1:29, as being the accepted sacrifice for human sin. The sacrifices of the Old Testament were an ordained and perpetual foreshadowing not only of his spotless holiness and his unresisting meekness, Isa 53:4-9. He is described in Re 5:6 12:11, as wearing the form of a sacrificial lamb in heaven itself. See PASSOVER and SACRIFICES.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Offering of Ex 29:38-41; Le 3:7; 4:32; 5:6; 22:23; 23:12; Nu 6:12; 7:15,21; 28:3-8

→ Not to be seethed (boiled) in its own mother's milk Ex 23:19

and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
וְנָמֵ֖רve.na.Mer and leopard H5246 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Another Hebrew word for leopard, also noting its striped appearance. It appears in Daniel 7:6, describing a vision of four beasts, including a leopard.
Amplified meaning
a fierce and powerful predator
Tyndale gloss
leopard
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָמֵר (namer) means 'leopard' and is derived from a root suggesting the idea of being spotted or stained, akin to the animal's distinctive markings. It has an Aramaic equivalent, נְמַר (ne.mar). The entries consistently identify this word with the leopard without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָמֵר n.m. leopard

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5246 נָמֵר leopard

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5246 namer naw-mare'

from an unused root meaning properly, to filtrate, i.e. be

limpid (comp 5247 and 5249); and thus to spot or stain as if

by dripping; a leopard (from its stripes):--leopard.

see HEBREW for 05247

see HEBREW for 05249

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָמֵר (na.mer) — leopard.

leopard

Aramaic equivalent: ne.mar (נְמַר "leopard" H5245)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

lep'-erd ((1) namer (So 4:8; Isa 11:6; Jer 5:6; 13:23; Ho 13:7; Hab 1:8); compare Arabic nimr, "leopard." (2) Chaldaic nemar (Da 7:6). (3) pardalis (Re 13:2; Ecclesiasticus 28:23); compare nimrim Nimrim (Isa 15:6; Jer 48:34), nimrah, Nimrah (Nu 32:3), and beth-nimrah, Beth-nimrah (Nu 32:36;

Leopard

(Heb. namer, so called because spotted, Cant. 4:8), was that great spotted feline which anciently infested the mountains of Syria, more appropriately called a panther (Felis pardus). Its fierceness (Isa. 11:6), its watching for its prey (Jer. 5:6), its swiftness (Hab. 1:8), and the spots of its skin (Jer. 13:23), are noticed. This word is used symbolically (Dan. 7:6; Rev. 13:2).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(Heb. namer) is invariably given by the Authorized Version as the translation of the Hebrew word, which occurs in the seven following passages: (Solomon 4:8; Isaiah 11:6; Jeremiah 5:6; 13:23; Daniel 7:6; Hosea 13:7); Habb 1:8 Leopard occurs also in Ecclus. 28:23 and in (Revelation 13:2) From (Solomon 4:8) we learn that the hilly ranges of Lebanon were in ancient times frequented by these animals. They are now not uncommonly seen in and about Lebanon and the southern maritime mountains of Syria. Under the name namer , which means "spotted," it is not improbable that another animal, namely the cheetah (Gueparda jubata), may be included; which is tamed by the Mohammedans of…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A fierce wild beast of the feline genus, beautifully spotted with a diversity of colors; it has small eyes, wide jaws, sharp teeth, round ears, a large tail; five claws on the fore feet, and four on those behind. It is swift, craft, and cruel; dangerous to all domestic cattle, and even to man, Jer 5:6 13:23 Da 10:6 Ho 13:7 Hab 1:8. Its name, leopard, implies that it has something of the lion and of the panther in its nature. It seems from Scripture that the leopard could not be rare in Palestine. Its Hebrew name occurs significantly in several names of places; as Beth-nimrah, the haunt of leopards, Nu 32:36. So in Nimrah…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
עִם־'im- with H5973 Preposition
1,052× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Tyndale gloss
with
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עִם (im) is a preposition meaning 'with' and covers a range of relationships, including companionship, locality, and possession. It can imply actions done jointly, equality, or even opposition in contexts like combat. The related form מֵעִם (me.im) means 'from with' or 'beside.' The entries reflect various nuances but do not present significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִם prep. with

of fellowship and companionship

of aid

Of actions done jointly with another

If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another

Of a common lot together with the wicked

Of equality or resemblance generally aid

Of time, as long as

Of a locality, close to, beside

Of persons, עִם is spec.

in the house or family or service of

In possession of

In the custody or care of

Beside = except

With = friendly with

Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

base

מֵעִם 72 from with or beside

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5973a עִם with . of fellowship and companionship

. Of a locality, close to, beside

. Of persons, עִם is spec. . in the house or family or service of

. In possession of

. In the custody or care of

. Beside = except

. With = friendly with

. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

H5973b מֵעִם from with, beside

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5973 `im eem

from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction

with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with;

often with prepositional prefix (and then usually

unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X

long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from

(among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to,

with(-al).

