δέ (related to δή, as μέν to μήν, ef. Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2 p. 355), a particle adversative, distinctive, disjunctive, but, moreover, (W.§ 53, 7 and 10, 2); it is much more freq. in the historical parts of the N. T. than in the other books, very rare in the Epp. of John and the Apocalypse. {On its general neglect of elision (when the next word begins with a vowel) cf. Tdf. Proleg. p. 96; WH. App. Ῥ 146; W.§5,1a.; B. p.10sq.] It is used ἘΠ ΟἹ δὲ univ. by way of opposition and distinction; it is added to statements opp. to a preceding statement: ἐὰν yap ἀφῆτε... ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀφῆτε, Mt. vi. 14 sq.; ἐὰν de ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς κτλ. Mt. vi. 23; ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι, Mk. ii. 20; it opposes persons to persons or things previously mentioned or thought of, —either with strong emphasis: ἐγὼ δέ, Mt. v. 22, 28, 32, 34, 39,44; ἡμεῖς de, 1 Co. i. 23; 2 Co. x. 13; σὺ δέ, Mt. vi. 6; ὑμεῖς δέ, Mk. viii. 29; of δὲ viol τῆς βασιλείας, Mt. viii. 12; ai ἀλώπεκες .. τοῦ avOp. Mt. viii. 20; Lk. ix. 58; πᾶς ὁ dads... οἱ δὲ Φαρισαῖοι, Lk. vii. 29 sq.; 6 δὲ πνευματικός, 1 Co. ii. 15, and often; — or with a slight discrimination, ὁ δέ, αὐτὸς δέ: Mk. 1.45; v. 84; vi. 37; vii.6; Mt. xiii. 29, 37,52; xv. 23 sqq-; Lk. iv. 40,43; v. 16; vi. 8; viii. 10,54; xv. 29; οἱ δέ, Mt. ii. 5; Mk. iii. 4; viii. 28, etc., ete.; with the addition also of a prop. name, as ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς : Mt. viii. 22 [Tdf. om. 7I.]; ix. 12 [RG Trbr.], 22 [Tdf. om. Ἰ.1; xiii. 57; Mk.i.41[RGLmrg. Tr mrg.]; ἀποκρ. δὲ (6) Σίμων, Lk. vii. 48 RG Lbr.; ἡ δὲ Μαρία, Lk. ii. 19, ete. 2. pev... δέ, 566 μέν. 3. after negative sentences, but, but rather (Germ. wohl aber): Mt. vi. 19 sq. (μὴ θησαυρίζετε . . . θησαυρίζετε δέ); x. 5sq.; Acts xii. 9, 14; lo. iii. 4; iv. 5; 1 Co.i. 10; vii. 37; 1 Th. v. 21 [mot Rec.]; Eph. iv. 14 sq.; Heb. ii. 5 sq.; iv. 13, 15; ix. 12; x. 26 sq.; xii. 13; 1 Pet. i. 12 (οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς ὑμῖν [Ree. ἡμ.] δέ) ; Jas. i. 13 501} ii. 11. 4. it is joined to terms which are repeated with a certain emphasis, and with such additions as tend to explain and establish them more exactly; in this use of the particle we may supply a suppressed negative clause [and give its force in Eng. by inserting / say, and that, so then, etc.]: Ro. iii. 21 sq. (not that common δικαιοσύνη which the Jews boast of and strive after, but δικαιοσ. διὰ πίστεως) ; Ro. ix. 30; 1 Co. ii. 6 (σοφίαν δὲ οὐ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου) ; Gal. ii. 2 (I went up, not of my own accord, but ete.); Phil. ii. 8; ef. A/otz ad Dev. ii. 2 p. 361 sq.; L. Dindorf in Steph. Thes. ii. col. 928 ; [ef. W. 443 (412}1. 5. it serves to mark a transition to something new (δέ metabatic) ; by this use of the particle, the new addition is distinguished from and, as it were, opposed to what goes before: Mt. i. 183; 11. 19; x. 21; Lk. xii. 13; xiii. 1; Jn. vii. 14,37; Actsvi. 1; Ro. viii. 28; 1 Co. vii. 1; viii. 1, ete., ete. ; so also in the phrase ἐγένετο δέ, see γίνομαι, 2 c. 6. it introduces explanations and separates them from the things to be explained : Jn. iii. 19; vi. 39; 1 Co. i. 12; vii. 6, 29; Eph. ν. 32, ete. ; — esp. remarks and explanations intercalated into the discourse, or added, as it were, by way of appendix: Mk. v. 13 (ἦσαν δέ ete. R Lbr.) ; xv. 25; xvi. 8[ RG]; Jn. vi. 10; Owing . ὁ δὲ υἱὸς ix. 14; xii. 3; τοῦτο δὲ γέγονε, Mt. i. 22; xxi. 4. to this use, the particle not infrequently came to be confounded in the Mss. (of prof. writ. also) with yap; ef. Winer on Gal. i. 11; Fritzsche on Mk. xiv. 2; also his Com. on Rom. vol. i. pp. 284, 265; ii. p. 476; iii. p. 196; [W. 452 (421); B. 363 (312)). 7. after a parenthesis or an explanation which had led away from the subject under discussion, it serves to take up the discourse again [οἵ. W. 443 (412)]: Mt. iii.4; Lk. iv. 1; Ro. v. 8; 2 Co. ii. 12; v. 8; x. 2; Eph. ii. 4; ef. Klotz ad Devar. δέησις 1 ii. 2 p. 376 sq. 8. it introduces the apodosis and, as it were, opposes it to the protasis: Acts xi.17 RG (1 Mace. xiv. 29; 2 Mace. i. 34); after a participial construction which has the force of a protasis : Col. i. 22 (21); cf. Matthiae ii. 1470; Kiihner ii. 818; LJelf $770]; Klotz τ. 5. p. 370 sq.; [B. 364 (312)]. 9. kat... δέ, but... also, yea and, moreover also : Mt. x. 18; xvi. 18; Lk. ii. 35 [WH txt.om. L Tr br. δέ] ; Jn. vi. 51; xv. 27; Acts iil. 24; xxii. 29; Ro. xi. 23; 2 Tim. 111. 12; 1Jn.i.3; 2 Pet. 1. 5; cf. Klotz u.s. p. 645 sq.; B. 364 (312); [also W. 443 (413); Ellic. on 1 Tim. iii. 10; Mey. on Jn. vi. 511]. καὶ ἐὰν δέ yea even if: In. viii. 16. 10. δέ never stands as the first word in the sentence, but generally second ; and when the words to which it is added cannot be separated, it stands third (as in Mt. x. 11; xviii. 25; Mk. iv. 34; Lk. x. 31; Acts xvii. 6; xxviii. 6; Gal. iii. 23; 2 Tim. iii. 8, ete.; in οὐ μόνον δέ, Ro. v. 3, 11, ete.), or even in the fourth place, Mt. x. 18; Jn. vi. 51; viii. 16 sq.; 1 Jn. 1. 3; 1 Co. iv. 18; [Lk. xxii. 69 LT Tr WH].

