Words Can Hurt
Ephesians 4Words can hurt. (extensive use of Ephesians 4)
1. A Christian's communication.
2. Speak no evil.
a. negativity (sarcasm, defeatism)
b. gossip
3. Four characteristics of Christian words:
a. Good.
b. Constructive. (example of Dr. William Barclay.)
c. Appropriate. (knowing when to speak is more important than what)
Especially important in times of grief.
Warm touch more important than words.
d. Gracious.
Summary of word "grace"
4. Revolutionary Communication.
Language rooted in love.
[See #30708 for concrete examples of destructive\constructive words.]
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STICKS AND STONES MAY BREAK MY BONES . . .
BUT WORDS CAN HURT — OR, UNDER CHRIST’S CONTROL, THEY CAN BRING HEALING GRACE.
By Jerry Harvill
They sat in front of me at the restaurant, a picture of relational despair. Their body language told the whole story: she leaned toward him with swollen, desperate eyes, pleading in urgent tones; he stretched backwards, almost horizontal, avoiding eye contact and sulking in dark silence. As I watched the anguish in her face, I couldn’t help thinking how inaccurate the child’s ditty is that says, “words can never hurt me!”
Despite technological miracles in communication, one of the most characteristic diseases of modern life is loneliness. Never have so many people experienced so much communication, yet so little contact. Evidence of this can be seen in Shere Hite’s controversial new study, WOMEN AND LOVE, A CULTURAL REVOLUTION IN PROGRESS, in which she claims that ninety-eight percent of today’s women wish for more verbal closeness with their male partners, and that the most frequently cited cause of women’s anger in relationships today is that “he doesn’t listen.”
Every person has an urgent need for communication that goes beyond empty words. We all crave conversation that is more than trivia; we all hunger for truth, for inclusion, and for affection. But in an age of image makers and of communication hype, an age distinguished by political double-talk and religious phonies, has our innocence been so shattered that we can no longer believe in words or trust talk again?
A CHRISTIAN’S COMMUNICATION
The Epistle to the Ephesians has very practical things to say concerning today’s communication crisis. Of special interest is the section Ephesians 4:29–5:2, where Paul focuses on the believer’s speech in terms of its truth, its tone, and its motivation. The message in Ephesians is that our crisis is not so much a crisis of speech as a crisis of speakers, that to radically change contemporary language we must change contemporary loyalties.
In the second main section of the Epistle, which begins at Ephesians 4, Paul emphasizes in practical, earthy tones the characteristics of the calling issued to Christians by God: It is a call to walk worthily (Ephesians 4:1–16), and also a call to walk differently from those not in Christ (Ephesians 4:17–24). Paul goes on to explain that the Christian’s calling from God also means walking in love (Ephesians 4:25–5:2). In the apostle’s view, the Christian’s love changes the Christian’s language:
Let no evil talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for edifying, as fits the occasion, that it may impart grace to those who hear. And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption. Let all bitterness and wrath and anger and clamor and slander be put away from you with all malice and be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you. Therefore, be imitators of God, as beloved children. And walk in love, as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us, a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God. — Ephesians 4:2–5:2, RSV
SPEAK NO EVIL
Paul teaches that Christian communication must radically cut out certain talk: “Let no evil talk come out of your mouths” (Ephesians 4:29). The word for “evil talk” in this verse denotes literally what is rotten, putrid, or corrupt. Applied to language and relationships, it points to words that spoil relationships, poison another’s influence, or corrupt another’s character.
How often do we verbally poison those to whom we would not think of giving a toxic substance? Consider, for example, the poison of negativity, in the forms of sarcasm or just plain defeatism. How subtly parents poison their children’s confidence and imaginations by being perpetual wet blankets on their youngsters’ dreams! How effectively employers spoil employees’ creativity by meeting every new idea with, “That can’t work here!”
