Subordination of One Verb to Another
Subordination of One Verb to Another
§ 82. There are two cases—(a) When the first verb expresses the mode of the action denoted by the second. In this case the second verb expresses the real action, and the first has to be rendered adverbially. Genesis 31:27 נַחְבֵּאתָ
לִבְרֹחַ thou hast fled away secretly; 2 Kings 2:10 הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל thou hast asked a hard thing (lit. done hardly as to asking); Exodus 8:28 לֹא־תַרְחִיקוּ לָלֶכֶת ye shall not go far away; Psalms 55:7. Jeremiah 13:18 הַשְׁפִּילוּ שֵׁבוּ sit down low. 1 Samuel 1:12; 1 Samuel 2:3; 1 Samuel 16:17, 2 Samuel 19:3, 1 Kings 14:9, 2 Kings 21:6, Isaiah 23:16; Isaiah 29:15; Isaiah 55:7, Jeremiah 1:12; Jeremiah 16:12, Hosea 9:9, Amos 4:4, Jonah 4:2, Ezra 10:13, 2 Chronicles 20:35. The consn. is common with שׁוּב, יָסַף to do again, הִרְבָּה, הִגְדִּיל &c.
(b) When the two verbs express distinct ideas. Genesis 11:8 וַיַּחְדְּלוּ לִבְנוֹת הָעִיר and they gave up building the city; 1 Samuel 18:2 וְלֹא נְתָנוֹ לָשׁוּב he did not allow him to return. 1 Samuel 17:39 rd. perhaps וַיֵּלֶא לָלֶכֶת.
§ 83. Modes of connection.—(a) The second verb is subordinated to the first in inf. cons., with, or less commonly without, ל, or still less commonly in infin. ads. See exx. above, and cf. § 90c.
(b) The verbs are co-ordinated in the same tense-form with vav. Genesis 24:18 וַתְּמַהֵר וַתֹּרֶד כַּדָּהּ she hasted to let down her pitcher; 44:11:2 Ki. Genesis 6:3 הוֹאֶל־נָא וְלֵךְ consent to go; Judges 19:6. Genesis 25:1 וַיֹּסֶף אב׳ וַיִּקַּח אִשָּׁה and Abr. took another wife; 1 Kings 19:6 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁכָּב and he lay down again; 2 Kings 1:11, 2 Kings 1:13. Instead of the same tense the equivalent vav conv. form may be used, Hosea 2:9 אָשׁוּב וְלָֽקַחְתִּי I will take back again. Genesis 27:42, 2 Samuel 7:29, 1 Samuel 20:31, Isaiah 6:13, Malachi 1:4, Job 6:9.—Joshua 7:7, Isaiah 1:19, Esther 8:6, Daniel 9:25.
(c) The verbs are co-ordinated without vav, asyndetously. Esp. in imper.; 2 Kings 5:23 הוֹאֵל קַח כִּכָּרַיִם please take two talents; 1 Samuel 3:5 שׁוּב שְׁכַב lie down again; 1 Samuel 3:9, Genesis 19:22, Deuteronomy 2:24. Joshua 5:2, Isaiah 21:12, Jeremiah 13:18, Psalms 51:2. —Impf. Hosea 1:6 לא אוֹסִיף עוֹד אְַרַחֵם I will no more pity; Genesis 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה אֶרְעֶה צֹֽאנְךָ I will keep thy flock again; 1 Samuel 2:3 אַל־תַּרְבּוּ תְדַבְּרוּ speak not always. Micah 7:19, Lamentations 4:14, Psalms 50:20; Psalms 88:11; Psalms 102:14, Job 10:16; Job 19:3; Job 24:14. Or with equivalent vav conv., Isaiah 29:4 וְשָׁפַלְתְּ מֵאֶרֶץ תְּדַבֵּרִי thou shalt speak low out of the ground (1 Samuel 20:19 rd. וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּֽ תִפָּקֵד shalt be greatly missed a third time, cf. (1 Samuel 20:18).—Perf. Psalms 106:13 מִֽהְַרוּ שָֽׁכְחוּ speedily they forgot. Hosea 5:11; Hosea 9:9, Zephaniah 3:7, Zechariah 8:15.—Ptcp. Hosea 6:4; Hosea 13:3.—The vigorous אְַכָלַנִי... הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40 reminds of Ar. kuntu... ya'kuluni;—more usually with inchoative pendens, as Genesis 24:27. § 106.
Rem. 1. The second verb is occasionally subordinated in impf., Isaiah 42:21 י׳ חָפֵץ לְמַעַן צִדְקוֹ יַגְדִּיל Je. was pleased to make great; Job 32:22 לֹא יָדַעְתִּי אְַכַנֶּה I am not good at flattering; Isaiah 47:1 לֹא תוֹסִיפִי יִקְרְאוּ לָךְ thou shalt no more be called. Leviticus 9:6, Numbers 22:6, Lamentations 1:10. The consn. is more common in Syr., Noeld. § 267.
Rem. 2. In a few instances the ptcp. or an adj. is subordinated (acc.). Isaiah 33:1 כַּֽהְַתִֽימְךָ שׁוֹדֵד when thou art done destroying; 1 Samuel 3:2 וְעֵינָו הֵחֵלּוּ כֵהוֹת his eyes had begun to be dim. 1 Samuel 16:16, Hosea 7:4, Jeremiah 22:30, Nehemiah 10:28. So probably a noun, Genesis 9:20, N. began (as) a husbandman (acc.). The consn., and N., the husbandman, began and planted (was the first to plant, or, planted for the first time, Genesis 10:8, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 22:15), is rather unnatural, though cf. the appos. Genesis 37:2. In this sense "begin" is usually followed by inf., but cf. Ezra 3:8.—"One of them" says—
"Or (nae reflection on your lear),
Ye may commence a shaver," &c.
Rem. 3. The asyndetous consn. § 83c is very common in Syr., Noeld. § 337. In Ar. the older and classical consn. was with fa, and, Wr. ii. § 140; de Lag. Uebersicht, p. 209 seq., does not alter this fact.
Rem. 4. Such words as לֵךְ, לְכָה come, קוּם arise, are used almost as interjections though construed regularly, Isaiah 22:15 לֶךְ־בֹּא, 1 Kings 1:13 לְכִי וּבֹאִי,, 1 Kings 1:13, Genesis 19:15, 1 Samuel 9:5. The mas. לְכָה is even used to a woman, Genesis 19:32. Both verbs often merely confer liveliness on the real action, Hosea 5:15; Hosea 6:1, Genesis 19:35, Psalms 88:10. Some fixed compound phrases express only a single idea, as וַיַּען וַיֹּאמֶר answered and said, וַתַּהַר וַתֵּלֶד conceived and bore = she bore, Genesis 21:2. Text 1 Samuel 1:20 is probably quite right. Comp. 1 Chronicles 4:17 where ותהר alone is used for the whole phrase.
Rem. 5. In some instances the modifying verb stands second, Jeremiah 4:5 קִרְאוּ מַלְאוּ cry with full voice, cf. Jeremiah 12:6 קָֽרְאוּ מָלֵא Isaiah 53:11, Joel 2:26.