Notes

Notes

[←1]
That is, so precisely; exactly; or minutely. [←2]
Demanding or obscure. [←3]
That is, revealing or disclosing the meaning of. [←4]
Rare word for appellation  – where appellation is the name itself, and compellation is the giving of that name. [←5]
A tiny or scarcely detectable amount; a grammatical mark in Hebrew that can change the meaning of a word. [←6]
Victor Shepherd is Professor of Systematic and Historical Theology at Tyndale, teaching courses in the history and theology of the Sixteenth Century Reformation, and the spirituality of the Puritans. [←7]
Wisdom – the ability to apply knowledge, experience, understanding or common sense and insight. [←8]
John 6:45 "It is written in the prophets, ‘And they shall all be taught by God.’ Therefore everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to Me. [←9]
John 3:36 "He who believes in the Son has everlasting life; and he who does not believe the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abides on him." John 5:24 "Most assuredly, I say to you, he who hears My word and believes in Him who sent Me has everlasting life, and shall not come into judgment, but has passed from death into life. [←10]
Synecdoche refers to the whole by one of its parts. Referring to a car as “wheels” is a synecdoche. In a Metonymy, the word used to describe another thing is closely linked to it, but not a part of it. Using “Crown” to mean power or authority, is a metonymy. A Metaphor uses one thing to describe another; the better the metaphor is understood, the better what it describes is understood. “She was transformed, just as a caterpillar is transformed into a butterfly.” [←11]
1 Timothy 6:3 If anyone teaches otherwise and does not consent to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which accords with godliness, [←12]
i.e., “Doing good.” Because “well” is now an adverb only, “doing good” will be used in place of well-doing. [←13]
Meaning, it is to be practiced, visibly acted out. Php_2:12, “work out your own salvation with fear and trembling;” [←14]
Romans 3:31 Do we then make void the law through faith? Certainly not! On the contrary, we establish the law. Romans 6:1 What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? 2 Certainly not! How shall we who died to sin live any longer in it? [←15]
A principle of life is either a moral rule by which to live, or that essence within us that generates life. [←16]
Isaiah 10:20 But will depend on the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth. [←17]
John 6:35 And Jesus said to them, "I am the bread of life. He who comes to Me shall never hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst. [←18]
John 7:17 "If anyone wants to do His will, he shall know concerning the doctrine, whether it is from God or whether I speak on My own authority. John 8:31 Then Jesus said to those Jews who believed Him, "If you abide in My word, you are My disciples indeed."And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." 1 John 2:3 Now by this we know that we know Him, if we keep His commandments. [←19]
That is, certified or authenticated. [←20]
Science: knowledge by testing and experimentation; experiential knowledge. [←21]
A figure of speech by which the cause is put for the effect, or the subject for the Adjunct or contrariwise, the effect for the cause. The “White House” released its official report today. [←22]
Something added to another thing but not an essential part of it. [←23]
Something that is settled or resolved; the outcome of decision-making. Faith is a choice, and that choice is grounded in our belief that it is God speaking, promising, and declaring – and so our trust is first in Him. [←24]
DRA  Isaiah 10:20 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, and they that shall escape of the house of Jacob, shall lean no more upon him that strikes them: but they shall lean upon the Lord the Holy One of Israel, in truth. Proverbs 3:5 Trust in the LORD with all your heart, And lean not on your own understanding; DRA  Isaiah 50:10 Who is there among you that fears the Lord, that hears the voice of his servant, that has walked in darkness, and has no light? Let him hope in the name of the Lord, and lean upon his God. NET  Psalms 71:6 I have leaned on you since birth; you pulled me from my mother's womb. I praise you continually. Romans 10:11 For the Scripture says, "Whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame." [←25]
James 2:17 Thus also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead. [←26]
A failing or inability. [←27]
John 1:50 Jesus answered and said to him, "Because I said to you, ‘I saw you under the fig tree,’ do you believe? You will see greater things than these." [←28]
1 Corinthians 13:13 And now abide faith, hope, love, these three; but the greatest of these is love. [←29]
What we call anthropopathic. The Greek here is, anthros popatheia. [←30]
Exodus 33:19 Then He said, "I will make all My goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion." 20 But He said, "You cannot see My face; for no man shall see Me, and live." [←31]
The EFFICIENCY of God will be handled in chapter 6. [←32]
Romans 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while still uncircumcised, that he might be the father of all those who believe, though they are uncircumcised, that righteousness might be imputed to them also, [←33]
(Geneva Bible) Genesis 17:1 When Abram was ninety years old and nine, the Lord appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am God all sufficient: walk before me, and be upright—that is rendered “Almighty” in other translations. [←34]
Romans 4:20 He did not waver at the promise of God through unbelief, but was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God, [←35]
That is, the creatures (men) conceived the names for these attributes (they are man-made, and so they belong to man primarily). But the attributes of God themselves, to which these names apply, belong to God. [←36]
Inequality; presumably between the persons of the Godhead; the attributes of one are identical to those of the others. This is itself an attribute of God, indivisibility. [←37]
That is, in power. [←38]
That is, in reality. [←39]
Ratione ratiocinante, ratione Ratiocinata.  Human subjective conception of things, as distinct from God’s objective reality – it is what we only conceive is true, as distinct from God’s absolute knowledge of truth. [←40]
Doubtfully or ambiguously. [←41]
That is, one and the same thing, not only in nature, but in number. [←42]
Inclusion suggests a place not previously occupied by God, or which is a separate space in which to include him. A Sabbath invocation might imply that God was somehow not present before invoking him. It actually invokes, not God’s presence, but God’s ever-present Spirit to fill us with power and grace, that we may worship rightly. [←43]
One of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind. [←44]
Apart from anything else; without additions or modifications. [←45]
That is, the three Persons of the Godhead have only one will. When Christ says in the Garden, “Not my will but yours,” (Luke 22:42) it is said in his human, not his divine nature – submitting that will to the other in him, so there would be no inconsistency in himself as to Father’s decree; hence our instruction in Romans 8:14, James 4:7. [←46]
The state of existing in reality; having substance. The Nicene Creed describes Jesus as being homooúsios with God the Father—that is, they are of the "same substance," of one essence (ousia), and are equally God. [←47]
“of itself” – that is, each Person is of the one Deity, and of the same substance together. [←48]
Here Ames begins to distinguish the Persons of the Godhead. Though having an identical subsistence, each person has its own identity (its personhood) within that subsistence, which is not confused with the others. [←49]
“growing together” here means merged, or co-existing together as one – it does not mean they were somehow separate and apart and then grew together. [←50]
Here is the Filioque of the Council of Constantinople (361) that the Son proceeds from the Father (“sent his only begotten son”), and the Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son (“the Father will send”; “I will send”). [←51]
Refraining or limiting. [←52]
Issuing. [←53]
2 Corinthians 13:14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all. [←54]
His working power. [←55]
In general custom; i.e. generally, or customarily. [←56]
An argument. [←57]
James 1:17 Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and comes down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow of turning. [←58]
