The Genitive. Construct

The Genitive. Construct
§ 23. In the compound expression formed by the Gen. and the preceding cons. state, as ‏בֶּן־הַמֶּלֶךְ‎ the son of the king, the first word is hurriedly passed over, and consequently shortened where possible (Gr. § 17), and the accent falls on the last half of the expression. The first half of the expression is called in Oriental grammar the. annexed, the second half that to which annexion is made, and the relation between them annexion.
The gen. may be a noun (subst. or adj.), a pronoun, or a clause. The cons. must be a noun (subst. or adj.). The use of the gen. is very wide. It expresses almost any relation between two nouns, corresponding often to the semi-adjectival use of nouns in our own language, as tree-fruit, fruit-tree, seed-corn, water-pot, except that the order of words is reversed, fruit of tree, tree of fruit, &c. The gen. may be said to be either gen. of the subject or gen. of the object, and this distinction applies to pron. suffixes, which are also in the gen. Genesis 27:41 ‏יְמֵי אֵבֶל אָבִי‎ the days of mourning for my father; Genesis 3:24 ‏דֶּרֶךְ עֵץ הַֽחַיִּים‎ the way to the tree of life; Genesis 42:19 ‏שֶׁבֶר רַֽעְַבוֹן בָּֽתֵּיכֶם‎ corn (needful) for the famine of your houses; 2 Samuel 8:10 ‏אִישׁ מִלְחְַמוֹת תֹּעִי‎ engaged in wars with Toi; Isaiah 9:7 ‏קִנְאַת י׳ תַּֽעְַשֶׂה־זֹּאת‎ the zeal of Je. will do this; Isaiah 26:11 ‏יֶֽחֱזוּ קִנְאַת־עָם‎ they shall see thy zeal for the people (Psalms 69:10). Genesis 16:5 ‏חְַמָסִי עָלֶיךָ‎ my wrong (that done me) be on thee; Genesis 29:13 ‏שֵׁמַע יַֽעְַקֹב‎ the news about Jacob (2 Samuel 4:4). Isaiah 32:2 ‏סֵתֶר זֶרֶם‎ a covert from the rain. Psalms 60:8 ‏מוֹאָב סִיר רַחְצִי‎ Moab is my wash-pot. Isaiah 56:7 ‏בֵּית תְּפִלָּתִי‎ my house of prayer. Genesis 44:2 ‏כֶּסֶף שִׁבְרוֹ‎ his corn-money. Genesis 18:20, Isaiah 23:5, Amos 8:10, Obadiah 1:10, Habakkuk 2:17.
Rem. 1. The gen. of the subject may be (a) the possessor of any object, as Jeremiah 7:4 ‏הֵיכַל יהוה‎ the temple of Je.; Genesis 4:1 ‏אִשְׁתּוֹ‎ his wife. (b) The subject to which any quality or attribute belongs, 1 Kings 4:30 ‏חָכְמַת שְׁלֹמֹה‎ the wisdom of Solomon; 1 Kings 10:9 ‏אַֽהְַבַת י׳‎ the love of Je. (c) The agent in any action, especially after pass. ptcp., Isaiah 53:4 ‏מֻכֵּה אלהים‎ stricken of God; or the instrument, Isaiah 22:2 ‏לֹא חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב וְלֹא מֵתֵי מִלְחמָה‎ not slain by the sword nor dead through war. Cf. on Particip. § 98. The gen. of the object is the converse of this, and may be: (a) the possession of a possessor, Genesis 42:30 ‏אְַדֹנֵי הארץ‎ the lord of the country. (b) The quality or attribute belonging to any subject, 1 Kings 20:31 ‏מַלְכֵי חֶסֶד‎ kings of clemency, Isaiah 30:18 ‏אֱלֺהֵי מִשְׁפָּט‎ a God of justice. (c) The object of any action, particularly after active ptcp.,
Isaiah 5:18 ‏מֽשְׁכֵי הֶֽעָוֹן‎ dragging on iniquity, Isaiah 5:23 ‏מִצִדִּיקֵי רָשָׁע‎ justifying the wicked.
