αὐτός, -7, -d, pron. (“derived from the particle αὖ with the added force of a demonstrative pronoun. In itself it signifies nothing more than again, applied to what has either been previously mentioned or, when the whole discourse is looked at, must necessarily be .upplied.” Klotz ad Devar. ii. p. 219; [see Vaniéek p. 268]). It is used by the bibl. writ. both of the O. T. and of the N. T. far more frequently than the other pronouns; and in this very frequent and almost inordinate use of it, they deviate greatly from prof. auth.; cf. B. § 127, 9. [On classic usage ef. Hermann, Opusce. i. 308 sqq., of which dissertation a summary is given in his edition of Viger pp- 732-736.] I. self, as used (in all persons, genders, numbers) to distinguish a person or thing from or contrast it with another, or to give him (it) emphatic prominence. ik When used to express Opposition or Distinction, it is added a. to the subjects implied in the verb, the personal pronouns ἐγώ, ἡμεῖς, σύ, etc., being omitted: Lk. v. 37 (αὐτὸς ἐκχυθήσεται the wine, as opp. to the skins) ; LK. xxii. 71 (αὐτοὶ yap ἠκούσαμεν we ourselves, opp. to witnesses whose testimony could have been taken); Jn. li. 25 (αὐτὸς ἐγίνωσκεν. opp. to testimony he might have called for); Jn. iv. 42 (we ourselves, not thou only) ; Jn. ix. 21 [T Tr WH om.]; Acts xviii. 15 (ὄψεσθε αὐτοί) ; xx. 34; xxii. 19; 1 Th.i. 9, etc.; with a negative added, ‘he does not himself do this or that,’ i. e. he leaves it to others: Lk. vi. 42 (αὐτός, viz. thou, οὐ BAérav); LK. xi. 46 (αὐτοί. viz. ye, ov mpoowavere), 52; Jn. xviii. 28; 3 > 7+ auTos Jn. 10. With the addition of καί to indicate that a thing is ascribed to one equally with others: Lk. xiv. 12 (μήποτε καὶ αὐτοί σε ἀντικαλέσωσι) ; XVi. 28; Acts ii. 22 [α 1,7 Τὰ ΜῊ οῃι. καί]; Jn. iv. 45; xvii. 19,21: Phil. ii. 24, etc. In other pass. καὶ αὐτός is added to a subject expressly mentioned, and is placed after it ; and in translation may be joined to the predicate and rendered likewise: Lk. i. 36 (ἡ συγγενής σου καὶ αὐτὴ συνειληφυῖα υἱόν tly kinswoman herself also, i. e. as well as thou); Mt. xxvii. 57 (ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμαθήτευσε [LT Tr WH txt. -τεύθη] τῷ Ἰησοῦν); Lk. xxiii. 51 [RG]; Mk. xv. 43; Acts viii. 13 (ὁ δὲ Σίμων καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπίστευσε) ; XV. 32; xxi. 245 1 Jn. ii. 6; Gal. ii. 17; Heb. xiii. 8. b. it is added to subjects expressed, whether to pronouns personal or demonstrative, or to nouns proper or common: Jn. iii. 28 (αὐτοὶ ὑμεῖς ye yourselves bear witness, not only have I affirmed), Acts xx. 30 (ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν from among your own selves, not only from other quarters) ; Ro. xv. 14 (καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγώ I of myself also, not only assured by report, cf. i. 8); 1 Co. v. 13 (ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν from your own society, opp. to them that are without, of whose character God must be the judge) ; 1 Co. vii. 35; xi. 13; 1 Th. iv. 9; αὐτοὶ οὗτοι, Acts xxiv. 20; αὐτοῦ τούτου (mase.), Acts xxv. 25; Ἰησοῦς αὐτός Jesus himself, personally, opp. to those who baptized by his command, Jn. iv. 2; αὐτὸς Ἰησοῦς, opp. to those who believed on him on account of his miracles, Jn. ii. 24; Jesus himself, not others only, Jn. iv. 44; air. Δαυείδ, opp. to the doctors of the law, whose decision did not seem quite to agree with the words of David, Mk. xii. 36 sq.; Lk. xx. 42; αὐτὸς ὁ Σατανᾶς, opp. to his ministers, 2 Co. xi. 14; αὐτὸς ὁ θεός, God himself, not another, Rev. xxi. 3; αὐτὰ τὰ ἐπουράνια, the heavenly things themselves [1. e. sanctuary ], opp. to its copies, Heb. ix. 23 [see ἐπουράνιος, 1 6.1. c. it is used to distinguish one not only from his companions, disciples, servants, — as Mk. ii. 25 (αὐτὸς καὶ of μετ᾽ avrod) ; Jn. ii. 12; iv. 53; xviii. 