Mark 10:27 But Jesus looked at them and said, "With men it is impossible, but not with God; for with God all things are possible." Ephesians 3:20 Now to Him who is able to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think, [←59]
Psalms 115:3 But our God is in heaven; He does whatever He pleases. Psalms 135:6 Whatever the LORD pleases He does, In heaven and on earth, In the seas and in all deep places. Ephesians 3:11 according to the eternal purpose which He accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord, [←60]
Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with God. 3 All things were made through Him, and without Him nothing was made that was made. [←61]
Titus 3:5 ...not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit; [←62]
1 Corinthians 12:4 There are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. 1 Corinthians 12:11 But one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each one individually as He wills. [←63]
Genesis 1:31 Then God saw everything that He had made, and indeed it was very good. [←64]
That is, the relation of a work to a particular person – it ‘terminates’ in him. [←65]
1 Peter 1:2 elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace be multiplied. [←66]
Geneva Bible; all other translations read, “But the LORD is the true God.” Yet see Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalms 31:5; Isaiah 65:16. [←67]
1 Corinthians 2:7 But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, the hidden wisdom which God ordained before the ages for our glory; Acts 15:18 "Known to God from eternity are all His works.” [←68]
Ephesians 1:11 In Him also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestined according to the purpose of Him who works all things according to the counsel of His will; Acts 4:27-28 "For truly against Your holy Servant Jesus, whom You anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, were gathered together "to do whatever Your hand and Your purpose determined before to be done. [←69]
That is, the deliberation and judgment of men depend upon making an inquiry, gathering facts, weighing options, choosing outcomes and means, etc. God does not deliberate in such a fashion. Rather, God is deliberate. [←70]
An inventor or creative personality; the first to think of or make something by crafting it. [←71]
Hebrews 11:3 By faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible. [←72]
Able to be imitated. Man is made in the image of God (Genesis 1:27); but man is a creature. Even so, he receives the “communicable attributes” of God, not in their perfection, but as reflections of some aspects of God’s nature. Such characteristics combine to form the “image” of man’s nature, which reflects the “image” of God’s nature. [←73]
A form or image of a thing in a man’s mind. [←74]
That is, Arminianism, in which God foresees a man’s future merits, or faith, before electing him to salvation. This makes God react to, or be “impressed by”, man’s actions, rather than causing or “expressing” them. Such a concept makes God dependent on the independent actions of men in order to exercise His will. (Acts 17:25-29) [←75]
The essence or being of a thing that makes it the kind of thing it is, and makes it different from any other. [←76]
God’s absolute knowledge. [←77]
Considered individually. [←78]
Science is knowledge. [←79]
The power to foresee the future. [←80]
Wisdom. [←81]
Hebrews 11:10 for he waited for the city which has foundations, whose builder and maker is God. [←82]
To make the subject of dispute, or contention. [←83]
i.e., man “partakes” only of that freedom which operates within the bounds of God’s will, Romans 9:19. [←84]
Going before. [←85]
Joining before. [←86]
Or Scholastics – A School of critical thinking that began in the 12th century. The Schoolmen placed a strong emphasis on dialectical reasoning and argumentation. It often takes the form of explicit disputation: a topic is drawn from a tradition, and then presented in the form of a question; the opponent’s responses are given, and a counterproposal is argued, in which the opponent’s arguments are rebutted. The Schoolmen strived to reconcile Christian theology as a whole with classical philosophy, especially that of Plato and Aristotle; but also Neoplatonism. Ames is addressing the Neo-Plationist doctrine that the first principle and source of reality transcends being and thought, and is naturally unknowable. The Schoolmen included Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Bonaventure, and Thomas Aquinas. [←87]
A touching, connection, or contact between things. Ames uses “passive attingency” to mean the efficacy of the will of God upon one thing, causing another thing. [←88]
That is, it isn ‘t a consequential event dependent on man’s will, but a sequential event awaiting man’s will. [←89]
James 4:13-15 Come now, you who say, "Today or tomorrow we will go to such and such a city, spend a year there, buy and sell, and make a profit"; whereas you do not know what will happen tomorrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapor that appears for a little time and then vanishes away. Instead you ought to say, "If the Lord wills, we shall live and do this or that." [←90]
Psalms 2:12 Kiss the Son, lest He be angry, And you perish in the way, When His wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all those who put their trust in Him. Psalms 110:4 The LORD has sworn And will not relent, "You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek." Psalms 40:7-8 Then I said, "Behold, I come; In the scroll of the book it is written of me. I delight to do Your will, O my God, And Your law is within my heart." I have proclaimed the good news of righteousness In the great assembly; Indeed, I do not restrain my lips, O LORD, You Yourself know. Hebrews 7:15-16 And it is yet far more evident if, in the likeness of Melchizedek, there arises another priest who has come, not according to the law of a fleshly commandment, but according to the power of an endless life. Hebrews 7:21 (for they have become priests without an oath, but He with an oath by Him who said to Him: "The LORD has sworn And will not relent, ‘You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek ' "); Ephesians 5:25 Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church and gave Himself for her; 2 Timothy 1:9 who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace which was given to us in Christ Jesus before time began; [←91]
Psalms 33:15 He fashions their hearts individually; He considers all their works. [←92]
1 Samuel 10:9 So it was, when he had turned his back to go from Samuel, that God gave him another heart; and all those signs came to pass that day. 1 Samuel 10:26 And Saul also went home to Gibeah; and valiant men went with him, whose hearts God had touched. [←93]
Proverbs 21:1 The king’s heart is in the hand of the LORD, Like the rivers of water; He turns it wherever He wishes. [←94]
Exodus 21:13 "However, if he did not lie in wait, but God delivered him into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place where he may flee. [←95]
Proverbs 16:33 The lot is cast into the lap, But its every decision is from the LORD. [←96]
Isaiah 45:7 I form the light and create darkness, I make peace and create calamity; I, the LORD, do all these things.’ [←97]
Jeremiah 14:22 Are there any among the idols of the nations that can cause rain? Or can the heavens give showers? Are You not He, O LORD our God? Therefore we will wait for You, Since You have made all these. [←98]
Willing all things (from volition – the ability to consciously make a choice or decision). [←99]
Psalms 34:20 He guards all his bones; Not one of them is broken. John 19:36 For these things were done that the Scripture should be fulfilled, "Not one of His bones shall be broken." [←100]
Deuteronomy 29:29 "The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but those things which are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law. [←101]
From William de Montibus ‘ work Versarius, a compilation of mnemonic verses. [←102]
Passing away in reality. [←103]
Passing away only in power, while its existence continues. [←104]
Creatures here refers both to animate and inanimate creations of God, who is Creator of all things. [←105]
Revelation 4:11 "You are worthy, O Lord, To receive glory and honor and power; For You created all things, And by Your will they exist and were created." Psalms 115:3 our God is in heaven; He does whatever He pleases. [←106]
Genesis 1:5 So the evening and the morning were the first day. [←107]