§ 24. The genius of the language is not favourable to the formation of adjectives, and the gen. is used in various ways as explicative of the preceding noun, indicating its material, qualities, or relations. (a) When the gen. is identical with the cons., merely expressing for ex. its name, as Genesis 2:15 ‏גַּן־עֵדֶן‎ the garden of Eden; Genesis 15:18 ‏נְהַר־פְּרָת‎ the river of Euphrates; Isaiah 41:14 ‏תּוֹלַעַת יַֽעְַקֹב‎ thou worm (of) Jacob; Isaiah 37:22 ‏בַּת יְרֽוּשָׁלִָם‎ the daughter of Jerus. Or the class to which it belongs, Isaiah 9:6 ‏פֵּלֶא יוֹעֵץ‎ a wonder of a counsellor; Hosea 13:2 ‏זֹֽבְחֵי אָדָם‎ men who sacrifice; Genesis 16:12 ‏פֶּרֶא אָדָם‎ a wild ass of man; Isaiah 1:4 ‏זֶרַע מְרֵעִים‎ a race of malefactors. 1 Kings 10:15, Isaiah 29:19, Micah 5:5, Proverbs 15:20, 2 Chronicles 2:7.
(b) When the gen. is the material; Genesis 24:22 ‏נֶזֶם זָהָב‎ a ring of gold; Exodus 20:24 ‏מִזְבַּח אְַדָמָה‎ an altar of earth. Genesis 3:21, Judges 7:13, 1 Kings 6:36, Isaiah 2:20, Psalms 2:9. Or the commodity or article in measure, weight, or number, Judges 6:19 ‏אֵיפַת קֶמַח‎ an ephah of meal, Genesis 21:14, Genesis 21:1 S. 16, 20; Genesis 17:17, Hosea 3:2.—The consn. by Apposition is very common in this case, § 29. See also the Numerals, § § 36, 37.
(c) When the gen. is an attribute or quality, 1 Kings 20:31 ‏מַלְכֵי חֶסֶד‎ clement kings; Judges 11:1 ‏גִּבּוֹר חַיִל‎ a valiant hero; Leviticus 19:36 ‏מֹֽאזְנֵי צֶדֶק‎ right balances; Isaiah 43:28 ‏שָׂרֵי קֹדֶשׁ‎ holy princes, and very often in later writings. Or more generally: Isaiah 51:11 ‏שִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם‎ everlasting joy Zechariah 11:4 ‏צֹאן הַֽהְַרֵגָה‎ the flock (destined) for slaughter; Isaiah 13:3 ‏עַלִּיזֵי גַֽאְַוָתִי‎ my proud exulters (Zephaniah 3:11). Isaiah 13:8; Isaiah 22:2; Isaiah 28:4; Isaiah 32:2, Exodus 29:29, Psalms 5:6; Psalms 23:2, Proverbs 1:9; Proverbs 5:19, Zephaniah 3:4. Jeremiah 20:17 with child always.— The equivalence of this gen. to the adj. appears from the loose constructions, Deuteronomy 25:15 ‏אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה וָצֶדֶק‎ a full and right weight; 1 Samuel 30:22 ‏כל אישׁ רָע וּבְלִיַּעַל‎ every bad and worthless man.
(d) Under the explicative gen. may also be classed the gen. of restriction or specification. Adj. and ptcp. are construed with a gen. which specifies the extent or point of their application: Isaiah 6:5 ‏אִישׁ טְמֵא־שְׂפָתַיִם‎ a man unclean of lips; Exodus 32:9 ‏עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף הוּא‎ they are a stiffnecked people; Genesis 24:16 ‏וְהַנַּעַר טוֹבַת מַרְאֶה מְאֹד‎ and the girl was very pretty; 2 Samuel 9:13 ‏פִּסֵּחַ שְׁתֵּי רַגְלָיו‎ lame in his two feet; 1 Samuel 25:3 ‏הָֽאִשָׁה טוֹבַת שֶׂכֶל וִיפַת תֹּאַר וְהָאִישׁ רַע מַֽעְַלָלִים‎ the woman was of great discretion, and beautiful in form, but the man was evil in his doings. Genesis 12:11; Genesis 26:7; Genesis 29:17; Genesis 39:6; Genesis 41:2-6, Exodus 4:10; Exodus 6:12, Deuteronomy 9:6, Deuteronomy 9:13, Judges 3:15; Judges 18:25, 1 Samuel 2:5; 1 Samuel 22:2, 2 Samuel 4:4, Isaiah 1:4, Isaiah 1:30; Isaiah 3:3; Isaiah 19:10; Isaiah 20:4 (rd. ‏חשׂופֵי‎); Isaiah 29:24; Isaiah 54:6, Amos 2:16, Psalms 24:4, Job 3:21; Job 9:4, Lamentations 1:1, Son_5:8.
