Determination. The Article

Determination. The Article
§ 19. There is no indef. art. in Heb., the noun if indef. remains without change. Job 1:1 ‏אִישׁ הָיָה‎ there was a man. 1 Kings 3:24 ‏קְחוּ־לִי חֶרֶב‎ fetch me a sword.
The predicate naturally is indeterminate and without Art. Genesis 3:1 ‏הַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם‎ the serpent was cunning. Genesis 2:12, Genesis 2:15; Genesis 3:6; Genesis 29:2, 2 Samuel 18:7. The inf. or nomen actionis retains too much of the verbal nature to admit the Art. Occasionally ‏הַדַּעַת‎ the knowing occurs. Genesis 2:9, Jeremiah 22:16. And fem. verbal nouns approach more closely the real noun, and occasionally take Art. Psalms 139:12 ‏כַּֽחֲשֵׁכָה כָּֽאוֹרָה‎ the darkness is as the light.
Rem. 1. The numeral ‏אֶחָד‎ one is sometimes used almost like an indef. art., esp. in later style. Exodus 16:33, 1 Samuel 7:9, 1 Samuel 7:12, 1 Kings 19:4; 1 Kings 22:9, 2 Kings 7:8; 2 Kings 8:6. Or it has the sense of a certain; Judges 9:53; Judges 13:2, 1 Samuel 1:1, 1 Kings 13:11, 2 Kings 4:1. The words ‏אישׁ‎ man, ‏אשׁה‎ woman prefixed to another term appear to express indefiniteness, ‏אישׁ נביא‎ a prophet, Judges 6:8; Judges 4:4, 2 Samuel 14:5; 2 Samuel 15:16, 1 Kings 3:16; 1 Kings 7:14; 1 Kings 17:9. Eth. uses man, woman in the same way.
Rem. 2. The inf. ‏לַמּוֹט‎ is probably strengthened form of ‏לָמוט‎ Psalms 66:9; Psalms 121:3. In 1 Kings 10:19 ‏שֶׁבֶת‎ seems a noun, Amos 6:3. Jeremiah 5:13 ‏הַדִּבֵּר‎ the Art. might be relative, either he who speaks, or that which he speaks (§ 22, R. 4), both little natural. Scarcely more likely, the "He has said" (the phrase they use). Sep. ‏הַדָּבָר‎.
Rem. 3. In some cases the subj. and pred. are coextensive, and pred. has Art. Genesis 2:11 ‏הוּא הַסֺּבֵב‎ it is that which goeth round. Particularly with ptcps. Genesis 42:6 he was the seller; Genesis 45:12, Deuteronomy 3:21; Deuteronomy 8:18; Deuteronomy 9:3, 2 Samuel 5:2, 1 Chronicles 11:2.
Rem. 4. Certain archaic terms, originally appellatives, have acquired the force of proper names, as ‏שְׁאוֹל‎ hades, ‏תֵּבֵל‎ the inhabited world, ‏תְּהוֹם‎ the primary ocean (plur. with Art. Isaiah 63:13, of waters of Red Sea, Psalms 106:9), and do not take Art. And so some other terms used in poetry, which greatly dispenses with the Art., as ‏רֺֽזְנִים‎ princes, Psalms 2:2, ‏אֱנוֹשׁ‎ man, Psalms 8:4, ‏שָׂדַי‎ field, Psalms 8:7, ‏צַלְמָוֶת‎ darkness, midnight, Psalms 23:4, ‏תּֽוּשִׁיָּה‎ wisdom, power, Isaiah 28:29, Job 6:13. Also ‏רְאֵם‎ wild ox, even in a comparison, Psalms 92:10. So the divine names ‏אֱלֺהַּ‎, ‏שַׁדַּי‎, ‏עֶלְיוֹן‎.