1 Timothy 4:4 For every creature of God is good, and nothing is to be refused if it is received with thanksgiving; [←108]
And where it does not fit that use, it is perverse – it deviates from its intended use. [←109]
Isaiah 48:13 Indeed My hand has laid the foundation of the earth, And My right hand has stretched out the heavens; When I call to them, They stand up together. [←110]
Psalms 19:1 The heavens declare the glory of God; And the firmament shows His handiwork. [←111]
Romans 1:20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse; Acts 17:26-27 "And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings, "so that they should seek the Lord, in the hope that they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us; [←112]
1 Corinthians 10:31 Therefore, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God. 1 Timothy 4:3-4 forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from foods which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. For every creature of God is good, and nothing is to be refused if it is received with thanksgiving; [←113]
Genesis 1:22 And God blessed them, saying, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth." [←114]
Romans 4:17-18 (as it is written, "I have made you a father of many nations ") in the presence of Him whom he believed — God, who gives life to the dead and calls those things which do not exist as though they did; who, contrary to hope, in hope believed, so that he became the father of many nations, according to what was spoken, "So shall your descendants be." [←115]
In progression: Psalms 33:6 By the word of the LORD the heavens were made, And all the host of them by the breath of His mouth. Hebrews 11:33 faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible. Genesis 2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being. Genesis 2:191 Out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and brought them to Adam to see what he would call them. And whatever Adam called each living creature, that was its name. Genesis 2:22 Then the rib which the LORD God had taken from man He made into a woman, and He brought her to the man. [←116]
1 Corinthians 2:7-9 But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, the hidden wisdom which God ordained before the ages for our glory, which none of the rulers of this age knew; for had they known, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. But as it is written: "Eye has not seen, nor ear heard, Nor have entered into the heart of man The things which God has prepared for those who love Him." Mark 12:23 "Therefore, in the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife will she be? For all seven had her as wife." 1 Corinthians 13:12 For now we see in a mirror, dimly, but then face to face. Now I know in part, but then I shall know just as I also am known. [←117]
Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens [Heb. shamayim (pl.), heaven, heavens, or sky] and the earth – “heaven and earth” (KJV, GNV, DRA). Hebrews 11:10 for he waited for the city which has foundations, whose builder and maker is God. Hebrews 11:16 But now they desire a better, that is, a heavenly country. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for He has prepared a city for them. [←118]
Colossians 1:16 For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. All things were created through Him and for Him. Psalms 148:4-5 Praise Him, you heavens of heavens, And you waters above the heavens! Let them praise the name of the LORD, For He commanded and they were created. [←119]
Job 38:7 When the morning stars sang together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy? [←120]
Hebrews 1:14 Are they not all ministering spirits sent forth to minister for those who will inherit salvation? Luke 24:39 "Behold My hands and My feet, that it is I Myself. Handle Me and see, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see I have." [←121]
Hebrews 1:7 And of the angels He says: "Who makes His angels spirits And His ministers a flame of fire." Luke 20:36 "nor can they die anymore, for they are equal to the angels and are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection. [←122]
Revelation 4:6; Revelation 4:8. [←123]
Psalms 103:20 Bless the LORD, you His angels, Who excel in strength, who do His word, Heeding the voice of His word. [←124]
2 Peter 2:11 whereas angels, who are greater in power and might, do not bring a reviling accusation against them before the Lord. [←125]
Ezekiel 1:6 Each one had four faces, and each one had four wings. Also, Daniel 9:21 while I was speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, reached me about the time of the evening offering. [←126]
Psalms 91:11 For He shall give His angels charge over you, To keep you in all your ways. 7 Psalms 34:7 The angel of the LORD encamps all around those who fear Him, And delivers them. [←127]
Luke 9:26 "For whoever is ashamed of Me and My words, of him the Son of Man will be ashamed when He comes in His own glory, and in His Father’s, and of the holy angels. John 8:44 "You are of your father the devil, and the desires of your father you want to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. Jude 1:6 And the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own abode, He has reserved in everlasting chains under darkness for the judgment of the great day; 2 Peter 2:4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for judgment; [←128]
Daniel 7:10 A fiery stream issued And came forth from before Him. A thousand thousands ministered to Him; Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before Him. The court was seated, And the books were opened. Hebrews 12:22 But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, to an innumerable company of angels; Matthew 26:53 "Or do you think that I cannot now pray to My Father, and He will provide Me with more than twelve legions of angels? [←129]
Ephesians 1:21 far above all principality and power and might and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this age but also in that which is to come. Also, Luke 1:19 And the angel answered and said to him, "I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God, and was sent to speak to you and bring you these glad tidings. Jude 1:9 Yet Michael the archangel, in contending with the devil, when he disputed about the body of Moses, dared not bring against him a reviling accusation, but said, "The Lord rebuke you!" [←130]
Psalms 91:11; Joshua 5:14; Matthew 13:41; Matthew 24:31. Also, all references to the Lord of Hosts. [←131]
That is, rudimentary, or initial and unrefined. [←132]
Genesis 1:2. [←133]
Psalms 33:9 For He spoke, and it was done; He commanded, and it stood fast. [←134]
His approval. [←135]
Genesis 1:10; Genesis 1:12; Genesis 1:18; Genesis 1:21; Genesis 1:25. [←136]
Psalms 19:1 The heavens declare the glory of God; And the firmament shows His handiwork. [←137]
Jeremiah 10:12 He has made the earth by His power, He has established the world by His wisdom, And has stretched out the heavens at His discretion. Also 51.15. [←138]
This clarifies Ames ‘ statement in 54 above. The Hebrew word here for made, “asah,” means to fashion, as distinct from the word for create, “bara,” which is used in Genesis 1:1. Ames equates the two. After God created the heavens and the earth (Genesis 1:1), Scripture then describes creation from an earth-centric viewpoint. And so others (e.g. J. Gill) have said that on the fourth day, the “luminaries” were seen from the earth; they were fashioned, or given their function, in relation to the earth, rather than given their existence (Genesis 1:16, “made... to rule”). They are used or made for night and day, seasons and years, and “to give light on the earth” (Genesis 1:14-15). Ames would not have agreed. [←139]
Colossians 1:15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. Hebrews 1:3 who being the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person, and upholding all things by the word of His power, when He had by Himself purged our sins, sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high; [←140]
That is, man was not deprived of perfection. Rather, being a creature, he was necessarily less perfect than his Creator. And as a consequence of man’s sin, God’s image in him was negatively marred or broken. [←141]
Genesis 2:25 And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed. Romans 6:13 And do not present your members as instruments of unrighteousness to sin, but present yourselves to God as being alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness to God. [←142]