δέ de 2x

a conjunctive particle, marking the superaddition of a clause, whether in opposition or in continuation, to what has preceded, and it may be variously rendered but, on the other hand, and, also, now, etc.; καὶ δέ, when there is a special superaddition in continuation, too, yea, etc. It sometimes is found at the commencement of the apodosis of a sentence, Acts 11:17. It serves also to mark the resumption of an interrupted discourse, 2 Cor. 2:10; Gal. 2:6

δέ (before vowels δ’; on the general neglect of the elision in NT, v. WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., 96), post-positive conjunctive particle;

copulative, but, in the next place, and, now (Abbott, JG, 104): Mt 1:2ff., II Co 6:15, 16, II Pe 1:5-7; in repetition for emphasis, Ro 3:21, 22, 9:30, I Co 2:6, Ga 2:2, Phl 2:8; in transition to something new, Mt 1:18 2:19, Lk 13:1, Jo 7:14, Ac 6:1, Ro 8:28, I Co 7:1 8:1, al.; in explanatory parenthesis or addition, Jo 3:19, Ro 5:8, I Co 1:12, Eph 2:4 5:32, al.; ὡς δέ, Jo 2:9; καὶ . . . δέ, but also, Mt 10:18, Lk 1:76, Jo 6:51, Ro 11:23, al.; καὶ ἐὰν δέ, yea even if, Jo 8:16.

Adversative, but, on the other hand, prop., answering to a foregoing μέν (q.v.), and distinguishing a word or clause from one preceding (in NT most freq. without μέν; Bl., §77, 12): ἐὰν δέ, Mt 6:14, 23, al.; ἐγὼ (σὺ, etc.) δέ, Mt 5:22 6:6, Mk 8:29, al.; ὁ δέ, αὐτὸς δέ, Mk 1:45, Lk 4:40, al.; after a negation, Mt 6:19, 20, Ro 3:4, I Th 5:21, al.