§ 20. Words may be determinate in themselves or from construction, and with these the Art. is not used. Words def. of themselves are—(a) Proper names of persons, countries, cities, rivers, &c., as ‏יהוה‎ Jehovah, ‏משֶׁה‎ Moses, ‏מוֹאָב‎ Moab, ‏צֺר‎ Tyre, ‏פְּרָת‎ Euphrates. (b) The personal and other pronouns, Exodus 20:2 ‏אָֽנֹכִי יהוה‎ I am the Lord, Genesis 29:27 ‏שְׁבֻעַ זאֹת‎ the week of this one, Genesis 41:28 ‏הוּא הַדָּבָר‎ that is the thing, Genesis 3:11 ‏מִי הִגִּיד‎ who told thee?—Words determined by construction are—nouns in the cons. state before a definite gen., whether this gen. be a proper name, a pron. (separate or suffix), a noun defined by Art., or itself a cons. determined by a definite gen. (Genesis 3:24). Rth_1:3 ‏אִישׁ נָֽעֳמִי‎ the husband of Naomi. Genesis 24:23 ‏בַּת מִי אַתְּ‎ the daughter of whom (whose d.) art thou? Genesis 2:25 ‏הָֽאָדָם וְאִשְׁתּוֹ‎ the man and his wife. Genesis 2:19 ‏חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה‎ the beast of the field. Genesis 3:24 ‏דֶּרֶךְ עֵץ הַֽחַיִּים‎ the way of the tree of life, Genesis 6:18 ‏נְשֵׁי בָנֶיךָ‎.
Rem. 1. Proper names of persons are always without the Art., and so names of peoples called after a personal ancestor, as Moab, Edom. Many names of places, rivers, &c., however, were originally appellatives and sometimes retain the Art., as ‏הַלְּבָנוֹן‎ Lebanon (the white mountain?), ‏היַּרְחֵּ‎ Jordan (the river?), ‏הַגִּבְעָה‎ Gibeah (the hill), ‏הָעַי‎ Ai (the mound). Usage fluctuates.
Rem. 2. The def. gen. makes the whole expression definite. But this rule seems to have exceptions, the cons. remaining indef. This is the case at any rate with prop. names, as 1 Samuel 4:12 ‏אישׁ בִּנְיָמִין‎ a man of Benjamin, Joshua 7:21 a Babylonish garment, Judges 10:1, Deuteronomy 22:19, and apparently in other cases, Leviticus 14:34 a house, Genesis 9:20, Jeremiah 13:4. It is to be assumed in general, however, that the def. gen. determines the whole expression. Thus Heb. may say ‏הַזָּהָב‎ the gold (so called generic Art. § 22), i.e. gold, and so Genesis 41:42 ‏רְבִד הַזָּהָב‎ the chain of the gold, i.e. a chain of gold; the kind of definiteness, whatever it be, extends over the expression. Son_1:13-14; Son_4:3. Cf. 1 Samuel 25:36 ‏מִשְׁתִּה הַמֶּלֶךְ‎ the banquet of the king, i.e. a royal banquet; Judges 8:18 royal children. The use of Art. fluctuates, Son_1:11, Son_1:13.
Rem. 3. In compound proper names the Art. maintains its usual place. 1 Samuel 5:1 ‏אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר‎ Ebenezer. And so with gentilics, Judges 6:11, Judges 6:24 ‏אֲבִי הָֽעֶזְרִי‎ the Abiezrite, 1 Samuel 17:58 ‏בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי‎ the Bethlehemite. 1 Samuel 6:14.
Rem. 4. A number of cases occur of Art. with cons. or noun with suff. (a) In some cases the text is faulty, being filled up by explanatory glosses from the marg. Genesis 24:67 omit Sarah his mother. Joshua 3:11 om. ‏הברית‎, so Joshua 3:14, and Joshua 3:17 ‏ברית י׳‎. Joshua 8:11 om. war (Joshua 13:5, cf. § 29, R. 5). Jeremiah 25:26 rd. ‏הממלָכות‎ abs. and om. earth (Sep.), Ezekiel 45:16 om. earth (Sep.). Jeremiah 32:12 ‏הַסֵּפֶר הַמִּקְנָה‎ can hardly be appos. the bill, the sale; probably ungrammatical explicitum from marg. for it of Sep. 1 Chronicles 15:27 rd. probably ‏בַּמַּשָּׂא וְהַשֺּׁערים‎ (Berth.), cf. 1 Chronicles 15:22, 1 Chronicles 23:1-32 :2 Chr. 1 Chronicles 8:16 cf. Exodus 9:18, 2 Samuel 19:25. Isaiah 36:8, Isaiah 36:16 ‏הַמלך אשׁור‎ is correct in 2 Kings 18:23, 2 Kings 18:31, and hardly belongs to the original text. Jeremiah 48:32 ‏הַגפן שׂבמה‎ is voc. and perhaps protected by Lamentations 2:13 ‏הַבַּת ירושׁלם‎; otherwise Isaiah 16:9.—1 Samuel 26:22, 2 Kings 7:13 are corrected by Mass. More serious faults of text, 2 Samuel 24:5 (Dr. in loc.), Ezekiel 46:19, Daniel 8:13.