But probably the most common form of evil talk is trading gossip. When our words soil someone else’s reputation or worth, or when our stories attract attention to others’ failures and weaknesses, we’re using language that is out of place on Christian lips. But no matter what form bad mouthing takes, Paul makes it clear that God’s children are meant for better things.
But there is more to Christian communication than negative purity. A vocabulary emptied of evil remains an empty vocabulary until it is filled with good. Therefore, Paul spells out four characteristics of Christian words: “such as is good for edifying, as fits the occasion, that it may impart grace to those who hear” (Ephesians 4:29).
GOOD WORDS
According to the Apostle Paul, the broadest feature of Christian words is that they are good words. Only conversation that has the quality of goodness is appropriate for God’s children. Broad as this criterion is, it’s a useful test to apply before we speak: Is what I’m about to say truly good? As an old Quaker used to say, “Never break the silence unless you can improve on it.”
Scripture says that only One is truly good (Mark 10:18), and that He is the source of every good in life (James 1:17). We know what good is by reference to Him. The “word of God” became flesh and entered history in the person of Jesus Christ (John 1:1–14), so that when we wonder what God is like, what goodness is, we can think of Jesus. To put it simply, good words are those words suitable for the mouth of Jesus.
Years ago a wise mentor gave me sound advice about conversation topics. As he put it, there are three classes of intellect, ranging from low to high, and those three calibers of mind correlate to three tastes in conversation. At the lowest level are those who delight in talking about people. At the next level are those whose conversation centers on events. And the highest level are those minds attracted to great and noble ideas.
That advice has stuck with me over the years, and it convicts me now as I reflect on the times I’ve neglected it. The plain truth is that goodness is a nonnegotiable baseline for those who would speak as children of God.
CONSTRUCTIVE WORDS
According to Paul, Christian words are not only good, they are good for something: “good for edifying” (Ephesians 4:29). The term here literally means, “good for building up,” or “good for improvement.”
We have an English idiom that captures this idea in our notion of constructive comments. Each of us knows instantly when someone’s comments are constructive or not. Often it depends not so much on what is said as the way it is spoken.
Whenever I think of constructive words, I think of my teacher at the University of Glasgow, the late Dr. William Barclay. When I began my graduate studies under him in 1972, I was a brassy young minister from a staunchly fundamentalist background. In my circles, aggressive religious debate was not only permitted, it was the path to status! Everyone I heard and everyone I read was a target for my rebuttals since, for me, it was a faith issue to leave no error unchallenged.
That first year was a war. Dr. Barclay, who was scarcely conservative, much less fundamentalist, patiently endured my reactionism, returning each of my research papers covered with red ink. With a kind but firm spirit he would write in the margins, “Good point, but have you considered . . .” and then he would point out a book or author or argument I’d never heard of. When we talked, he often would say, “Of course, you’re aware that . . .” or “I’m sure you’re familiar with so-and-so . . .” In those gentle ways he confronted me with my ignorance, while at the same time affirming my potential.
After about a year of theological gauntlet throwing I went to Dr. Barclay’s office for a conference. I had asked God to create a new spirit in me. I thanked Dr. Barclay for his patience with me, and for his tolerance of my insecurities, and I told him I hoped he wasn’t offended by my disagreements with him.
I can still see him as he leaned forward across his desk, piled high with his own research, and said with a twinkle in his Scottish eye, “I know this hasn’t been easy for you. This has been a hard year, but you’ve grown through it. I believe the better you get to know me, the better you’ll know three things about me.
“First, nobody loves a good debate more than I. Second, nobody dislikes more than I students who merely swallow everything I say. Third, nobody desires more than I that you keep your strong convictions. But I want you always to earn the right to disagree by first giving to every man a fair and honest hearing.”