1,— but also from things done by him or belonging to him, as Jn. vii. 4 (ri ποιεῖ καὶ ζητεῖ αὐτός [L Tr mrg. WH mrg. airo)) ; 1 Co. iii. 15 (τινὸς τὸ ἔργον κατακαήσεται. αὐτὸς δὲ σωθήσεται) : Lk. xxiv. 15 (αὐτὸς (6) Ἰησοῦς, Jesus himself in person, opp. to their previous conversation about him). ἃ. self to the exclusion of others, i. e. he etc. alone, by one’s self: Mk. vi. 31 (ὑμεῖς αὐτοί ye alone, unattended by any of the people; ef. Fritzsche ad loc.) ; Jn. xiv. 11 (διὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτά [WH mrg. αὐτοῦ); Ro. vii. 25 (αὐτὸς ἐγώ I alone, unaided by the Spirit of Christ; ef. viii. 2); 2 Co. xii. 13 (αὐτὸς ἐγώ, unlike the other preachers of the gospel) ; Rev. xix. 12; ef. Herm. ad Vig. p. 733 iii.; Matth. § 467, 5; Kiihner § 468 Anm. 2; [Jelf § 656, 3]; with the addition of μόνος (as often in Attic writ.): Jn. vi. 15. 6. self, not prompted or influenced by another, i. e. of one’s self, of one’s own accord: Jn. xvi. 27 (so even Hom. I]. 17, 254; and among Attic writ. esp. Xen.). 2. When it gives Prominence, it answers a. to our emphatic he, she, it: Mt. i. 21 (αὐτὸς σώσει HE and noother); Mt. v. 4-10 (αὐτοῦ) : vi. 4 [RG]; xvii. 5 (αὐτοῦ deovere); LK. vi. 35; xvii. 16 ; xxiv. 21; Jn. ix. 21 (αὐτὸς [T Tr WH om.]... αὐτὸν .. . αὐτός); Acts x. 42[L txt. Tr txt. WH otros]; Gal. iv. 17 (αὐτούς) ; Eph. ii. 10 (αὐτοῦ) ; Col.i. 17; 1 Jn. ii. 2; iv. 5; Jas.ii.6sq. So in Grk. writ. also fr. Hom. down; cf. Herm. ad Vig. p. 734 ν. It is used with the same force after relative sentences, where Greek prose uses οὗτος : Mt. xii. 50 (ὅστις ἂν ποιήσῃ - . . , αὐτός pov ἀδελφός ἐστιν, where in ΜΚ. iii. 35 οὗτος) ; Mt. xxvi. 48 ; Mk. xiv. 44; cf. B. 107 (94) sq. Less emphatically, αὐτός is put before subjects, serving to recall them again: Mt. iii. 4 (αὐτὸς δὲ "Iwdvyns now he, whom I spoke of, John) ; Mk. Vi. 17 (αὐτὸς yap Ἡρώδης) ; Ro. viii. 16 (αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα). b. it points out some one as chief, leader, master of the rest (often so in Grk., as in the well-known phrase of the Pythagoreans αὐτὸς ἔφα [ef. W. § 22, 3,4 and p. 150 (142)]): of Christ, Mt. viii. 24; Mk. iv. 38; vi. 47; viii. 29; Lk. v.16 sq.; ix. 51; x. 38; of God, Lk. vi. 35; Heb. xiii. 5; 1 Jn. iv. 19 [not Lehm.]. ο. it answers to our very, just, exactly, (Germ. eben, gerade): Ro. ix. 3 (αὐτὸς ἐγώ I myself, the very man who seems to be inimical to the Israelites); 2 Co. x. 1 (I myself, who bore myself lowly in your presence, as ye said); αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα. Jn. v. 36; often in Luke ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ or ὥρᾳ, αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ, in that very day, hour, season: Lk. ii. 38; x. 21; χ 12; xiii. 1, 831; xx. 19; xxiii. 