(b) Joshua 13:9 "Medeba unto Dibon" is appos. to the Mishor, explaining it. Ezekiel 47:15 might be the way to Hethlon, cf. Hosea 6:9, but text dubious. Genesis 31:13 ‏אנכי האל בית־אל‎ can hardly be, I am the God at Bethel (acc.). Cases like 2 Samuel 2:32; 2 Samuel 9:4, &c., are not parallel, and Numbers 22:5 is no doubt to be read: the river (Euph.), unto the land of the children, &c. 2 Kings 23:17 (possibly ‏הוּא קבר‎). 1 Kings 14:24, Art. may have slipped in mechanically after ‏כל‎. Judges 16:14 possibly ‏היתֵד‎, ‏הארג‎ being subsequent gloss. Ezra 8:29 perhaps ‏הלשָׁכות‎, "house of God" being in loose appos., and "weigh" a virtual verb of motion (carry to and weigh). Psalms 123:4 (‏לַשׁאננים‎? as second clause). Numbers 21:14, 2 Samuel 10:7, 1 Kings 16:24, &c., are cases of appos.
With suff. Leviticus 27:23 ‏הָֽעֶרְכְּךָ‎, the phrase is technical and suff. otiose. Joshua 8:33 ‏הַֽחֶצְיוֹ‎ the (other) half of it. Isaiah 24:2 ‏כַּגְּבִרְתָּהּ‎ in assonance with the other words. Micah 2:12 possibly ‏הַדֺּבֶר וּתְ׳‎. 2 Kings 15:16 after ‏כל‎. Joshua 7:21, Proverbs 16:4, Ezra 10:14.
§ 21. Determination by Art.—With individual persons or things the Art. is used when they are known, and definite to the mind for any reason, e.g.—
(a) From having been already mentioned. Genesis 18:7 ‏וַיִּקַּח בֶּן־בָּקָר‎ he took a calf; Genesis 18:8 he took ‏בֶּן־הַבָּקָר אשׁר עָשָׂה‎ the calf which he had got ready.
(b) Or from being the only one of their kind, as ‏הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ‎ the sun, ‏הַיָּרֵחַ‎ the moon; the earth, the high priest, the king, &c.
(c) Or, though not the only one of the class, when usage has elevated into distinctive prominence a particular individual of the class, as ‏הַנָּהָר‎ the river (Euphrates) ‏הַבַּעַל‎ the lord (Baal), ‏הַשָּׁטָן‎ the adversary (Satan), Job 1:6, Zechariah 3:1, ‏הִַיְאֹר‎ the stream (Nile, cf. Amos 8:8, the stream of Egypt), ‏הַכִּכָּר‎ the circle (of Jordan), ‏הַבַּיִת‎ the house (Temple), Micah 3:12, Psalms 30:1-12, ‏הָֽאלהים‎ the (true) God.
(d) Or when the person or thing is an understood element or feature in the situation or circumstances. Genesis 24:20, she emptied her pail ‏אל־הַשֹּׁקֶת‎ into the trough (of course existing where there were flocks to water). Genesis 35:17 ‏הַֽמְיַלֶּדֶת‎ ‏וַתֹּאמֶר‎ and the midwife (naturally present) said, Genesis 38:28. So Genesis 18:7 the boy; Genesis 22:6 the fire and the knife; Genesis 26:8 the window. Exodus 2:15 the well (beside every encampment). Judges 3:25 the key. 1 Samuel 19:13, 2 Samuel 18:24, Proverbs 7:19 the goodman. Eng. also uses the def. Art. in such cases; at other times it employs the unemphatic possessive pron. Genesis 24:64, she lighted ‏מֵעַל הַגָּמָל‎ from her camel;Genesis 24:65 she took ‏הַצָּעִיף‎ her veil Genesis 47:31 his bed. Judges 3:20, 2 Samuel 19:26, 1 Kings 13:13, 1 Kings 13:27, 2 Kings 5:21.