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִם (im) — with.

1) with

1a) with

1b) against

1c) toward

1d) as long as

מֵעִם (me.im) — from with.

1a) beside, except

1b) in spite of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
גְּדִ֣יge.Di kid H1423 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A young goat, often referred to as a kid, is a juvenile goat in the Bible. This word is used to describe a goat that is still young and developing. It appears in various contexts, including biblical descriptions of animals.
Amplified meaning
a kid, a young one
Tyndale gloss
kid
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גְּדִי (gdiy) refers to a young goat, specifically a male. The word is derived from a root associated with browsing, indicating its connection to young animals that graze. The entries consistently define it simply as 'kid' without significant variation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1423 גְּדִי kid

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1423 gdiy ghed-ee'

from the same as 1415; a young goat (from browsing):--kid.

see HEBREW for 01415

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גְּדִי (ge.di) — kid.

kid, young male goat

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(1) gedhi (Ex 23:19, etc.);

(2) feminine gedhiyah (Isa 11:6, etc.);

(3) gedhi `izzim, English Versions of the Bible "kid," literally, "kid of the goats," the King James Version margin (Jud 6:19, etc.);

(4) `ez, literally, "goat" (De 14:21; 1Ki 20:27);.

(5) se`ir `izzim, the King James Version "kid of the goats," the Revised Version (British and American) "he-goat" (Ge 37:31; Le 9:3, etc.);

(6) eriphos (Lu 15:29).

See GOAT.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Kid

The young of the goat. It was much used for food (Gen. 27:9; 38:17; Judg. 6:19; 14:6). The Mosaic law forbade to dress a kid in the milk of its dam, a law which is thrice repeated (Ex. 23:19; 34:26; Deut. 14:21). Among the various reasons assigned for this law, that appears to be the most satisfactory which regards it as “a protest against cruelty and outraging the order of nature.” A kid cooked in its mother’s milk is “a gross, unwholesome dish, and calculated to kindle animal and ferocious passions, and on this account Moses may have forbidden it. Besides, it is even yet associated with immoderate feasting; and originally, I suspect,” says Dr. Thomson (Land and the…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[GOAT]

and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
יִרְבָּ֑ץyir.Batz it will lie down H7257 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To stretch or lie down, like an animal, and can imply resting or lurking, as in Exodus 23:5.
Amplified meaning
rest, stretch out
Tyndale gloss
to stretch
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָבַץ (rabats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stretch out or lie down. It encompasses actions like reclining, brooding, or lurking, and can imply causing something to lie down as well. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָבַץ vb. stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

Qal lie down, lie

Hiph. cause to lie down, or lie

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7257 רָבַץ stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7257 rabats raw-bats'

a primitive root; to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a

recumbent animal); be implication, to recline, repose, brood,

lurk, imbed:--crouch (down), fall down, make a fold, lay,

(cause to, make to) lie (down), make to rest, sit.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָבַץ (ra.vats) — to stretch.

1) to stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

1a) (Qal) to lie down, lie

1b)(Hiphil) to cause to lie down

1b1) laying (stones)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
וְעֵ֨גֶלve.'E.gel and calf H5695 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
35× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word refers to a young male calf, nearly grown into a steer. It appears in the book of Exodus and Leviticus, describing animal sacrifices. The word is often translated as 'bullock' or 'calf'.
Amplified meaning
a young male, nearly grown
Tyndale gloss
calf
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵ֫גֶל (egel) refers to a male calf, particularly one that is nearly grown, and is associated with the idea of frisking or circling about. The term is used in the context of livestock, specifically as a bull-calf or steer, as noted in various lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵ֫גֶל n.m. calf (as rolling or circling about ?)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5695 עֵ֫גֶל calf (as rolling or circling about ?)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5695 `egel ay-ghel

from the same as 5696; a (male) calf (as frisking round),

especially one nearly grown (i.e. a steer):--bullock, calf.

see HEBREW for 05696

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵ֫גֶל (e.gel) — calf.

calf, bull-calf

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kaf (`eghel; par, or par, often rendered "bullock"): The etymology of both words is uncertain, but the former has a close parallel in the Arabic `ijl, "calf." Par is generally used of animals for sacrifice, `eghel, in that and other senses. `Eghel is used of the golden calves and frequently in the expression, `eghel marbeq, "fatted calf," or "calf of the stall," the latter being the literal meaning (1Sa 28:24; Jer 46:21; Am 6:4; Mal 4:2).