12; xxiv. 13, 33; Acts xvi. 18. In the writings of Paul αὐτὸ τοῦτο this very thing: Gal. ii. 10; 2 Co. vii. 11; Phil. i. 6; εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very purpose, on this very account: Ro. ix. 17; xiii. 6; 2 Co. v. 5; Eph. vi. 22; Col. iv. 8; and in the same sense [for this very thing] the simple accus. (as in Attic, ef. Matth. § 470, 7; Kiihner ii. 267 Anm. 6; W. § 21 N. 2) τοῦτο αὐτό, 2 Co. ii. 3 [but see Mey. ad loe.], and αὐτὸ τοῦτο, 2 Pet. i. 5 [Lchm. reads here αὐτοί]. ἃ. even, Lat. vel, adeo, (in Hom. ; cf. Herm. ad Vig. p. 733 ii.) : καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ κτίσις, Ro. viii. 21; οὐδὲ ἡ φύσις αὐτή, 1 Co. xi. 14; καὶ [Tr om. L WH br. καὶ] αὐτὸς 6 υἱός, 1 Co. xv. 28; καὶ αὐτὴ Σάρρα even Sarah herself, although a feeble old woman, Heb. xi. 11 [yet WH mrg. reads the dat. αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ; see καταβολή, 1]. II. αὐτός has the force of a simple personal pronoun of the third person, answering to our unemphatic ἦε, she, it; and that 1. as in classic Grk., in the oblique cases, him, her, it, them, etc.: numberless instances, — as in the gen. absolute, 6. g. αὐτοῦ ἐλθόντος, λαλήσαντος, etc.; or in the ace. with inf., εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους, Ro. i. 20; or after prepositions, ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἐν αὐτῷ, ete.; or where it indicates the possessor, 6 πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ; or a person as the (dir. or indir.) object of an active verb, as ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ, Mt. vii. 9; ἀσπάσασθε αὐτήν, Mt. x. 12; ἀφεὶς αὐτούς, Mt. xxvi. 44; ἦν διανεύων αὐτοῖς, Lk. i. 22; οὐκ εἴα αὐτὰ λαλεῖν, Lk. iv. 41; ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβε, Jn.i.5. But see αὑτοῦ below. 2. Contrary to Grk. usage, in the N. T. even in the Nominative it is put for a simple personal pronoun of the third person, where the Greeks say οὗτος or ὁ δέ, or use no pronoun at all. This has been convincingly shown by B. 107 (93) 866: ; and yet some of the examples adduced by him are not decisive, but either must be or can be referred to the usage illustrated under I. 1;—those in which αὐτός is used of Christ, apparently to 1. 1 Ὁ. But, in my opinion, the question is settled even by the following: αὐτός, Mt. xiv. 2; Mk. xiv. 15; Lk. i. 22; xv. 14; so too in the Sept. (cf. Thiersch, De Pentat. vers. Alex. p. 98); Sir. xlix. 7; Tob. vi. 11; αὐτοί, Mk. ii. 8 (οὕτως αὐτοὶ διαλογίζονται in Grsb.); Lk. ix. 36; xiv. 1; xxii. 23; αὐτό, Lk. xi. 14 (Tr mrg. WH om., Tr txt. br.]. Whether αὐτή and αὐταί also are so used, is doubtful; οἵ. B. 109 (95). 3. Sometimes in the oblique cases the pron. is omitted, being evident from the context: Mk. vi. 5 (ἐπιθείς, se. αὐτοῖς) ; Jn. iii. 34 (δίδωσι, sc. αὐτῷ) ; In. x. 29 (δέδωκέ μοι, 80. αὐτούς) ; Acts xiii. 3 (ἀπέλυσαν, sc. αὐτούς); Rev. xviii. 21 (ἔβαλεν, sc. αὐτόν), ete. 4. Not infrequently αὐτός in the oblique cases is added to the verb, although the case belonging to this very verb has preceded: Mt. Vili. 1 (καταβάντι δὲ αὐτῷ [L Tr WH gen. absol.] ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ) ; Mt. iv. 16; v. 40; viii. 23, 28 [RG]; ix. 28; xxv. 29 (ἀπὸ [om. by LT Tr WH] τοῦ μὴ ἔχοντος ... ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ); xxvi. 71 [RG@Lbr.T]; ΜΚ. ν. 2 [RG]; ix. 38 [Β ΟἹ; Jn. xv. 2 (πᾶν κλῆμα... . αἴρει αὐτό); Acts vii. 21 [Β 67; Jas. iv. 17; Rev. ii. 7; vi. 4 [LTr mrg. br.]; ef. W. § 22,4 a.; B. 142 (125). Doubtless the writer, while writing the earlier words with the intention of joining them to the leading verb to follow, marked off these very words as a clause by themselves, as if they formed a protasis; and so, when he came to the leading verb, he construed it just as though it were to form an apodosis. 