Rem. 1. The gen. of material, a ring of gold, is not partitive, but explicative—a ring which is gold.
Rem. 2. The gen. of quality, &c., forms along with its cons. a single conception, hence the suff. goes to the gen. Psalms 2:6 ‏הר קָדְשִׁי‎ my holy hill, Deuteronomy 1:41, Isaiah 2:20; Isaiah 9:3; Isaiah 30:22; Isaiah 31:7; Isaiah 64:9-10, Zephaniah 3:11, Job 18:7. Cf. § 27.
Rem. 3. The gen. of attribute or quality is very common with certain nouns, ‏אִישׁ‎, ‏אִשָּׁה‎ man, woman, ‏בֵּן‎, ‏בַּת‎ son, daughter, ‏בַּעַל‎ owner, possessor. Exodus 4:10 ‏אישׁ דְּבָרִים‎ a good speaker, Job 11:2 ‏א׳ שְׂפָתַיִם‎ a babbler, 2 Samuel 16:7 ‏א׳ דָּמִים‎ a bloodshedder, Proverbs 25:24 ‏אֵשֶׁת מִדְיָנִים‎ a brawling woman Genesis 9:20; Genesis 25:27, 2 Samuel 18:20, 1 Kings 2:26, Psalms 140:11.—Proverbs 11:16; Proverbs 12:4; Proverbs 12:19; Proverbs 28:5; Proverbs 29:1, Proverbs 29:8, Rth_3:11, Zephaniah 3:4.
1 Samuel 14:52 ‏בֶּן־חַיִלּ‎ mighty man, 1 Samuel 26:16 ‏בְּנֵי מָוֶת‎ deserving death, 1 Samuel 1:16 ‏בַּת בְּלִיַּעַל‎ a worthless person. Numbers 17:10, Deuteronomy 3:18, Judges 18:2, 2 Samuel 3:34, 2 Kings 14:14, Isaiah 5:1; Isaiah 14:12, Jeremiah 48:45, Jonah 4:10, Job 5:7; Job 28:8.—Micah 5:1, Malachi 2:11, Ecclesiastes 12:4. And in stating age, 1 Samuel 4:15 ‏בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה שָׁנָה‎ 98 years old. Genesis 50:26, Numbers 32:11, Joshua 24:29, Judges 2:8, Genesis 17:17.
Genesis 37:19 ‏בַּעַל הַֽחְַלֹמוֹת‎ the dreamer, 2 Kings 1:8 ‏ב׳ שֵׂעָר‎ hairy, Proverbs 23:2 ‏ב׳ נֶפֶשׁ‎ of large appetite. Genesis 14:13, Exodus 24:14, Isaiah 41:15; Isaiah 50:8 (adversary), Jeremiah 37:13, Nahum 1:2, Proverbs 18:9; Proverbs 22:1-29, Proverbs 24:1-34; Proverbs 24:8, Nehemiah 6:18, Ecclesiastes 7:12, Daniel 8:6 (two-horned).—1 Samuel 28:7, 1 Kings 17:17, Nahum 3:4.—In 2 Samuel 1:6 ‏פרשׁים‎ seems to mean war-horses, but cf. Dr. or Well. on 2 Samuel 1:18.