(e) It is a peculiar extension of this usage when, in narratives particularly, persons or things appear definite to the imagination of the speaker—the person just from the part he played, and the thing from the use made of it. In this case Eng. uses the indef. Art. 2 Samuel 17:17 ‏וְהָֽלְכָה הַשִּׁפְחָה וְהִגִּידָה‎ and a wench always went and told them. 1 Samuel 9:9 ‏כֹּה אָמַר הָאִישׁ‎ thus spoke a man when he went, &c. Joshua 2:15 ‏וַתּֽוֹרִדֵם בַּחֶבֶל‎ and she let them down with a rope. Exodus 17:14 ‏כְּתֹב זֹאת בַּסֵּפֶר‎ write this in a book; 1 Samuel 10:25, Jeremiah 32:10, Job 19:23.—Deuteronomy 15:17, Exodus 21:20 with a rod, Numbers 22:27, Joshua 8:29 on a tree, Judges 4:18 a rug, Judges 4:21 a tent-pin, Judges 4:19 a milk bottle, Judges 6:38 a cupful, Judges 9:48; Judges 16:21 (Judges 3:31?). So probably Isaiah 7:14 ‏הָֽעַלְמָה‎ a maid. Genesis 9:23 a garment (less naturally his, i.e. Noah's). Deuteronomy 22:17, Judges 8:25, 1 Samuel 21:9 (some passages may belong to d). So with rel. cl. Psalms 1:1, Jeremiah 49:36.
(f) The person addressed is naturally def. to the mind, and the so-called vocative often has the Art. 1 Kings 18:26 ‏הַבַּעַל עְַנֵנוּ‎ O Baal, hear us! 2 Kings 9:5 ‏אֵלֶיךָ הַשָּׂר‎ unto thee, Captain! Judges 6:12 ‏י׳ עִמְּךָ גִּבּוֹר הֶחָיִל‎ Je. is with thee, O man of valour. Judges 3:19, 1 Samuel 17:58, 2 Samuel 14:4, Hosea 5:1, Jeremiah 2:31, Isaiah 42:18, John 1:2, Zechariah 3:8. The noun with Art. is probably in appos. to thou, ye understood. Cf. Job 19:21, Malachi 3:9, Micah 1:2 -2 Kings 9:31, Isaiah 22:16; Isaiah 47:8; Isaiah 54:1, Isaiah 54:11, Zephaniah 2:12.
Rem. 1. In such cases as ‏היום‎ today, ‏הלילה‎ to-night, ‏הפעם‎ this time, Genesis 2:23, ‏השׁנה‎ this year Jeremiah 28:16, the definite-ness is due to the fact that the times belong to the speaker's present and are before him. Judges 13:10 ‏ביום‎ that (a former) day is defined by the circumstance that occurred on it.
Rem. 2. To e belongs the phrase ‏ויהי היום‎ occurring 1 Samuel 1:4; 1 Samuel 14:1, 2 Kings 4:8, 2 Kings 4:11, 2 Kings 4:18, Job 1:6, Job 1:13; Job 2:1. Probably: and it fell on a day (lit. the day, viz. that on which it fell, &c.). Others make ‏היום‎ subj., and the day was, i.e. there fell a day. The vav impf. following is less natural on this view, but the explanation of Art. is the same.—Genesis 28:11 a place prob. belongs to e; it is hardly heilige Stätte (like Ar. maqam) either here or 2 Kings 5:11.
§ 22. It is on the same principle as in § 21 that classes of persons, creatures, or things have the Art. The classes are known just from the fact of their having distinct characteristics. But, further, in such cases the individual possesses all the characteristics which distinguish the class, and the class is seen in any individual. Hence the use of the sing. is common.
(a) The sing. of gentilic nouns is so used, as Genesis 13:7 ‏הַכְּנַֽעְַנִי‎ the Canaanite, Genesis 15:21. Of course also the plur. with Art., rarely without, though ‏פְּלִשְׁתִּים‎ Philistines, is more common; cf. 2 Samuel 21:12.