5. By a Hebraism αὐτός is used redundantly in relative sentences: ἧς εἶχε τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς, Mk. vii. 25 ; οὗ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ, 1 Pet. ii. 24 (RG T, but Tr mrg. br. αὐτοῦ) ; esp. in the Apocalypse: ἣν οὐδεὶς δύναται κλεῖσαι αὐτήν, Rev. iii. 8 (ace. to the true text); οἷς ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς, Rev. vii. 2; add vs. 9; xiii. 12; xvii. 9; far oftener in the Sept.; rare in Grk. writ. [fr. Callim. ep. 44]; ef. Herm. ad Vig. p. 709; [B. § 143, 1]; W. § 22,4 b. where add to the exx. Hdian. 8, 6, 10 [5 Bekk.] ols ἐπιφοιτῶσι αὐτοῖς τὰς λοιπὰς πόλεις πύλαι ἀνοίγνυντο. But to this construction must not be referred Mt. iii. 12 οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ, nor 1 Pet. ii. 24 ὃς τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν. For in the latter passage αὐτός is in contrast with us, who must otherwise have paid the penalty of our sins; and in the former the sense is, ‘he holds his winnowing-shovel in his hand.’ 6. Very often αὐτός is used rather laxly, where the subject or the object to which it must be referred is not expressly indicated, but must be gathered especially from some preceding name of a province or city, or from the context : Mt. iv. 23 (περιῆγεν τὴν Γαλιλαίαν διδάσκων ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν, i. 6. of the Galileans); Acts viii. 5 (Σαμαρείας ἐκήρυσσεν αὐτοῖς. i. 6. τοῖς Σαμαρείταις) ; Xx. 2 (αὐτούς. i. 6. the inhabitants τῶν μερῶν ἐκείνων) ; 2 Co. ii. 13 (αὐτοῖς. i.e. the Christians of Troas); Mt. xix. 2 (ὄχλοι πολλοὶ καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτούς. i.e. their sick); 1 Pet. iii. 14 (φόβον αὐτῶν. i. 6. of those who may be able κακῶσαι you, vs. 13); Lk. xxiii. 51 (τῇ βουλῇ αὐτῶν, i. 6. of those with whom he had been a βουλευτής) ; Heb. viii. 8 (αὐτοῖς ([L T WH Tr mrg. αὐτούς : see μέμφομαι] i. 6. τοῖς Exovee τὴν διαθήκην τὴν πρώτην) ; Lk. ii. 22 (τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ αὐτῶν, of the purification prescribed by the law of Moses to women in child-bed); Jn. viii. 44 (ψεύστης ἐστὶν καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ, i. 6. of the liar; cf. Baumg.-Crusius and Meyer ad loc.). By this rather careless use of the pronoun it came about that at length αὐτοί alone might be used for ἄνθρωποι: Mt. viii. 4; Mk. i. 44; Lk. v. 14, 17 [here T WH Tr mrg. αὐτόν]; cf. W. § 22, 3; B. § 127, 8. 7. Sometimes, in relative sentences consisting of several members, the second member is not joined to the first by the relative és, but by a loose connection proceeds with καὶ αὐτός ; as, Lk. xvii. 31; Acts iii. 13 (ὃν ὑμεῖς παρεδώκατε καὶ ἠρνήσασθε αὐτόν [1, T WH om. Tr br. αὐτόν]) ; 1 Co. viii. 6 (ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς αὐτόν, for καὶ els ὃν ἡμεῖς) ; 2 Pet. ii. 3. This is the usage likewise of Greek as well as of Hebrew; cf. W. 149 (141); [B. 283 (243)]; Buhdy. p. 304. III. ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, with the article, the same ; 1. without a noun: 6 αὐτός, immutable, Heb. i. 12; xiii. 8, (Thue. 2, 61); τὸ αὐτό: --- ποιεῖν, Mt. v. 46 [ἢ GT WH txt., 47 L T Tr WH]; LK. vi. 33; λέγειν, to profess the same opinion, 1 Co. i. 10; ὀνειδίζειν, not in the same manner but reproached him with the same, cast on him the same reproach, Mt. xxvii. 44, (ὀνειδίζειν τοιαῦτα, Soph. Oed. Col. 1002). τὰ αὐτά: Acts xv. 27; Ro. ii. 1; Eph. vi. 9. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό [Rec