At the present day beef is not highly esteemed by the people of the country, but mutton is much prized. In the houses of the peasantry it is common to see a young ram being literally stuffed with food, mulberry or other leaves being forced…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Calf

Calves were commonly made use of in sacrifices, and are therefore frequently mentioned in Scripture. The “fatted calf” was regarded as the choicest of animal food; it was frequently also offered as a special sacrifice (1 Sam. 28:24; Amos 6:4; Luke 15:23). The words used in Jer. 34:18, 19, “cut the calf in twain,” allude to the custom of dividing a sacrifice into two parts, between which the parties ratifying a covenant passed (Gen. 15:9, 10, 17, 18). The sacrifice of the lips, i.e., priase, is called “the calves of our lips” (Hos. 14:2, R.V., “as bullocks the…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The calf was held in high esteem by the Jews as food. (1 Samuel 28:24; Luke 15:23) The molten calf prepared by Aaron for the people to worship, (Exodus 32:4) was probably a wooden figure laminated with gold, a process which is known to have existed in Egypt. [AARON]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The young of the cow, a clean animal much used in sacrifice; hence the expression, "So will we render the calves of our lips," Ho 14:2, meaning, we will offer as sacrifices the prayers and praises of our lips, Heb 13:15. The fatted calf was considered the choicest animal food, Ge 18:7 Am 6:4 Lu 15:23.

In Jer 34:18, "they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof," there is an allusion to an ancient mode of ratifying a covenant; the parties thus signifying their willingness to be themselves cut in pieces if unfaithful,

and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
וּכְפִ֤ירu.khe.Fir and young lion H3715 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
32× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word can mean either a village or a young lion. It is used in the Bible to describe a place or an animal, like a lion with a mane. The KJV translates it as lion or village.
Amplified meaning
a lion's whelp
Tyndale gloss
lion
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word כְּפִיר (*kefir*) primarily means 'young lion,' while its plural form כְּפִירִים (*kefirim*) likely refers to 'villages.' The word is built from the root associated with 'covering,' suggesting a connection to both young lions and enclosed spaces. It appears in Nehemiah 6:2.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּפִיר n.m. young lion

base

כְּפִירִים Ne 6:2, prob. = foregoing [כְּפִירָה] (𝔊 al. n. appell. = villages).

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3715a כְּפִיר young lion H3715b כְּפִירִים prob. = כְּפִירָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3715 kphiyr kef-eer'

from 3722; a village (as covered in by walls); also a young

lion (perhaps as covered with a mane):--(young) lion, village.

Compare 3723.

see HEBREW for 03722

see HEBREW for 03723

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּפִיר (ke.phir) — lion.

young lion

כְּפִירִים (ke.phi.rim) — Hakkephirim.

village

Another name of o.no (אוֹנוֹ "Ono" H0207)

כְּפִירִים (ke.phi.rim) — villages.

village

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

li'-un:

(1) Occurring most often in the Old Testament is 'aryeh, plural 'ardyoth. Another form, 'ari, plural 'arayim, is found less often.

1. Names:

Compare 'ari'el, "Ariel" (Ezr 8:16; Isa 29:1,2,7); char'el, "upper altar," and 'ari'el, "altar hearth" (Eze 43:15); 'aryeh, "Arieh" (2Ki 15:25); 'ar'eli, "Areli" and "Arelites" (Ge 46:16; Nu 26:17).