(b) So adjectives and ptcps., as ‏הַצַּדִּיק‎ the righteous, ‏הָֽרָשָׁע‎ the wicked. Ptcp., Joshua 8:19 ‏הָֽאוֹרֵב‎ the ambush, 1 Samuel 13:17 ‏הַמַּשְׁחִית‎ the active warriors, Genesis 14:13 ‏הַפָּלִיט‎ the fugitive (if these do not belong to § 21e, and be defined by the action they perform). The Art. is frequently omitted in poetry. Here also plur. is common. Psalms 1:4-6.
(c) The various classes of creatures, as Genesis 8:7 ‏הָֽעֹרֵב‎ a raven, Genesis 8:8 a dove. Esp. in comparisons. Judges 14:6 ‏כְּשַׁסַּע הַגְּדִי‎ as one rends a kid. 2 Samuel 17:10 ‏כְּלֵב הָֽאַרְיֵה‎ like the heart of a lion. Psalms 33:17 ‏שֶׁקֶר הַסּוּס לִתְשׁוּעָה‎ a horse is vain for deliverance. So Ecclesiastes 7:26 ‏הָֽאִשָּׁה‎ a woman (i.e. women). 1 Samuel 26:20 a partridge, Judges 7:5 as a dog laps, 1 Samuel 17:34, Amos 3:12; Amos 5:19 :2 Ki. Amos 8:13 ‏מָה עַבְדְּךָ הַכֶּלֶב‎ what is thy servant, the dog (thy dog of a s.)?
(d) So other well-known objects, such as the precious metals and stones, and, in general, any well-known article, though usage fluctuates here; Genesis 2:11 ‏אְַשֶׁר שָׁם הַזָּהָב‎ where there is gold. Amos 2:6, Genesis 13:2, 2 Chronicles 2:14, 2 Chronicles 2:14. Genesis 11:3 the brick, the asphalt, the mortar. 1 Kings 10:27, Isaiah 28:7.
(e) And, in general, in comparisons—the thing to which comparison is made naturally being known and distinct before the mind. Isaiah 1:18 ‏אִם־יִֽהְיוּ חְַטָֽאֵיכֶם כַּשָּׁנִים כַּשֶּׁלֶג יַלְבִּינוּ‎ if your sins be like crimson, they shall be white like snow. Isaiah 10:14 ‏וַתִּמְצָא כַקֵּן יָדִי‎ and my hand hath found like a nest the wealth of the nations. Numbers 11:12, Judges 16:9, 1 Kings 14:15, 2 Samuel 17:3, Hosea 6:4, Deuteronomy 1:44, Isaiah 34:4; Isaiah 51:8; Isaiah 53:6-7, Micah 4:12. See the exx. in c.
Rem. 1. Any object or thing well known receives the Art., e.g. affections or diseases, Genesis 19:11 ‏הַסַּנְוֵרִים‎ blindness, Zechariah 12:4 madness, &c., 2 Samuel 1:9 ‏הַשָּׁבָץ‎ dizziness? Leviticus 13:12 leprosy. So plagues, calamities, as blasting, mildew, &c. Amos 4:9, Haggai 2:17, Deuteronomy 28:21-22, cf. Exodus 5:3, 2 Kings 6:18. So moral qualities as faithfulness Isaiah 11:5, &c. Also physical elements as fire in the frequent burn
‏בָּאֵשׁ‎ with fire, &c.; darkness Isaiah 9:2. In all these cases, however, usage fluctuates, the Art. being most frequent with prefixed prep.
Rem. 2. In comparisons use of Art. fluctuates. But generally: when the thing to which comparison is made stands simply the Art. is used (see exx. in § 22e); and so when a clause follows which merely states or explains the point in the comparison, Psalms 1:4; Psalms 49:13, Isaiah 61:10-11, Hosea 6:4. But when an epithet or clause is added which describes the object not generally but in a particular aspect or condition, the Art. is not used. Isaiah 13:14; Isaiah 16:2; Isaiah 29:5; Isaiah 41:2, Hosea 2:3; Hosea 4:16. The usage fluctuates particularly in poetry.