Ephesians 4:24 and that you put on the new man which was created according to God, in true righteousness and holiness. Colossians 3:10 and have put on the new man who is renewed in knowledge according to the image of Him who created him; [←143]
Genesis 1:26 Then God said, "Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." Genesis 2:19-20 Out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and brought them to Adam to see what he would call them. And whatever Adam called each living creature, that was its name. So Adam gave names to all cattle, to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field. But for Adam there was not found a helper comparable to him. [←144]
Genesis 2:5 before any plant of the field was in the earth and before any herb of the field had grown. For the LORD God had not caused it to rain on the earth, and there was no man to till the ground; [←145]
Genesis 2:15 Then the LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to tend and keep it. [←146]
1 Corinthians 11:8-9 For man is not from woman, but woman from man. Nor was man created for the woman, but woman for the man. [←147]
2 Corinthians 4:6 For it is the God who commanded light to shine out of darkness, who has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. [←148]
Ephesians 1:11 In Him also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestined according to the purpose of Him who works all things according to the counsel of His will; [←149]
Psalms 145:15-16 The eyes of all look expectantly to You, And You give them their food in due season. You open Your hand And satisfy the desire of every living thing. Proverbs 16:9 A man’s heart plans his way, But the LORD directs his steps. Proverbs 16:33 The lot is cast into the lap, But its every decision is from the LORD. Exodus 21:13 "However, if he did not lie in wait, but God delivered him into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place where he may flee. [←150]
Deuteronomy 8:3 "So He humbled you, allowed you to hunger, and fed you with manna which you did not know nor did your fathers know, that He might make you know that man shall not live by bread alone; but man lives by every word that proceeds from the mouth of the LORD. Isaiah 28:26 For He instructs him in right judgment, His God teaches him. [←151]
Acts 17:28 "for in Him we live and move and have our being; [←152]
1 Samuel 14:6 Then Jonathan said to the young man who bore his armor, "Come, let us go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised; it may be that the LORD will work for us. For nothing restrains the LORD from saving by many or by few." [←153]
1 Corinthians 1:27-28 But God has chosen the foolish things of the world to put to shame the wise, and God has chosen the weak things of the world to put to shame the things which are mighty; and the base things of the world and the things which are despised God has chosen, and the things which are not, to bring to nothing the things that are; Amos 5:9 He rains ruin upon the strong, So that fury comes upon the fortress. 2 Chronicles 24:24 For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men; but the LORD delivered a very great army into their hand, because they had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. So they executed judgment against Joash. [←154]
Psalms 33:16 No king is saved by the multitude of an army; A mighty man is not delivered by great strength. Psalms 127:1-2 Unless the LORD builds the house, They labor in vain who build it; Unless the LORD guards the city, The watchman stays awake in vain. It is vain for you to rise up early, To sit up late, To eat the bread of sorrows; For so He gives His beloved sleep. Hosea 4:10 For they shall eat, but not have enough; They shall commit harlotry, but not increase; Because they have ceased obeying the LORD. [←155]
This is from the Geneva Bible. The NKJ version reads, "It shall come to pass in that day That I will answer," says the LORD; "I will answer the heavens, And they shall answer the earth. The earth shall answer With grain, With new wine, And with oil; They shall answer Jezreel. [←156]
John 10:37-38 "If I do not do the works of My Father, do not believe Me; but if I do, though you do not believe Me, believe the works, that you may know and believe that the Father is in Me, and I in Him." [←157]
Preventing loss, injury, or other change. [←158]
The act of governing or ruling. [←159]
Psalms 104:19-20 He appointed the moon for seasons; The sun knows its going down. You make darkness, and it is night, In which all the beasts of the forest creep about. Acts 17:28 "for in Him we live and move and have our being, as also some of your own poets have said, ‘For we are also His offspring.’ Hebrews 1:3 who being the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person, and upholding all things by the word of His power, when He had by Himself purged our sins, sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high; [←160]
Genesis 50:20 "But as for you, you meant evil against me; but God meant it for good, in order to bring it about as it is this day, to save many people alive. [←161]
Originally spelled “Mise” but translated “rock badger” in the NKJV. In Greek, χοιρογρύλλιοι, Hebrew שְׁ֭פַנִּים . [←162]
Proverbs 30:25-28 The ants are a people not strong, Yet they prepare their food in the summer; The rock badgers are a feeble folk, Yet they make their homes in the crags; The locusts have no king, Yet they all advance in ranks; The spider skillfully grasps with its hands, And it is in kings ‘ palaces. [←163]
Ezekiel 21:21-22 "For the king of Babylon stands at the parting of the road, at the fork of the two roads, to use divination: he shakes the arrows, he consults the images, he looks at the liver. "In his right hand is the divination for Jerusalem: to set up battering rams, to call for a slaughter, to lift the voice with shouting, to set battering rams against the gates, to heap up a siege mound, and to build a wall. NKJ  2 Samuel 16:10 But the king said, "What have I to do with you, you sons of Zeruiah? So let him curse, because the LORD has said to him, ‘Curse David.’ Who then shall say, ‘Why have you done so? ‘" [←164]
Job 1:12 And the LORD said to Satan, "Behold, all that he has is in your power; only do not lay a hand on his person." So Satan went out from the presence of the LORD. Job 2:6 And the LORD said to Satan, "Behold, he is in your hand, but spare his life." Job 38:10 When I fixed My limit for it, And set bars and doors; [←165]
Genesis 50:20 "But as for you, you meant evil against me; but God meant it for good, in order to bring it about as it is this day, to save many people alive. [←166]
Reasoning creatures: men and angels. [←167]
Deuteronomy 26:16-19 "This day the LORD your God commands you to observe these statutes and judgments; therefore you shall be careful to observe them with all your heart and with all your soul. "Today you have proclaimed the LORD to be your God, and that you will walk in His ways and keep His statutes, His commandments, and His judgments, and that you will obey His voice. "Also today the LORD has proclaimed you to be His special people, just as He promised you, that you should keep all His commandments, "and that He will set you high above all nations which He has made, in praise, in name, and in honor, and that you may be a holy people to the LORD your God, just as He has spoken." [←168]
Deuteronomy 8:17-18 "then you say in your heart, ‘My power and the might of my hand have gained me this wealth.’ "And you shall remember the LORD your God, for it is He who gives you power to get wealth, that He may establish His covenant which He swore to your fathers, as it is this day. [←169]
The Ten Commandments, Exodus 20:1-17. [←170]
Matthew 22:30 "For in the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels of God in heaven. [←171]
Jude 1:6 And the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own abode, He has reserved in everlasting chains under darkness for the judgment of the great day; 2 Peter 2:4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for judgment; [←172]
Luke 8:2 and certain women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities — Mary called Magdalene, out of whom had come seven demons, Luke 9:42 And as he was still coming, the demon threw him down and convulsed him. Then Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, healed the child, and gave him back to his father. [←173]