Rem. 4. Adverbs and particles being really nouns may stand virtually in the gen., 1 Kings 2:31 ‏דְּמֵי חִנָּם‎ causeless bloodshed, Numbers 29:6 ‏עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד‎ the continual burnt-offering, Ezekiel 39:14, ‏אַנְשֵׁי ת׳‎, Deuteronomy 26:5 ‏מְתֵי מְעַט‎ a few men, Jeremiah 13:27 ‏אַֽחְַרֵי מָתַי‎ after how long. 2 Samuel 24:24, Habakkuk 2:19, Ezekiel 30:16 (if read. right). And of course such particles as ‏אַיִן‎, ‏בִּלְתִּי‎ &c. may themselves take a gen. after them.
Rem. 5. The consn. in (d) is the usual one in Heb., of the type integer vitæ; the acc. of limitation after adj. and ptcp. is uncommon, e.g. Isaiah 40:20 ‏הַֽמְסֻכָּן תְּרוּמָה‎ he who is poor in oblation, Job 15:10 ‏כַּבִּיר מֵֽאָבִיךָ‎ older in days. But this is not liked, cf. Job 30:1 younger ‏לְיָמִים‎ in days, so Job 32:4. The prep. ‏ב‎ is generally used of members of the body (Amos 2:15) when the gen. is not employed, cf. Psalms 125:4 (Proverbs 17:20). Cf. § 71, R. 3. Ar. on the other hand regards this gen. as improper (unreal) annexion, being substitute for acc. of limitation.
Rem. 6. Proper names are occasionally followed by a gen., as Ur of the Chaldees Genesis 11:31, Aram of the two rivers Genesis 24:10, Gath of the Philistines Amos 6:2, Gibeah of Saul Isaiah 10:29, Mizpeh of Gilead Judges 11:29, &c. Most proper names were originally appellatives, and in other cases there were several places of the same name, but in such a case as Zion of the Holy One of Israel Isaiah 60:14, the last fact does not apply, and the first had certainly been long forgotten. Cf. thy sun Isaiah 60:20, Jeremiah 15:9, Numbers 31:12, Ezra 3:7. Most languages so construe proper names. Wright, Ar. Gr. ii. § 79.
The common ‏י׳ צְבָאוֹת‎ is probably breviloquence for ‏י׳ אֱֶלֹהֵי צ׳‎ 2 Samuel 5:10, Amos 3:13 and often.
§ 25. A clause may occasionally take the place of the gen. Such a clause will be what we call relative (in Heb. rel. or descriptive), particularly in designations of time and place: Genesis 40:3 ‏מְקוֹם אְַשֶׁר יוֹסֵף אָסוּר שָׁם‎ the place where J. was confined; Isaiah 29:1 ‏קִרְיַת חָנָה דָוִד‎ thou city where D. dwelt; 1 Samuel 25:15 ‏כָּל־יְמֵי הִתְהַלַּכְנוּ אִתָּם‎ all the days we were conversant with them; Exodus 4:13 ‏שְׁלַח־נָא בְּיַד־תִּשְׁלַח‎ send by the hand of him whom thou wilt send (send by means of some one else); Exodus 6:28 ‏בְּיוֹם דִבֶּר יהוה‎ on the day Je. spoke. Genesis 39:20, Deuteronomy 32:35, 2 Samuel 15:21, 1 Kings 21:19, Jeremiah 22:12; Jeremiah 36:2; Jeremiah 48:36, Hosea 1:2; Hosea 2:1, Psalms 4:7; Psalms 18:1; Psalms 56:4, Psalms 56:10; Psalms 59:17; Psalms 65:5; Psalms 81:6; Psalms 90:15; Psalms 102:3; Psalms 104:8; Psalms 137:8-9; Psalms 138:3; Psalms 146:5, Proverbs 8:32, Leviticus 13:46; Leviticus 14:46, Numbers 3:1; Numbers 9:18, Job 6:17, 2 Chronicles 29:27.