δεῖ. For the conjunctive, as in Mt 26%, cf. P Fay 109° (early i/A.D.) ἐάν σε δῇ (for δέῃ) τὸ εἱμάτιόν σου θεῖναι ἐνέχυρον. “even if you have to pawn your cloak” (Edd.). In P Tebt I. 585° (B.c. 111) we have ἐάν followed by the indicative— ἐὰν δεῖ σε συνπεσεῖν τῶι ᾿Ανικήτωι, σύνπεσαι, ‘if you must meet Anicetus, meet him” (Edd.): cf. Mayser G7. p. 325. Other examples of the verb are l’ Par 461® (B.C. 153) διὸ Kal ἡγούμενος δεῖν ἐπ᾿ ἄλλου μὲν μηθενὸς αὐτῶι διακριθῆναι» P Lille I. 267 (iii.B.c.) περὶ (corr. from πεερὶ) δὲ τούτου τοῦ μέρους δεήσει ἐπισχεῖν, P Tebt 11. 3414 (A.p. 140-1) δεήσι ἐπισταλῆναι εἰς δάνε[ι]α σπέρματα κατασπίο]ρᾶς KTA., “ΕἼ will be necessary to send on account of loans of seedcorn for the sowing,” etc., AécheZ 1001" © (Theran Doric —c. B.C. 200) no one may bring forward a proposal ὡς δεείσῃ διαλῦσαι τὸ κοινὸν εἰ τὰς θυσίας, P Flor II. 133" (A.D. 257) ἔδι μὲν ὑμᾶς μηδὲ ὑπομνήσεως χρήζειν, “you oughtn’t even to have needed a reminder,’ P Oxy X. 1203}Ὁ Ὁ: (A.D. 117-38) ἔδει αὐτῶι διδώναι oot (?/. ὅτι) οὐκ ἔστ᾽ αὐτὸς Σαρᾶς, ἀλλὰ ἄλλος ξένος ἐστὶν οὗ δεῖ με πισθῆναι ὡς ἐσχήκατε, ‘you ought to have given him a letter, because it is not S. but another stranger whose word I have to take that you have received it”’ (Edd.). See also s.v. δέον.

δέ (de) — then. δέ, but: adversative and copulative Particle,

I. answering to μέν (which see), τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II. without preceding μέν,

II.1. adversative, expressing distinct opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ᾽ ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ᾽ οὔτε τί πω εἶπας[Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose, οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. copulative,

II.2. a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν (ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) [Refs 8th c.BC+]: when a substantive is followed by words in apposition, Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ. διπλᾶδ᾽ ὁρᾶν [Refs]

II.2. b in enumerations or transitions, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; with repetition of a word in different relations, ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν.., θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in rhetorical outbursts, οὐκ ἂν εὐθέως εἴποιεν· τὸν δὲ βάσκανον, τὸν δὲ ὄλεθρον, τοῦτον δὲ ὑβρίζειν,—ἀναπνεῖν δέ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; in a climax, πᾶν γύναιον καὶ παιδίον καὶ θηρίον δέ nay even beast, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in the combination καὶ δέ [Refs 8th c.BC+]

II.2. c answering to τε (which see), ἃ τῶν τε ἀποβαινόντων ἕνεκα ἄξια κεκτῆσθαι, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτὰ αὑτῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. implying causal connexion, less direct than γάρ, [Refs 8th c.BC+]

II.4. in questions, with implied opposition, ἑόρακας δ᾽, ἔφη, τὴν γυναῖκ; [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.4. b τί δ; what then? to mark a transition in dialogue; see at {τίς}.

II. in apodosi:

II.1. after hypothetical clauses, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]

II.1. b after temporal or relative clauses, with ἐπεί, ἕως, etc., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; with demonstrative Pronouns or adverbs answering to a preceding relative, οἵηπερ φύλλων γενεή, τοίη δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+]: sometimes after a participle, οἰόμενοι.. τιμῆς τεύξεσθαι, ἀντὶ δὲ τούτων οὐδ᾽ ὅμοιοι.. ἐσόμεθα [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. to resume after an interruption or parenthesis, χρόνου δὲ ἐπιγινομένου καὶ κατεστραμμένων σχεδὸν πάντων..,—κατεστραμμένων δὲ τούτων.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; with an anacoluthon, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἄρα,—οἷ ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ.. τῇ ἐμῇ ψυχῇ ἰτέον, αὕτη δὲ δή.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. to begin a story, ἦμος δ᾽ ἠέλιος.. well, when the sun.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]

II.4. to introduce a proof, τεκμήριον δέ, σημεῖον δέ, (see entry). __B POSITION of δέ. It usually stands second: hence frequently between Article and substantive or preposition and case; but also after substantive, or words forming a connected notion, hence it may stand third, γυναῖκα πιστὴν δ᾽ ἐν δόμοις εὕροι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose after a negative, οὐχ ὑπ᾽ ἐραστοῦ δέ, to avoid confusion between οὐ δέ and οὐδέ, [Refs 5th c.BC+]