Ames states the doctrine of his day. A distinction should be drawn between Satan’s ejection from heaven, and his defeat (Revelation 20:3). Satan wandered the earth in Job 1:6-7; yet Jude 1:6 and 2 Peter 2:4 indicate the fallen angels, who presumably fell after Satan, were chained in hell’s darkness pending Judgment. Also, in Luke 10:18, Jesus says, “I saw Satan fall from heaven like lightning,” as if it was a current event. This is affirmed in Revelation 12:10 : Then I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, "Now salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of His Christ have come, for the accuser of our brethren, who accused them before our God day and night, has been cast down.” [←174]
Matthew 25:41 "Then He will also say to those on the left hand, ‘Depart from Me, you cursed, into the everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels: 1 Corinthians 6:3 Do you not know that we shall judge angels? How much more, things that pertain to this life? [←175]
An aspect of the conscience by which one judges right from wrong and decides on good conduct. It’s taken from the Latin writings of Thomas Aquinas, and from the Greek συντήρησις (suntērēsis, “careful watching”). But Ames defines it as, “That part of the understanding in which we keep several notions.” [←176]
Romans 2:15 who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and between themselves their thoughts accusing or else excusing them. [←177]
Physical life. [←178]
That is, things which affect one or more of the five senses (touch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight). [←179]
Acts 17:26 "And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings; Romans 5:18-19 Therefore, as through one man’s offense judgment came to all men, resulting in condemnation, even so through one Man’s righteous act the free gift came to all men, resulting in justification of life. For as by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners, so also by one Man’s obedience many will be made righteous. 1 Corinthians 15:21 For since by man came death, by Man also came the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ all shall be made alive. [←180]
Genesis 2:16-17 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, "Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat; "but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die." Luke 10:27-28  So he answered and said, " ‘You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind,’ and ‘your Neighbour as yourself.’" And [Jesus] said to him, "You have answered rightly; do this and you will live." [←181]
Apostasis (apostasy or falling away), 2 Thessalonians 2:3; and apokatastasis (restoration to a former state), Acts 3:21. [←182]
There is no generation of Angels, one from another, as in there is in human procreation (Matthew 22:30). [←183]
Matthew 5:28 ...whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. [←184]
That is, by exalting her own understanding above God’s (contra Proverbs 3:5, Lean not on your own understanding). [←185]
Helping: furnishing added support; ancillary or contributing causes. [←186]
Ecclesiastes 7:29 Truly, this only I have found: That God made man upright, But they have sought out many schemes." Ecclesiastes 7:20 For there is not a just man on earth who does good And does not sin. [←187]
Isaiah 14:12-14 "How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How you are cut down to the ground, You who weakened the nations! For you have said in your heart:`I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God; I will also sit on the mount of the congregation On the farthest sides of the north; I will ascend above the heights of the clouds, I will be like the Most High.' [←188]
An affection becomes sinful when it supplants a higher affection (e.g. glorifying self over glorifying God). [←189]
Matthew 4:3 Now when the tempter came to Him, he said, "If You are the Son of God, command that these stones become bread." [←190]
Ames is not denying that the Devil tempts; he is describing the method by which he tempts: using a false argument. [←191]
Cunning, subterfuge, or artful deceit. [←192]
1 Timothy 2:14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived, fell into transgression. [←193]
Genesis 3:6 “So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree desirable to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate. She also gave to her husband with her, and he ate.” The phrase “with her” is in the Hebrew and LXX, and most translations. Of the primary translations, it is missing only in the DRA (Douay-Rheims); even so, the meaning is ambiguous as to when Adam was with her. [←194]
.The threat or decree of divine punishment. [←195]
That is, pride. [←196]
Genesis 3:4 “You will not surely die.” [←197]
Revelation 12:9 So the great dragon was cast out, that serpent of old, called the Devil and Satan, who deceives the whole world; he was cast to the earth, and his angels were cast out with him. John 8:44 "You are of your father the devil, and the desires of your father you want to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own resources, for he is a liar and the father of it. Revelation 20:10 The devil, who deceived them, was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone where the beast and the false prophet are. And they will be tormented day and night forever and ever. [←198]
As indicated in thesis 26, testing God is seeing if God will be faithful to His Word and His Justice. It is forbidden in Deuteronomy 6:16, which Jesus quoted in Matthew 4:7. And yet God invites it in Malachi 3:10, regarding the blessing of obedience. [←199]
1 Corinthians 15:45; 1 Corinthians 15:47. [←200]
Leviticus 5:5-6 ‘And it shall be, when he is guilty in any of these matters, that he shall confess that he has sinned in that thing; ‘and he shall bring his trespass offering to the LORD for his sin which he has committed, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats as a sin offering. So the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin. (the original citation was Leviticus 5:2-5) [←201]
Romans 3:9 What then? Are we better than they? Not at all. For we have previously charged both Jews and Greeks that they are all under sin. Romans 3:19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God. [←202]
1 Corinthians 15:17 And if Christ is not risen, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins! [←203]
Either vicious (of a vice deserving punishment), or vitiating (making corrupt or imperfect; polluting). We carry in us not only the sin itself, but the guilt of sin which the Law imposes on it. [←204]
Romans 1:32 ...knowing the righteous judgment of God, that those who practice such things are deserving of death, not only do the same but also approve of those who practice them. [←205]
Genesis 3:8 And they heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden... Genesis 3:10 So he said, "I heard Your voice in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked; and I hid myself." Hebrews 2:15 ...and release those who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. Romans 8:15 For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, "Abba, Father." [←206]
Matthew 15:11 "Not what goes into the mouth defiles a man; but what comes out of the mouth, this defiles a man." Revelation 22:11 "He who is unjust, let him be unjust still; he who is filthy, let him be filthy still; he who is righteous, let him be righteous still; he who is holy, let him be holy still." [←207]
Isaiah 1:15 When you spread out your hands, I will hide My eyes from you; Even though you make many prayers, I will not hear. Your hands are full of blood. [←208]
More likely, Ezekiel 5:11 ‘Therefore, as I live,’ says the Lord GOD,’surely, because you have defiled My sanctuary with all your detestable things and with all your abominations, therefore I will also diminish you; My eye will not spare, nor will I have any pity. [←209]
Proverbs 21:7 The violence of the wicked will destroy them, Because they refuse to do justice. Jeremiah 16:18 "And first I will repay double for their iniquity and their sin, because they have defiled My land; they have filled My inheritance with the carcasses of their detestable and abominable idols." [←210]
Genesis 3:7 Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves coverings. [←211]
Original wording, “of an honest good, as it is honest, as sin is;” The word “honest” there means gained or earned, as in an “honest wage” – the wages of sin is death, Romans 6:23. And so “earned” is substituted for “honest.” [←212]
Desert - that which is deserved or merited; a just punishment or reward. [←213]
See page [51], number 21. [←214]