§ 26. In annexion the determining Art. is prefixed to the gen. Both members of the expression are usually indef. when the Art. is wanting, and both usually def. when it is present. Genesis 42:30 ‏אְַדֹנֵי הָאָרֶצ‎ the lord of the country; Genesis 24:22 ‏נֶזֶם זָהָב‎ a ring of gold. Of course proper names and all pron., whether separate or suffixal, are def. of themselves. § 20. A number of constructs may follow one another, each depending on the one after it as its gen. Genesis 47:9 ‏יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי אְַבֹתַי‎ the days of the years of the lives of my fathers; 1 Kings 2:5 ‏לִשְׁנֵי שָׂרֵי צִבְאוֹת ישׂראל‎ to the two captains of the hosts of Is. Genesis 41:10, Leviticus 10:14, Numbers 6:13, Joshua 4:5, 2 Kings 10:6, Isaiah 10:12; Isaiah 21:17, 1 Chronicles 9:13 (if ‏חֵיל‎ be read. Perhaps ‏ל‎ has fallen out before ‏מלאכת‎).
§ 27. As in annexion the two members form a single expression, nothing (except the Art. to the gen. and the ‏ה‎ of direction to the cons.) can come between them. (a) An adj. qualifying either of the members must stand outside the expression. John 3:4 ‏יוֹם י׳ הַגָּרוֹל‎ the great day of the Lord, Genesis 27:15 ‏בִּגְדֵי עֵשָׂו בְּנָהּ הַגָּדֹל הַֽחְַמֻדוֹת‎ the best garments of her elder son Esau; Genesis 10:21 ‏אְַחי יֶפֶת הַגָּדוֹל‎ the elder brother of Japheth; Genesis 44:14 ‏וַיָּבֹא בֵּיתָה יוֹסֵף‎ he came to the house of J.; Genesis 28:2; Genesis 43:17; Genesis 46:1, Deuteronomy 4:41, 1 Kings 19:15.—Deuteronomy 3:24; Deuteronomy 11:7; 1 Samuel 25:25, Isaiah 36:9.
(b) For the same reason not more than one cons. can stand before the same gen. For ex. the sons and daughters of the man cannot be expressed thus: ‏בְּנֵי וּבְנוֹת הָאִישׁ‎, because the form ‏בְּנֵי‎, not being dependent, is without reason. Various forms are adopted. (1) ‏בְּנֵי האישׁ וּבְנוֹתָיו‎ (2) ‏בְּנֵי האישׁ וְהַבָּנוֹת‎ (3) ‏לָאִישׁ‎ (‏אְַשֶׁר‎) ‏הַבָּנִים וְהַבָּנוֹת‎. The first is lightest and most usual. Genesis 41:8 the magicians of Eg. and her wise men ( = the mag. and wise men of E.), Judges 8:14 the princes of Succoth and her elders ( = the pr. and el. of S.). The second is occasional. Genesis 40:1 ‏מַשְׁקֵה מֶלֶךְ־מ׳ וְהָֽאֹפֶה‎ the butler of the king of E. and the baker; Psalms 64:6 ‏וְקֶרֶב אִישׁ וְלֵב עָמֹק‎ the breast of each and the heart is deep. The third, circumscription of gen. by prep. ‏ל‎, is common, and gains ground in the later stages of the language. Genesis 40:5 ‏הַמַּשְׁקֶה וְהָֽאֹפֶה אְַשֶׁר לְמֶלֶךְ‎.—This circumscription must be had recourse to also when the first member of a gen. relation is to be preserved indef., the second being def. 1 Samuel 16:18 ‏בֵּן לְיִשַׁי‎ a son of Jesse; cf. 1 Samuel 20:27 ‏בֶּן־יִשַׁי‎ the son of Jesse (David), 1 Kings 2:39 ‏שְׁנֵי־עְַבָדִים לְשִׁמְעִי‎ two slaves of Shimei, Genesis 41:12. See more fully Rem. 5, below.
§ 28. Such words as ‏כֹּל‎ all, ‏רֹב‎ multitude, many, are nouns, and are followed by gen. Genesis 8:9 ‏כָּל־הָאָרֶץ‎ all (of) the earth, Psalms 51:1 ‏כְּרֹב רַֽחְַמֶיךָ‎ according to thy many mercies. So the numerals. Genesis 40:12 ‏שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִִם‎ three days. See § 29 Apposition, and § 36 seq. Numerals. On Adj. in gen. by their noun, cf. § 32, R. 5.