αὐτός autos 5x

self, very; alone, Mk. 6:31; 2 Cor. 12:13; of one’s self, of one’s own motion, Jn. 16:27; used also in the oblique cases independently as a personal pron. of the third person; ὁ αὐτός, the same; unchangeable, Heb. 1:12; κατὰ τὸ αὐτό, at the same time, together, Acts 14:1; ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό, in one and the same place, Mt. 22:34; at the same time, together, Acts 3:1

αὐτός, -ή, -ό, determinative pron., in late Gk. much more freq. than in cl. (WM, 178 f.; Jannaris, HGG, §1399). Emphatic (so always in nom. exc. when preceded by the art., v. infr., iii); self (ipse), expressing opposition, distinction, exclusion, etc., αὐ. ἐκχυθήσεται, Lk 5:37; αὐ. ἐγινώσκεν, Jo 2:25; αὐ. ὑμεῖς, Jo 3:28; καὶ αὐ. ἐγώ, Ro 15:14; αὐ. Ἰησοῦς, Jo 2:24; αὐ. καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ, Mk 2:25; ὑμεῖς αὐ., Mk 6:31; esp. (as freq in cl.) αὐ. ὁ, Mt 3:4, Mk 6:17, Jo 16:27, I Th 3:11, al.; in late Gk., sometimes weakened, ἐν αὐτῇ τ. ὥρᾳ, in that hour, Lk 10:21 (M, Pr., 91; MM, s.v.);

emphatic, he, she, it (M, Pr., 86; Bl., § 48, 1, 2, 7), Mt 1:21 12:50, Lk 6:35, al.; pointing to some one as master (cl.), Mt 8:24, Mk 4:38, al.; αὐ., καὶ αὐ. = οὗτος, ὁ δε (Bl., § 48, 1), Mt 14:2, Mk 14:15, 44, Lk 1:22 2:28, al.

In oblique cases (cl.), for the simple pron. of 3rd pers., he, she, it, Mt 7:9, 10:12, 26:44, al.; with ptcp. in gen. absol., Mt 9:18, Mk 13:1, al. (for irreg. constructions, V. Bl., § 74, 5); pleonastically after the relative (cf. Heb. אֲשֶׁר לֹו; WM, 184 ff.; Bl., § 50, 4; MM, s.v.), Mk 7:25, Re 3:8, 7:2, al.; in constr. ad sensum, without proper subject expressly indicated, Mt 4:23, Ac 8:5, II Co 2:13, al.; gen. αὐτοῦ = ἐκείνου, Ro 11:11, I Th 2:19, Tit 3:5, He 2:4.