Rem. 3. Poetry often omits Art. where prose would use it, Psalms 2:2, Psalms 2:8, Psalms 2:10 ‏מלכי ארץ‎ kings of the earth, Psalms 72:17 ‏לפני שׁמשׁ‎ before the sun, Psalms 72:5-7. So in archaic or semi-poetical phrases like earth and heaven Genesis 2:4, Psalms 148:13, Genesis 14:19; beast of the earth Genesis 1:24, cf. Psalms 50:10; Psalms 104:11, Psalms 104:20, Isaiah 56:9. In prose also the Art. is omitted with expressions familiar, Exodus 27:21 ‏אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד‎ tent of meeting (as we say "to church," cf. John 6:59 ἐν συναγωγῇ), 1 Kings 16:16 ‏שַׂר צָבָא‎ commander in chief. So king, 1 Kings 21:10, 1 Kings 21:13 to curse God and king, cf. 1 Kings 16:18, Amos 7:13. Genesis 24:11 ‏לְעֵת עֶרֶב‎ at evening time, Deuteronomy 11:12 to year's end, Deuteronomy 4:47. Also such words as head, hand, foot, face, mouth. Isaiah 37:22. shake ‏ראשׁ‎ the head, Micah 7:16 ‏יד על־פה‎ put the hand upon the mouth. Job 21:5, Proverbs 11:21; Proverbs 16:5. Genesis 32:30 face to face, Numbers 12:8 mouth to mouth. 2 Samuel 23:6 ‏בְּיָד‎ with the hand, Isaiah 28:2, Nehemiah 13:21, 2 Chronicles 25:20. Isaiah 1:6 from foot-sole to head. Jeremiah 2:27 to turn ‏עֹרֶף‎ the back. The words heart, soul, eyes, &c., when in gen. by an adj., usually want the Art. Psalms 7:10 upright of heart. Isaiah 24:7, Psalms 95:10 (Deuteronomy 20:6 Art.). Psalms 101:5, Job 3:21, Judges 18:25, cf. Psalms 37:14, Job 30:25.
In particular the word ‏כל‎ before such words without Art. may mean all, the whole. Isaiah 1:5 ‏כָּל־רֹאשׁ‎ the whole head, Isaiah 9:11 the whole mouth, 2 Kings 23:3 the whole heart... soul, Ezekiel 36:5. And even in other cases, Isaiah 28:8 all tables. So phrases like ‏כל־חַי‎ all livings ‏כל־בָּשָׂר‎ all flesh.— The phrase ‏פֹּֽעְַלֵי אָוֶן‎ is usually anarthrous (Psalms 125:5 Art.). And certain terms are used with a kind of technical brevity, e.g. ‏גְּבוּל‎ boundary, Joshua 13:23, breadth, &c. (in measurements), 2 Chronicles 3:3. So ''gate," "court," &c. (§ 32, R. 2). Cf. Malachi 1:10, Malachi 1:11.
Rem. 4. In later writings particularly the Art. is used like a rel. pron., as subj. or obj. to a verb and with prep. Joshua 10:24, 1 Chronicles 26:1-32, 1 Chronicles 28:1-21; 1 Chronicles 29:1-30, 1 Chronicles 8:17, 2 Chronicles 1:4 (older usage Judges 5:27, Rth_1:16), 2 Chronicles 29:36, Ezra 8:25; Ezra 10:14, Ezra 10:17 (Judges 13:8 might be ptcp. without m.). Ezekiel 26:17 also as accented is perf.
The art. with ptcp. is usual (§ 99), and a number of cases accented as perf. of ‏ע׳ו‎ verbs are certainly fem. ptcp., however the accentuation is to be explained, e.g. Genesis 18:21 their cry ‏הַבָּֽאָה‎ which is come; Genesis 46:27, Isaiah 51:10, Rth_1:22; Rth_4:3. Genesis 21:3 ‏הנּולַד־לוֹ‎ is ptcp. 1 Kings 11:9, Isaiah 56:3 are also probably ptcps., and should be so pointed, unless the pointing is to be explained as following the type of ‏ל׳א‎ verb, cf. 1 Kings 17:14 ‏תִּכְלָה‎. Daniel 8:1 being late is doubtful. 1 Samuel 9:24 for ‏הֶֽעָלֶיהָ‎ that which is upon it, rd. probably ‏הָֽאַלְיָה‎ the (fat) tail (Hitz. ‏הַֽעְַליה‎ as imp. hiph.?). Joshua 10:24 is anomalous in spelling, and possibly should be read ‏הַהֹֽלְכִים‎.—Ar. occasionally joins Art. to finite verb, the ass alyujadda'u which has its ears cut off. Of course it is said that Art. is for alladhi the rel.