(2) kephir, "young lion," often translated "lion" (Ps 35:17; Pr 19:12; 23:1, etc.).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

"The most powerful, daring and impressive of all carnivorous animals, the most magnificent in aspect and awful in voice." At present lions do not exist in Palestine; but they must in ancient times have been numerous. The lion of Palestine was in all probability the Asiatic variety, described by Aristotle and Pliny as distinguished by its short and curly mane, and by being shorter and rounder in shape, like the sculptured lion found at Arban. It was less daring than the longer named species, but when driven by hunger it not only ventured to attack the flocks in the desert in presence of the shepherd, (1 Samuel 17:34; Isaiah 31:4) but laid waste towns and villages, (2 Kings 17:25,26; Proverbs 22:13; 26:13) and devoured men.…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The well-known and noble king of beasts, frequently spoken of in Scripture. He often exceeds eight feet in length and four feet in height; and his majestic and dauntless aspect, his prodigious strength and agility, and his peculiar roar, make him the terror of the forests. Lions were common in Palestine, (See JORDAN,) and the Hebrews had seven different names for them, to distinguish the different ages, etc. Five of these occur together in Job 4:10,11. See also Na 2:11,12. The psalmist alludes to the stealthy creeping of the lion till he can spring upon his prey, when he says of the crafty wicked man, "He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den; .... he croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones." The Bible reader will remember the exploits of…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ King of beasts Mic 5:8

→ Fierceness of Job 4:10; 28:8; Ps 7:2; Pr 22:13; Jer 2:15; 49:19; 50:44; Ho 13:8

→ The roaring of Ps 22:13; Pr 20:2

→ Strength of Pr 30:30; Isa 38:13; Joe 1:6

and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
וּמְרִיא֙u.me.Ri' and fatling H4806 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A fat or well-fed animal, often a cow or cattle. It's used to describe an animal that has been fed well and is healthy.
Amplified meaning
a well-fed animal, healthy and strong
Tyndale gloss
fatling
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְרִיא (mriy') refers to a fatling or well-fed beast, particularly cattle. It is derived from a root meaning grossness and suggests a sense of being stall-fed. The term is used in contexts related to livestock, emphasizing the idea of a fat or well-nourished animal.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְרִיא n.[m.] fatling, fatlings

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4806 מְרִיא fatling, fatlings

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4806 mriy' mer-ee'

from 4754 in the sense of grossness, through the idea of

domineering (compare 4756); stall-fed; often (as noun) a

beeve:--fat (fed) beast (cattle, -ling).

see HEBREW for 04754

see HEBREW for 04756

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְרִיא (me.ri) — fatling.

well-fed, fatling

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Fatling

(1.) A fatted animal for slaughter (2 Sam. 6:13; Isa. 11:6; Ezek. 39:18. Comp. Matt. 22:4, where the word used in the original, sitistos, means literally “corn-fed;” i.e., installed, fat). (2.) Ps. 66:15 (Heb. meah, meaning “marrowy,” “fat,” a species of sheep). (3.) 1 Sam. 15:9 (Heb. mishneh, meaning “the second,” and hence probably “cattle of a second quality,” or lambs of the second birth, i.e., autmnal lambs, and therfore of less value).

and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
יַחְדָּ֔וyach.Dav together H3162 Adverb
141× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This adverb means together, describing people doing something in unity, like in Psalm 133:1.
Amplified meaning
united, in unity
Tyndale gloss
unitedness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יַ֫חַד (yachad) refers to the concept of unitedness or being together. It can function as a noun meaning 'unitedness' and as an adverb meaning 'together.' The word is built from a root that emphasizes unity and is used in various contexts in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יַ֫חַד 45 n.[m.] unitedness

as subst.

elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together

base

יָחְדָּו 92 adv. together

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3162a יַ֫חַד unitedness . as subst.

. elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together

H3162b יָחְדָּו adv. together

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3162 yachad yakh'-ad

from 3161; properly, a unit, i.e. (adverb) unitedly:--alike,

at all (once), both, likewise, only, (al-)together, withal.

see HEBREW for 03161

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יַ֫חַד (ya.chad) — unitedness.

1) union, unitedness

יָחְדָּו (yach.dav) — together.

adv

together

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adv — Adverb
HD
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
וְנַ֥עַרve.Na.'ar and a child H5288 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
239× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word means a young person, either a boy or a girl, from infancy to adolescence. It is used to describe the servants and attendants who worked for kings and other important people in the Old Testament, like King David's servants.
Amplified meaning
small, young, a youth, from infancy to adolescence
Tyndale gloss
youth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נַ֫עַר (na`ar) generally refers to a boy, lad, or youth, covering ages from infancy to adolescence. It can also imply a servant or retainer and, in some contexts, may refer to a girl of similar age. The term appears in various forms across different lexicons, with Brown-Driver-Briggs noting its usage as a shaking or scattering.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נַ֫עַר 239 n.m. 1. boy, lad, youth. 2. retainer (not in P)

boy, lad, youth (c. 133 t.)

servant, retainer (c. 105 t.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5288a נַ֫עַר usu. interpr. as a shaking, scattering H5288b נַ֫עַר, נַ֫עַר . boy, lad, youth

. retainer

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5288 na`ar nah'-ar

from 5287; (concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of

infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by

interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latitude in age):--babe,

boy, child, damsel (from the margin), lad, servant, young

(man).

see HEBREW for 05287

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נַ֫עַר (na.ar) — youth.