Rem. 1. The cons. before a clause (§ 25) is scarcely a mere formal shortening of the word due to the closeness of connexion. It has syntactical meaning, the clause being equivalent to inf. cons. with suff.; e.g. 1 Samuel 25:15 = ‏כל־ימי‎ ‏הִתְהַלְּכֵנוּ‎ (Proverbs 6:22), Psalms 4:7 = ‏מעת רֹב דגנם‎ (Hosea 4:7; Hosea 10:1, Deuteronomy 7:7). In other cases there is om. of rel. pr.
More like a mere formal shortening is the use of the cons. before prepp. In poetry and the higher style chiefly the ptcps. (and nouns) of verbs that govern by a prep. are put in cons. before the prep. The real consn. in this case is by prep. and the cons. is secondary, as appears from Judges 8:11 ‏הַשְּׁכוּנֵי בָֽאֳהָלִים‎ (so Sep.) with Art.— Isaiah 5:11 ‏מַשְׁכִּימֵי בַבֹּקֶר‎; Isaiah 9:2 ‏שִׂמְחַת בַּקָּצִיר‎; Isaiah 28:9 ‏גְּמוּלֵי מֵֽחָלָּב‎, Judges 5:10, 2 Samuel 1:21, Isaiah 14:19; Isaiah 56:10 (inf.), Jeremiah 8:16, Ezekiel 13:2, Psalms 2:12, Job 24:5.
The few cases of shortening before vav copul. seem due to assonance, Ezekiel 26:10 (cf. Jeremiah 4:29), Isaiah 33:6, or to the ear being accustomed to the cons. form before words closely connected, Isaiah 35:2. In Isaiah 51:21 the coming word ‏יין‎ seems to influence the preceding "drunken." Jeremiah 33:22 ‏מְשָֽׁרְַתֵי אֹתִי‎ is altogether anomalous (." Jeremiah 33:21); Haggai 2:17.
Rem. 2. On indef. cons. before def. gen. cf. § 20, R. 2.
Rem. 3. Sometimes an adj. is used nominally and brought within the chain of constructs. Isaiah 28:16, a corner-stone ‏יִקְרַת‎ of preciousness of a foundation; perhaps Isaiah 28:1; Isaiah 28:4 flower ‏נֹבֵל‎ of a faded-thing (faded flower), Jeremiah 4:11 wind of dryness. In some cases the Abs. seems retained in a phrase. Isaiah 28:1 ‏גיא שְׁמָנִים הלּומי יין‎ the fat valley of those stricken down of wine; Isaiah 28:3 ‏גאות‎. Psalms 68:21, Proverbs 21:6? Text is doubtful, Isaiah 63:11, the words "Moses," "his people," being wanting in Sep. Ezekiel 6:11 ‏רעות‎ wanting in Sep. Isaiah 32:13 ‏קריה עליזה‎ may be loose subord. in acc. On Isaiah 19:8, cf. Rem. 1.—The consn. 2 Samuel 1:9, ‏כל עוד נפשׁי בי‎ (Job 27:3, Hosea 14:3), where ‏כל‎ seems separated from its gen., is uncertain. The ‏כל‎ appears rather to be used adverbially, wholly, in whole, cf. Ecclesiastes 5:15 (Psalms 39:6; Psalms 45:14) and the Chald. ‏כל קבל ד‎ Daniel 2:8, Daniel 2:41, &c.
Rem. 4. An instance of two cons. before a gen. is Ezekiel 31:16, but Sep. wants ‏וטוב‎. Daniel 1:4 is scarcely an ex., cf. Isaiah 29:12. Occasionally the first word seems to stand loosely in Abs., Isaiah 55:4; less necessarily Isaiah 53:3, Isaiah 53:4. In the broader or emphatic style, when one cons. would be followed by several gen., it is repeated before each. Genesis 24:3, God of heaven and God of earth; Genesis 11:29; Genesis 14:13, Joshua 24:2, though usage fluctuates, Genesis 14:22; Genesis 28:5, Exodus 3:6, Exodus 3:16 with Exodus 4:5, 1 Kings 18:36. There is nothing unusual in several gen. after one cons. Deuteronomy 5:19; Deuteronomy 8:8; Deuteronomy 32:19, Judges 1:7, Judges 1:9, Isaiah 1:11, Isaiah 1:28; Isaiah 37:3; Isaiah 64:10, Psalms 5:6, Proverbs 3:4. On the other hand Deuteronomy 8:7, Deuteronomy 8:15, &c., are ex. of loose rhetorical accumulation of terms. Cf. Deuteronomy 3:5, 1 Kings 4:13.