During my years at Glasgow I did, indeed, learn that those three things were true of him. But most of all, I learned what a difference it makes when a teacher creates a positive climate in which students feel valued. Dr. Barclay is gone now, but his influence isn’t. His reproof and correction always left me feeling, I’M CAPABLE OF BETTER WORK THAN THAT, because his criticism left me with a sense of my strengths rather than of my weaknesses. Dr. Barclay’s words were always constructive, or, in the Apostle Paul’s terms, “good for edifying.”
APPROPRIATE WORDS
In the third place, Paul insists that Christian words are appropriate and timely words, in the sense that they “fit the occasion” (Ephesians 4:29). It is possible to offer good words, even edifying words, which nevertheless are not genuinely helpful for the needs of the moment.
Knowing just what to say, and just how to say it, is never easy, but it is the Christian communicator’s ideal. As today’s gospel on legs, God’s voice to our generation, we must recognize how crucial rhythm and timing are to our speech.
So often the problem of knowing what to say is less a problem of what than of when. We get the message right, it’s just sent at the wrong time.
The solution is to get more in touch with God’s seasons. These seasons are not so much external as they are heart-times. As one ancient poet put it,
There is a time for everything,
and a season for every activity under heaven:
a time to be born and a time to die . . .
a time to tear down and a time to build,
a time to weep and a time to laugh,
a time to mourn and a time to dance.
I know how easy it is to blow right past this responsibility to speak timely words, and to neglect it in the names of honesty, candor, and truth. My motto as a young minister was from 2 Tim. 4:2, “Preach the Word; be prepared in season and out of season; correct, rebuke and encourage.” I always loved that rebuking part!
It was only in later years that I discovered a crucial omission in my motto. The last portion of Paul’s statement to Timothy in that verse is, “with great patience and careful instruction.” That call to patience is a charge to adjust to God’s seasons and to temper our rebuking with longsuffering.
Perhaps the toughest times in which to speak words that “fit the occasion” are times of great grief and sorrow. I know people who will not visit friends or even relatives in the hospital because they feel they don’t know what to say. In their view, it’s better to say nothing than to risk saying the wrong thing.
I believe this is a profound mistake, for at least two reasons. The first is that because of the nature of interpersonal relationships, it is impossible not to communicate. Your absence at the bedside is itself communicating something. In relationships the issue is never to communicate or not to communicate, but always WHAT KIND of communication to offer. Something is going to be heard, and it may be false and distorted inferences.
The second reason it is a mistake to remain silent is that often what is needed most in difficult circumstances is not talk but a warm touch. A generous hug can be poetry in motion to those who are afraid or brokenhearted. In some situations the most eloquent words are not words at all, but rather the simple vigil of your presence.
I remember a crisis years ago in Ames, Iowa, that changed my life. It was my second church, and I was green and insecure. Funerals were my biggest fear. What would I say? How would I find just the right words of comfort?
Then an early morning car crash on a foggy rural highway left one of our finest young fathers dead. George left behind two small children, a new baby, a young wife, a blossoming career as a nuclear physicist, and a church full of close friends who were stunned and grieving.
As I drove to the house to comfort the widow, I ached over what to say to her and the others. I prayed that the Lord would help me to find the right words. He heard those prayers, and answered them — but not in the way I expected. When I walked into the room where the young widow sat, the grief in the air was so heavy it took my breath away, and with it, all my glib platitudes. As our eyes met, the burden of her loss was so visible on her face that words became a mockery. All we could do was hug each other and cry together.
But that was some of the best “preaching” I’ve ever done. And it taught me that a lot of our worry over finding the right words in times of crisis is misguided.
Love has many tongues. It speaks through a touch, a tear, a silent vigil. Therefore, don’t discount yourself because you’re not eloquent. If you can give a hug or a shoulder to cry on, if you can laugh or listen, you can create music for the brokenhearted. I have learned that what best “fits the occasion” is not what is slick and facile, but what comes from the heart.
GRACIOUS WORDS
Paul’s fourth stroke in his portrait of Christian words is that speech must be gracious, “that it may impart grace to those who hear” (Ephesians 4:29).