There can be no sin where there is no mens rea (guilty mind); it requires being able to discern right from wrong (Hebrews 5:14), and willfully choosing the wrong. Thus moral law is applicable only to human beings. [←215]
Sin is a form of disorderliness; it is an inappropriate and unacceptable response to the order of God’s Law. [←216]
Romans 3:8 And why not say, "Let us do evil that good may come "? – as we are slanderously reported and as some affirm that we say. Their condemnation is just. [←217]
Isaiah 6:3 And one cried to another and said: "Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; The whole earth is full of His glory!" Revelation 4:8 ...And they do not rest day or night, saying: "Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, Who was and is and is to come!" [←218]
Fitting or appropriate and deserved; used especially of punishment. [←219]
2 Peter 3:9 The Lord is not slack concerning His promise, as some count slackness, but is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance. [←220]
Exodus 34:6 And the LORD passed before him and proclaimed, "The LORD, the LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abounding in goodness and truth, [←221]
Matthew 5:45 "...He makes His sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust. [←222]
Genesis 3:22-24 Then the LORD God said, "Behold, the man has become like one of Us, to know good and evil. And now, lest he put out his hand and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever " — therefore the LORD God sent him out of the garden of Eden to till the ground from which he was taken. So He drove out the man; and He placed cherubim at the east of the Garden of Eden, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to guard the way to the tree of life. [←223]
That is, bodily death. [←224]
Acts 26:18 ‘to open their eyes, in order to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in Me.’ 2 Corinthians 4:4 whose minds the god of this age has blinded, who do not believe, lest the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine on them. John 12:31 "Now is the judgment of this world; now the ruler of this world will be cast out. John 16:11 "of judgment, because the ruler of this world is judged. 2 Timothy 2:26 and that they may come to their senses and escape the snare of the devil, having been taken captive by him to do his will. Ephesians 2:2 in which you once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit who now works in the sons of disobedience, [←225]
Php_3:19 whose end is destruction, whose god is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame — who set their mind on earthly things. 1 John 4:5 They are of the world. Therefore they speak as of the world, and the world hears them. 1 John 2:15 Do not love the world or the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. 16 For all that is in the world — the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life — is not of the Father but is of the world. [←226]
Romans 6:16-17 Do you not know that to whom you present yourselves slaves to obey, you are that one’s slaves whom you obey, whether of sin leading to death, or of obedience leading to righteousness? But God be thanked that though you were slaves of sin, yet you obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine to which you were delivered. Romans 6:19-20 I speak in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just as you presented your members as slaves of uncleanness, and of lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves of righteousness for holiness. For when you were slaves of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness. [←227]
Romans 1:25 ...who exchanged the truth of God for the lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator. Romans 5:16 And the gift is not like that which came through the one who sinned. For the judgment which came from one offense resulted in condemnation, but the free gift which came from many offenses resulted in justification. [←228]
Marked by extreme excess. [←229]
Of the same nature throughout. [←230]
Genesis 6:5 Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. [←231]
Romans 8:5-7 For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. For to be carnally minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be. [←232]
Titus 1:15 To the pure all things are pure, but to those who are defiled and unbelieving nothing is pure; but even their mind and conscience are defiled. [←233]
Genesis 8:21 And the LORD smelled a soothing aroma. Then the LORD said in His heart, "I will never again curse the ground for man’s sake, although the imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth; nor will I again destroy every living thing as I have done. [←234]
Romans 1:24 Therefore God also gave them up to uncleanness, in the lusts of their hearts, to dishonor their bodies among themselves; [←235]
Romans 6:19 I speak in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just as you presented your members as slaves of uncleanness, and of lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves of righteousness for holiness. [←236]
Depravity - Moral perversion; impairment of virtue and moral principles. [←237]
Romans 6:12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body, that you should obey it in its lusts. Romans 7:7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Certainly not! On the contrary, I would not have known sin except through the law. For I would not have known covetousness unless the law had said, "You shall not covet." [←238]
Romans 7:8; Romans 7:20 But sin, taking opportunity by the commandment, produced in me all manner of evil desire. For apart from the law, sin (harmartia) was dead... Now if I do what I will not to do, it is no longer I who do it, but sin (hamartia) that dwells in me. [←239]
Romans 7:23 But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. [←240]
Romans 7:17 But now, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells in me. Romans 7:20-21 Now if I do what I will not to do, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells in me. I find then a law, that evil is present with me, the one who wills to do good. Hebrews 12:1 Therefore we also, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which so easily ensnares us, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us; [←241]
Jeremiah 2:13 "For My people have committed two evils: They have forsaken Me, the fountain of living waters, And hewn themselves cisterns – broken cisterns that can hold no water. [←242]
Romans 7:14 For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am carnal, sold under sin. 2 Corinthians 3:5 Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think of anything as being from ourselves, but our sufficiency is from God; John 8:34 Jesus answered them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, whoever commits sin is a slave of sin. 2 Peter 2:19 While they promise them liberty, they themselves are slaves of corruption; for by whom a person is overcome, by him also he is brought into bondage. Romans 6:16 Do you not know that to whom you present yourselves slaves to obey, you are that one’s slaves whom you obey, whether of sin leading to death, or of obedience leading to righteousness? [←243]
Original Sin (Chapter XIII) was defined as an exhorbitance of man’s whole nature, not just his action. [←244]
The term “fomes peccati” is from Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae 3, 27, 3. He writes: “The fomes is nothing but a certain inordinate, but habitual, concupiscence of the sensitive appetite. for actual concupiscence is a sinful motion. Now sensual concupiscence is said to be inordinate, in so far as it rebels against reason; and this it does by inclining to evil, or hindering from good. Consequently it is essential to the fomes to incline to evil, or hinder from good." [←245]
James 2:10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one point, he is guilty of all. 1 Timothy 6:9 But those who desire to be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and harmful lusts which drown men in destruction and perdition. [←246]
KJV and GNV. Ezekiel 5:6’she has rebelled against My judgments by doing wickedness more than the nations, and against My statutes more than the countries that are all around her; for they have refused My judgments, and they have not walked in My statutes.’ [←247]
Matthew 11:22-24 "But I say to you, it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than for you. "And you, Capernaum, who are exalted to heaven, will be brought down to Hades; for if the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. "But I say to you that it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for you." [←248]