ὁ, ἡ, τὸ αὐ., the same: He 1:12, 13:8; τὸ αὐ., ποιεῖν, Mt 5:46, 47, al.; φρονεῖν, Ro 12:16 15:5, Phl 2:2, al.; τὰ αὐ., Ac 15:27, Ro 2:1, al.; κατὰ τὸ (τὰ) αὐ. (MM, s.v.), Ac 14:1, Lk 6:23, al.; ἐπὶ τὸ αὐ., together (MM, s.v.), Mt 22:34, Ac 1:15, al.; ἓν κ. τὸ αὐ., I Co 11:5, 12:11; c. dat. (cl.), I Co 11:5; with a noun, λόγος, Mk 14:39; μέτρος, Phl 1:30; πνεῦμα, I Co 12:4.

αὐτός. The weakening of the old distinction between αὐτὸς 6 and ὁ αὐτός, especially in Luke, is noted in Proleg. p. 91, and paralleled from Hellenistic. We may add (cf. Linleitung p. 145f.) Sy// 8071 (ii/A.D.) αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραις, where Dittenberger remarks ‘‘expectaveris ταῖς αὐταῖς," OG/S 383! (Antiochus of Commagene, i/8.c.) τὴν αὐτήν τε κρίσιν, for which Ditt. desiderates ταύτην τὴν κρίσιν, P Iib I. 30° (B.c. 265) αὐτὸς Ὧρος “the said H.,’’ P Lille I. 238 (B.C, 221) οὗ μ[ισ]θωτὴς Ἡρώδ[ης] ὁ αὐτός “ce méme L.,”’ P Oxy VI. 892% (A.D. 338) τῆς αὐτῆς πόλεως, 26. VIII. 1105 (A.D. 254) τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀμφοδογραμματέως “the said a.’’: all these seem to be practically identical, with αὐτός differing little from ἐκεῖνος. The combination αὐτὸ τοῦτο may be illustrated by P Grenf I. 114 (literary, ii/B.c.) “ for this reason ” (Ed.) as in 2 Pet 1°, P Ryl 11. 77°9 (a.p. 192) καὶ αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἀσφαλίσομαι ‘I will certify these very facts ’’ (Edd.), P Oxy VIII. 111914 (see above) ὑπὲρ Tod μὴ καὶ τὸν vuvel φύλαρχον δοκεῖν ἀγνοεῖν αὐτὰ ταῦτα [... For the phrase ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό = “ together,” as apparently in Lk 17*, see P Tebt I. 1429 (B.c. 114), where the “ total ’’ value of certain property is one talent of οορρετ--ἀξίας ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ χα(λκοῦ) (ταλάντου) ἃ : cf. IT. 3199 (A.D. 248) ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ (ἄρουραι) τε, “a total of 15 arourae,” 226. (ζ: A.D. 190), α΄. This arithmetical use may be applied in Ac 2%, if we may render “‘ was daily heaping up the total of..." Κατὰ τὸ αὐτό with the same meaning, as in Ac 141, may be illustrated from the early marriage contract P Eleph 1° (B.c. 311-10) (=Selections p. 2) εἶναι δὲ ἡμᾶς κατὰ ταὐτό, “and that we should live together.” In P Eleph 2° (B.c. 285-4) κατὰ ταὐτά = ‘‘in the same way,” Vettius Valens, p. 5738, uses τὸ δ᾽ αὐτό to express the same meaning (ὡσαύτως), On the redundant use ot unemphatic αὐτός (in oblique cases) see Proleg. p. 841. We might add that possessive αὐτοῦ (like ἐμοῦ, etc.) becomes emphatic when placed between art. and noun: 6, g. BGU IV. 1098"8 (c, B.c. 17) ἄνευ τῆς αὐτο[Ὁ] γν[ώ]μης, and so 74. 112612 (B.c. 8). On the extent to which αὐτός (in oblique cases again) may have enlarged its functions at the expense of ἑαυτοῦ see next article. In ΜΟΥ it is the personal pronoun ‘‘he” etc., or means ‘‘ this.