1) a boy, lad, servant, youth, retainer

1a) boy, lad, youth

1b) servant, retainer

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Child

This word has considerable latitude of meaning in Scripture. Thus Joseph is called a child at the time when he was probably about sixteen years of age (Gen. 37:3); and Benjamin is so called when he was above thirty years (44:20). Solomon called himself a little child when he came to the kingdom (1 Kings 3:7).

The descendants of a man, however remote, are called his children; as, “the children of Edom,” “the children of Moab,” “the children of Israel.”

In the earliest times mothers did not wean their children till they were from thirty months to three years old; and the day on which they were weaned was kept as a festival day (Gen. 21:8; Ex. 2:7, 9;

and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
קָטֹ֖ןka.Ton small H6996
101× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means something or someone small in size, amount, or importance. It can describe something as little or least, and is often used to convey a sense of youth or insignificance. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
small
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָטָן (qatan) means small, young, or unimportant. It can refer to size, quantity, or age, and is often used to describe something insignificant. The entries indicate that it is a diminutive form, with variations in spelling. The lexicons highlight its meanings consistently, without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָטָן adj. small, young, unimportant

base

קָטֹן 64 adj. small, insignificant

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6996a קָטָן small, young, unimportant H6996b קָטֹן small, insignificant

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6996 qatan kaw-tawn'

or qaton {kaw-tone'}; from 6962; abbreviated, i.e.

diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or

figuratively (in age or importance):--least, less(-er),

little (one), small(-est, one, quantity, thing),

young(-er, -est).

see HEBREW for 06962

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָטָן (qa.tan) — small.

young, small, unimportant

Another spelling of qa.ton (קָטֹן ": small" H6996B)

קָטֹן (qa.ton) — small.

: small

small, insignificant

קָטֹן (qa.ton) — small: young.

: young

small, insignificant

A sub-meaning of qa.ton (קָטֹן ": small" H6996B)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HAamsa
HAamsa
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
נֹהֵ֥גno.Heg [will be] leading H5090 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To moan means to sigh or lament, like in Psalm 77:3 when the psalmist moaned in his sleepless night. It can also mean to lead or guide someone, like in 1 Samuel 25:42 when Abigail led her maids to follow David.
Amplified meaning
guide, direct
Tyndale gloss
to lead
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָהַג (nahag) is a Hebrew verb meaning to drive, lead, or guide. It can refer to driving animals or chariots, as well as guiding oneself or others. Additionally, in the Piel form, it can mean to moan or lament. The word appears in contexts that emphasize both physical guidance and emotional expression.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָהַג vb. drive, conduct

Qal

drive

fig. my heart behaving itself in wisdom

Pi.

drive away, lead off

lead on, guide

cause to drive

base

[נָהַג] vb. Pi. moan, lament;—Pi. Na 2:8

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5090a נָהַג drive, conduct .. drive

. fig. my heart behaving itself in wisdom

. . drive away, lead off

. lead on, guide

. cause to drive

H5090b נָהַג Pi. moan, lament

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5090 nahag naw-hag'

a primitive root; to drive forth (a person, an animal or

chariot), i.e. lead, carry away; reflexively, to proceed (i.e.

impel or guide oneself); also (from the panting induced by

effort), to sigh:--acquaint, bring (away), carry away, drive

(away), lead (away, forth), (be) guide, lead (away, forth).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָהַג (na.hag) — to lead.

1) to drive, lead, guide, conduct

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to drive, lead on, drive away, drive off

1a2) to behave itself (fig.) (of heart)

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to drive away, lead off

1b2) to lead on, guide, guide on

1b3) to cause to drive

נָהַג (na.hag) — to moan.

(Piel) to moan, lament

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVqrmsa
and it will sojourn wolf with lamb and leopard with kid it will lie down and calf and young lion and fatling together and a child small [will be] leading them
בָּֽם׃Bam them H9038 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶם (hem) — them.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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