Numbers 12:14 Then the LORD said to Moses, "If her father had but spit in her face, would she not be shamed seven days? Let her be shut out of the camp seven days, and afterward she may be received again." [←249]
Exodus 22:16 "If a man entices a virgin who is not betrothed, and lies with her, he shall surely pay the bride-price for her to be his wife. Leviticus 20:10 ‘The man who commits adultery with another man’s wife, he who commits adultery with his Neighbour’s wife, the adulterer and the adulteress, shall surely be put to death. NAU  Leviticus 20:12 ‘If there is a man who lies with his daughter-in-law, both of them shall surely be put to death; they have committed incest, their bloodguiltiness is upon them. [←250]
Withdrawing. [←251]
Deuteronomy 4:2 "You shall not add to the word which I command you, nor take from it, that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you. Deuteronomy 12:32 "Whatever I command you, be careful to observe it; you shall not add to it nor take away from it. Revelation 22:18-19 For I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds to these things, God will add to him the plagues that are written in this book; and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the Book of Life, from the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. [←252]
Isaiah 29:13; Isaiah 29:15 Therefore the Lord said: "Inasmuch as these people draw near with their mouths And honor Me with their lips, But have removed their hearts far from Me, And their fear toward Me is taught by the commandment of men; Matthew 5:28 "But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. Matthew 15:19 "For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies. [←253]
Luke 15:18 `I will arise and go to my father, and will say to him, "Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you, 1 Samuel 2:25 "If one man sins against another, God will judge him. But if a man sins against the LORD, who will intercede for him?" [←254]
The conscience, from repeated sin, falls into a false sense of being free from danger or injury, anxiety or fear. [←255]
Hebrews 3:13 but exhort one another daily, while it is called "Today," lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin. [←256]
A person with dark skin, especially (but not necessarily) one from northern Africa. Rendered “Ethiopian” in modern translations; literally Cushite, from the land of Cush—modern Sudan and Ethiopia. [←257]
Hebrews 10:26-27 For if we sin willfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, but a certain fearful expectation of judgment, and fiery indignation which will devour the adversaries. Genesis 4:13 And Cain said to the LORD, "My punishment is greater than I can bear! [←258]
1 John 3:9 Whoever has been born of God does not [actively make] sin (n.), for His seed remains in him; and he cannot sin [i.e. he is unable to continually sin], because he has been born of God. [←259]
Romans 1:20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse; Psalms 19:2-3 Day unto day utters speech, And night unto night reveals knowledge. There is no speech nor language Where their voice is not heard. [←260]
Deuteronomy 28:21 "The LORD will make the plague cling to you until He has consumed you from the land which you are going to possess. Deuteronomy 28:27 "The LORD will strike you with the boils of Egypt, with tumors, with the scab, and with the itch, from which you cannot be healed. Deuteronomy 28:35 "The LORD will strike you in the knees and on the legs with severe boils which cannot be healed, and from the sole of your foot to the top of your head. 1 Corinthians 11:30 For this reason many are weak and sick among you, and many sleep. Matthew 9:2 Then behold, they brought to Him a paralytic lying on a bed. When Jesus saw their faith, He said to the paralytic, "Son, be of good cheer; your sins are forgiven you." [←261]
That is, our estate, or state of being. [←262]
Or bond. [←263]
Loss of honor. [←264]
Deuteronomy 28:20 "The LORD will send on you cursing, confusion, and rebuke in all that you set your hand to do, until you are destroyed and until you perish quickly, because of the wickedness of your doings in which you have forsaken Me. Deuteronomy 28:37 "And you shall become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword among all nations where the LORD will drive you. [←265]
Deuteronomy 28:17-18 "Cursed shall be your basket and your kneading bowl. "Cursed shall be the fruit of your body and the produce of your land, the increase of your cattle and the offspring of your flocks. [←266]
Genesis 3:19 In the sweat of your face you shall eat bread Till you return to the ground, For out of it you were taken; For dust you are, And to dust you shall return." Deuteronomy 28:35 "The LORD will strike you in the knees and on the legs with severe boils which cannot be healed, and from the sole of your foot to the top of your head. [←267]
Deuteronomy 28:47-48 "Because you did not serve the LORD your God with joy and gladness of heart, for the abundance of everything, "therefore you shall serve your enemies, whom the LORD will send against you, in hunger, in thirst, in nakedness, and in need of everything; and He will put a yoke of iron on your neck until He has destroyed you. [←268]
chap. 14, thesis 30. [←269]
Genesis 3:6 So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree desirable to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate. She also gave to her husband with her, and he ate. [←270]
Genesis 3:17-18 Then to Adam He said, "Because you have heeded the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, ‘You shall not eat of it ‘: "Cursed is the ground for your sake; In toil you shall eat of it All the days of your life. Both thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you, And you shall eat the herb of the field. Romans 8:20-22 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of Him who subjected it in hope; because the creation itself also will be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation groans and labors with birth pangs together until now. [←271]
Only Christ can satisfy the demands of God’s Justice and atone for sin; apart from Christ, there is no satisfaction. [←272]
Luke 16:26 ‘And besides all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed, so that those who want to pass from here to you cannot, nor can those from there pass to us.’ [←273]
Matthew 25:41 "Then He will also say to those on the left hand, ‘Depart from Me, you cursed, into the everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels: [←274]
Mark 9:44 where ‘Their worm does not die, And the fire is not quenched.’ Isaiah 66:24 "And they shall go forth and look Upon the corpses of the men Who have transgressed against Me. For their worm does not die, And their fire is not quenched. They shall be an abhorrence to all flesh." [←275]
1 Corinthians 15:42-43 So also is the resurrection of the dead. The body is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruption. It is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness, it is raised in power. [←276]
1 Corinthians 15:51-52 Behold, I tell you a mystery: We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed — in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. 1 Thessalonians 4:15-16 For this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive and remain until the coming of the Lord will by no means precede those who are asleep. For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise first. [←277]
Revelation 21:8 "But the cowardly, unbelieving, abominable, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars shall have their part in the lake which burns with fire and brimstone, which is the second death." [←278]
Luke 16:23 "And being in torments in Hades, he lifted up his eyes and saw Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom. [←279]
Luke 13:28 "There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when you see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God, and yourselves thrust out. [←280]
Job 14:4 Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one! Psalms 51:5 Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, And in sin my mother conceived me. Romans 5:14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned according to the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come. Ephesians 2:3 among whom also we all once conducted ourselves in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, just as the others. [←281]
A natural indisposition to something. [←282]