Rem. 5. Circumscription of the gen. is used: 1. When it is needful to preserve the indefiniteness of first word. 1 Samuel 16:18 ‏בֵּן לְיִשַׁי‎ a son of Jesse, 1 Samuel 17:8, 1 Kings 2:39, Genesis 41:12, Numbers 25:14, Son_8:1. Similarly the so-called ‏ל‎ of authorship, ‏מִזְמוֹר לְדָוִד‎ a psalm of D., or simply ‏לְדָוִד‎ by David. 2. When it is desired to retain for the first noun the somewhat greater distinctiveness given by the Art. Genesis 25:6; Genesis 29:9; Genesis 47:4, Judges 6:25, 1 Samuel 21:7, 1 Kings 4:2, 2 Kings 5:9, Psalms 116:15; Psalms 118:20. 3. When it is necessary to retain a definite designation or expression in its completeness. 1 Kings 15:23 ‏ספר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי יה׳‎ the book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah, 2 Kings 11:4 the centurions, Rth_2:3 ‏חֶלְקַת הַשָּׂדֶה לְבֹעַז‎ the field-portion (property) of Boaz, 2 Samuel 23:11 the field-portion (piece of country); cf. 2 Kings 9:25, Numbers 27:16; Numbers 30:2, Genesis 41:43, Joshua 19:51, 2 Samuel 2:8, 2 Chronicles 8:10. Sometimes also with words not declinable, as Teraphim Genesis 31:19. And in general to express the gen. relation of, belonging to, in consns. where the case could not be used. Amos 5:3 of, in, the house of Isr., 1 Kings 14:13, Jeremiah 22:4, Amos 9:1, Ezra 10:14, 1 Chronicles 3:1, 1 Chronicles 3:5; 1 Chronicles 7:5. 4. For the same reason the circumscription is usual in dates and with numerals. Genesis 7:11 in the 600 year ‏לְהַיֵּי נֹהַ‎ of the life of N., 1 Kings 3:18 ‏ביום השׁלישׁי לְּלִדְתִּי‎, Genesis 16:3, 1 Kings 14:25, and often. Cf. on dates, § 38c. The circums. occurs, however, without significance and gains in later style, Psalms 123:4, 1 Samuel 20:40, Jeremiah 12:12 ‏חרב לַֽיהוה‎ the sword of Jeremiah 5:1-31. The gen. suff. is circumscribed in the same way, perhaps with some emphasis. 1 Kings 1:33 ‏הַפִּרְדָּה אשׁר לִי‎ my mule; cf. 1 Kings 1:38, Rth_2:21, Lamentations 1:10, cf. Lamentations 3:44. So the curious ‏אשׁה לי‎ my wife (a w. of mine) 2 Chronicles 8:11. After suff. Son_1:6 ‏כרמי שֶׁלִּי‎ my own vineyard, Psalms 132:11, Psalms 132:12.
Rem. 6. A noun in appos. with a cons. is sometimes attracted into construction. 1 Samuel 28:7 ‏אֵשֶׁת בַּֽעַלַת אוב‎ a woman possessing an Ob. Isaiah 23:12; Isaiah 37:22 ‏בְּתוּלַת בת צ׳‎ the virgin, the daughter of Zion. Jeremiah 14:17, Deuteronomy 21:11. And sometimes a noun in cons. is suspended by being repeated before its gen., or by the interposition of a synonym in appos. Genesis 14:10 ‏בֶּֽאֱֶרוֹת בארות חמר‎ pits, pits of bitumen. Numbers 3:47, Deuteronomy 33:19, Judges 5:22; Judges 19:22, 2 Samuel 20:19, 2 Kings 10:6; 2 Kings 17:13 (Kere), Jeremiah 46:9 (if text right), Psalms 78:9, Job 20:17, Daniel 11:14 :1 Ki. Job 20:14 is different, and Psalms 35:16 obscure.