Grace is virtually a one-word summary of Paul’s gospel. CHARIS, the Greek word for GRACE, is a derivative of CHAIRO, “to rejoice,” and connotes that which created joy in either the hearer or the observer.
In its Christian usage, CHARIS has special focus on the grace of God. The key to its meaning in Scripture is not simply that it points to joy that comes from God, but that it means UNEARNED favor from God. In Paul’s teaching, therefore, CHARIS is contrasted with MISTHOS (reward), so that the true counterpoint to divine election, for example, is not damnation, but payment, or reward. “For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith — and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God — not by works, so that no one can boast” (Ephesians 2:8–9; cf. Romans 3:27–31). To put it simply, at the heart of grace in Scripture is the idea of receiving what one does not deserve.
Words that “impart grace to those who hear,” therefore, are words that are concerned not with what others deserve or have a right to, but with what others need. Grace-talk takes many forms. Indeed, as with the other criteria in Paul’s list, the category of gracious words has less to do with vocabulary lists than with attitudes of the heart.
I am aware how maudlin all this sounds in a culture where rights function as battle lines and a lawyer for every 350 Americans makes us the most litigious society on earth. In such an atmosphere gracious words may seem like the language of wimps.
But grace-talk is not the language of wimps, but of winners. I disagree with the notion that in relationships victory goes to those who demand their rights. In my experience, the times of greatest peril in my relationships have been those periods when I have been most preoccupied with guarding my own interests.
The human personality, as Sidney Harris has pointed out, it is not an apple that has to be polished, but a banana that has to be peeled. And the reason we remain so far from one another, the reason we neither communicate nor interact in any real way, is that most of us spend our lives in polishing rather than peeling. We shine the surface: appearance, clothes, manners, charisma. Our focus is on selling the package, not the product. It takes courage and strength to love, to risk, to be vulnerable to the peeling process of authentic self-disclosure and discovery. In today’s culture, the wimp is the relational Scrooge who is too afraid to risk.
That is why perhaps the greatest form of grace-talk we may practice today is the simple phrase, “Will you forgive me?” Built into this almost miraculous formula is grace as a gift of forgiveness that is beyond our human capabilities, plus an awareness of the shared ground for all forgiving: the undeserved forgiveness we have received.
The beginning of most human rifts that sabotage relationships is what John Powell, in THE SECRET OF STAYING IN LOVE, calls “wounded spirits.” For example, I say something that hurts you, and you are crushed. Often, you do not tell me about your pain, but instead retaliate, which soon escalates a back-and-forth contest of getting even. When this happens, says Powell, “the lines of communication are down, the relationship is bleeding and there is a great need for healing.” This is where the acknowledged need for forgiveness, both given and received, becomes a balm of healing. The grace to forgive affirms our worth while it cements our bonds.
Gracious words are concerned with words as gifts, not payments. It may be true that men are “pigs,” or that women are “ruthless,” and that neither deserves the other’s love. But that’s the whole point of grace, and the difference between Christian words and secular ideas of communication. Grace-talk is the Christian’s way of spreading around God’s undeserved gift of forgiveness; it is our way of passing on our experience of the Word of Life by translating it into words of love.
REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNICATION
Frederick Williams, in his book THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION, observes that we’re living in an age in which communication has been radically altered. There’s no turning back; no way to time-warp back to leisurely days full of the art of conversation, to past innocence when a promise was all the contract one needed and when no news was good news. Today, whatever our options, we cannot avoid communicating.
The Christian can bring an old solution to the contemporary communication crisis: language rooted in love. Instead of using our words to destroy, like the couple I witnessed in the restaurant, our communication can bring light and truth to the dark world around us. As believers, we can create a counter-revolution with words that are good, that are constructive, that are appropriate and timely, and that bring unearned joy to the hearers. Simply put, the Christian perspective on communication is that because of the Cross, love changes our language.
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Jerry Harvill teaches speech communication at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky.
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