αὐτός (autos) — it/s/he. αὐτός (Cretan dialect ἀϝτός [Refs] (also αὐτόν[Refs], reflexive pronoun, self:—in oblique cases used for the personal pronoun, him, her, it:—with Article, ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό (also ταὐτόν), etc., the very one, the same.

I. self, myself, thyself, etc., accusative to the person of the Verb: frequently joined with ἐγώ, σύ, etc. (see. below 10),

I.1. one's true self, the soul, not the body, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; reversely, body, not soul, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; oneself, as opposed to others who are less prominent, as king to subject, [Refs]; man to wife and children, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; warrior to horses, [Refs 8th c.BC+], or to weapons, [Refs]; shepherd to herd, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; seamen to ships, [Refs]: generally, whole to parts,[Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, the Master, as in the [Refs 4th c.BC+] Latin Ipse dixit; so τίς οὗτος..;— Αὐτός, i.e. Socrates, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀναβόησον Αὐτόν[Refs]the Master, [Refs 5th c.BC+] the result will show, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially αὐτὸ δείξει[Refs 5th c.BC+]; of things, the very, ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, i.e. just, exactly under.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς θύραις close by the door, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτὸ τὸ δέον the very thing needed, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτὸ τὸ περίορθρον the point of dawn, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτὰ τὰ ἐναντία the very opposite, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; even, οὔ μοι μέλει ἄλγος οὔτ᾽ αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης[Refs 8th c.BC+] —In these senses αὐτός in Prose either precedes both the _Article_ and substantive, or follows both, e.g. αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός or ὁ υἱὸς αὐτός. The Article is sometimes omitted with proper names, or Nouns denoting individuals, αὐτὸς Μένων[Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.2. of oneself, of one's own accord, ἀλλά τις αὐ. ἴτω[Refs 8th c.BC+]; also, in person, τῶν πραγμάτων ὑμῖν.. αὐτοῖς ἀντιληπτέον[Refs 4th c.BC+]

I.3. by oneself or itself, alone, αὐτός περ ἐών although alone, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδ᾽, i.e. without a mother,[Refs 8th c.BC+]by himself, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν we are by ourselves, i.e. among friends, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτὰ γὰρ ἔστιν ταῦτα these and no others, [Refs 5th c.BC+] himself alone, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αὐτὸς μόνος, see at {μόνος} II; αὐτὸς καθ᾽ αὑτόν, see at {ἑαυτοῦ}.

I.4. in Philosophy, by or in itself, of an abstract concept or idea, δίκαιον αὐτό[Refs 5th c.BC+] is frequently in this sense, attached to Nouns of all genders, οὐκ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην ἐπαινοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς εὐδοκιμήσεις[Refs 5th c.BC+]; more fully, εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος, ἢ ο; [Refs]; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅπερ ἔστιν the ideal, abstract brother, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; less frequently agreeing with the substantive, ἵνα αὐτὴ δικαιοσύνη πρὸς ἀδικίαν αὐτὴν κριθείη[Refs 5th c.BC+]its very self, [Refs]

I.5. in dative with substantive, in one, together, ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σὺν φόρμιγγι he sprang up lyre in hand, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη helmet and all,[Refs 8th c.BC+] men and all, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτοῖσι συμμάχοισι allies and all, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.6. added to ordinal Numbers, e.g. πέμπτος αὐτός himself the fifth, i. e. himself with four others, [NT+5th c.BC+]

I.7. frequently coupled with οὗτος, τοῦτ᾽ αὐτό ἐστι τὸ ζητηθέν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ταῦτα ἥκω αὐτὰ ἵνα.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.8. καὶ αὐτός himself too, [Refs 8th c.BC+]

I.9. repeated in apodosi for emphasis, αὐτὸς ἐπαγγειλάμενος σώσειν.. αὐτὸς ἀπώλεσεν[Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.10. in connexion with the person. pronoun, ἐγὼν αὐτός[Refs 8th c.BC+]; followed by an enclitic pronoun, αὐτόν μιν[Refs 8th c.BC+]

I.10. b with person. pronoun omitted, αὐτός.. ἧσθαι λιλαίομαι, for ἐγὼ αὐτός, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αὐτὸν ἐλέησον, for ἐμὲ αὐτόν,[Refs 8th c.BC+] is simply a strengthened form of ο; and so in Attic dialect, when σὲ αὐτόν, ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ, etc., are read divisim, they are emphatic, not reflexive; in this case αὐτός generally precedes the person. pronoun,[Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.10. c with the reflexive ἑαυτοῦ, αὑτοῦ, etc., to add force and definiteness, αὐτὸς καθ᾽ αὑτοῦ[Refs 4th c.BC+]; αὐτοὶ ὑφ᾽ αὑτῶν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; sometimes between the Article and reflexive pronoun, τοῖς αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ πήμασιν βαρύνεται[Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.10. d αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν with possessive pronoun, πατρὸς κλέος ἠδ᾽ ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ[Refs 8th c.BC+]; τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ[Refs 8th c.BC+]

I.10. e αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ with comparative and superlative adjective, αὐτὸς ἑωυτοῦ ῥέει πολλῷ ὑποδεέστερος[Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.11. αὐτός for ὁ αὐτός, the same, [Refs 8th c.BC+], and in later Prose, αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραις[NT+2nd c.AD+]

I.12. comparative αὐτότερος[Refs 5th c.BC+]: superlative αὐτότατος his very self, [Refs 5th c.BC+]. adverb, comparative αὐτοτέρως[Refs 2nd c.AD+]

II. he, she, it, for the simple pronoun of 3 person, only in oblique cases (except in later Gk., [NT], and rarely first in a sentence, [NT+5th c.BC+]: rare in Epic dialect, [Refs 8th c.BC+], and mostly emphatic,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; so in Trag., [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose, to recall a Noun used earlier in the sentence, ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν βασιλέα.. οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ αὐτὸν ὀμόσαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]; after a Relative, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται.. ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ[Refs 8th c.BC+]; especially where a second Verb requires a change of case in the pronoun, οἳ ἂν ἐξελεγχθῶσι.. ὡς προδότας αὐτοὺς ὄντας τιμωρηθῆναι[Refs 5th c.BC+]; later, pleonastically after a Relative, ὧν ὁ μὲν αὐτῶν[NT+5th c.BC+]

III. with Article ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, and Attic dialect contraction αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό and ταὐτόν (as required by the metre,[Refs 5th c.BC+] plural neuter ταὐτ; Ionic dialect ὡυτός, τὠυτό:—the very one, the same, rare in [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with dative, to denote sameness or agreement, especially in Prose, τὠυτὸ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπρήσσομεν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ αὐτὸς τῷ λίθῳ the same as the stone, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ταὐτῷ εἶναί τινι to be in the place with.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; προσίεσθαί τινα ἐς ταὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ to have a person meet one,[Refs 5th c.BC+]face to face, [Refs 4th c.AD+]

III.2. in later Greek, the said, the above-named, Ἡρώδης ὁ αὐ.[Refs 3rd c.BC+]

IV. Adverbial phrases:

IV.1. αὐτὸ μόνον simply, merely, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

IV.2. αὐτό as adverb, ={ἄρτι}, [Refs]

IV.3. αὐτὸ τοῦτο as adverb, [NT+2nd c.BC+]

IV.4. with Preps., ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό added together, making a total, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; κατὰ τὸ αὐτό together, at the same time,[NT], etc.; but κατ᾽ αὐτό just then, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

V. In Compos.:

V.1. of or by oneself, self-.., as in αὐτοδίδακτος, αὐτογνώμων, αὐτόματος: and so, independently, as in αὐτοκράτωρ, αὐτόνομος.

V.2. hence, as a second self, very.., bodily, as with proper names, Αὐτοθαΐς.

V.3. in the abstract, the ideal, see above[Refs]

V.4. precisely, as in αὐτόδεκα.

V.5. rarely with reflexive sense of ἀλλήλων, as in αὐτοκτονέω.

V.6. in one piece with, together with, as in αὐτόκωπος, αὐτοχείλης, αὐτόπρεμνος, αὐτόρριζος.

V.7. by itself: hence, only, as in αὐτόξυλος, αὐτόποκος.—For αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶς, etc., see the respective Arts.