Ephesians 2:1 And you He made alive, who were dead in trespasses and sins; [←283]
1 Timothy 2:5 For there is one God and one Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus; [←284]
Or “ransom.” [←285]
Galatians 4:4 But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law; Titus 1:2-3 in hope of eternal life which God, who cannot lie, promised before time began, but has in due time manifested His word; 1 Peter 1:20 He indeed was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you; [←286]
That is, it was not retroactive grace, but grace by original decree, before the foundations of the earth (Ephesians 1:4; Ephesians 1:11). [←287]
John 1:14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth. [←288]
Colossians 2:9 For in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily; [←289]
A declaration of something self-evident; something that can be assumed as the basis for argument. [←290]
John 21:17 He said to him the third time, "Simon, son of Jonah, do you love Me?" ...And he said to Him, "Lord, You know all things; Mark 13:32 "But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. Luke 5:13 Then He put out His hand and touched him, saying, "I am willing; be cleansed." Immediately the leprosy left him. Matthew 26:39 He went a little farther and fell on His face, and prayed, saying, "O My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from Me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as You will." [←291]
John 3:16 For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. Also John 1:14; John 6:33; John 6:38-40; John 16:27; 1 John 4:9-10; Isaiah 42:1-6; etc. [←292]
Psalms 110:4 The LORD has sworn And will not relent, "You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek." Hebrews 5:6 As He also says in another place: "You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek"; Hebrews 7:24 But He, because He continues forever, has an unchangeable priesthood. [←293]
A general form or mode of behavior; it was characteristic of him, and under his direction. [←294]
The occurrence of a small flash or spark; that is, a flash of insight or instruction that overcame them. [←295]
John 1:18 No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him. John 3:13 "No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven, that is, the Son of Man who is in heaven. [←296]
Acts 3:22 For Moses truly said to the fathers, ‘The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your brethren. Him you shall hear in all things, whatever He says to you.’ (quoting Deuteronomy 18:15) [←297]
1 Corinthians 2:11 For what man knows the things of a man except the spirit of the man which is in him? Even so no one knows the things of God except the Spirit of God. 1 Corinthians 2:16 For "who has known the mind of the LORD that he may instruct Him?" But we have the mind of Christ. [←298]
Hebrews 1:1-2 God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son; [←299]
Colossians 1:20-22 and by Him to reconcile all things to Himself, by Him, whether things on earth or things in heaven, having made peace through the blood of His cross. And you, who once were alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works, yet now He has reconciled in the body of His flesh through death, to present you holy, and blameless, and above reproach in His sight. 2 Corinthians 5:15 and He died for all, that those who live should live no longer for themselves, but for Him who died for them and rose again. Romans 5:10 For if when we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved by His life. [←300]
Hebrews 5:5-6 So also Christ did not glorify Himself to become High Priest, but it was He who said to Him: "You are My Son, Today I have begotten You." As He also says in another place: "You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek"; [←301]
Hebrews 10:10 By that will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 1 Peter 2:24 who Himself bore our sins in His own body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live for righteousness — by whose stripes you were healed. Colossians 1:21-22 And you, who once were alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works, yet now He has reconciled in the body of His flesh through death, to present you holy, and blameless, and above reproach in His sight; [←302]
Colossians 1:20 and by Him to reconcile all things to Himself, by Him, whether things on earth or things in heaven, having made peace through the blood of His cross. [←303]
Isaiah 53:10 Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise Him; He has put Him to grief. When You make His soul an offering for sin; Matthew 20:28 "just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life [Greek psuché, or soul] a ransom for many." [←304]
Acts 20:28 "Therefore take heed to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood. Romans 8:3 For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh; [←305]
Hebrews 9:14; Hebrews 9:21-22 how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? Then likewise he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle and all the vessels of the ministry. And according to the law almost all things are purified with blood, and without shedding of blood there is no remission. Hebrews 13:10 We have an altar from which those who serve the tabernacle have no right to eat. Hebrews 13:12 Therefore Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people with His own blood, suffered outside the gate. Hebrews 13:15 Therefore by Him let us continually offer the sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit of our lips, giving thanks to His name. [←306]
Matthew 23:17 "Fools and blind! For which is greater, the gold or the temple that sanctifies the gold? [←307]
John 17:19 "And for their sakes I sanctify Myself, that they also may be sanctified by the truth. [←308]
Psalms 2:6-7 “Yet I have set My King On My holy hill of Zion.” “I will declare the decree: The LORD has said to Me, ‘You are My Son, Today I have begotten You.’” Daniel 2:44 "And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever. Luke 1:36 "Now indeed, Elizabeth your relative has also conceived a son in her old age; and this is now the sixth month for her who was called barren. [←309]
Matthew 22:43-45 He said to them, "How then does David in the Spirit call Him ‘Lord,’ saying: ‘The LORD said to my Lord, "Sit at My right hand, Till I make Your enemies Your footstool”’? "If David then calls Him ‘Lord,’ how is He his Son?" [←310]
Daniel 7:14 Then to Him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, That all peoples, nations, and languages should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion, Which shall not pass away, And His kingdom the one Which shall not be destroyed. Revelation 17:14 "These will make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, for He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those who are with Him are called, chosen, and faithful." [←311]
Ephesians 1:20-22 which He worked in Christ when He raised Him from the dead and seated Him at His right hand in the heavenly places, far above all principality and power and might and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this age but also in that which is to come. And He put all things under His feet, and gave Him to be head over all things to the church; [←312]
Romans 14:17 for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. [←313]
Revelation 1:18 "I am He who lives, and was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore. Amen. And I have the keys of Hades and of Death. [←314]
Daniel 2:44 "And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever. Daniel 7:14 Then to Him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, That all peoples, nations, and languages should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion, Which shall not pass away, And His kingdom the one Which shall not be destroyed. [←315]
State of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy [←316]
Isaiah 9:6 For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; And the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Ephesians 2:16 and that He might reconcile them both to God in one body through the cross, thereby putting to death the enmity. Hebrews 7:2 to whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all, first being translated "king of righteousness," and then also king of Salem, meaning "king of peace," [←317]
1 Corinthians 1:13 Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you baptized in the name of Paul? [←318]
Romans 8:34 Who is he who condemns? It is Christ who died, and furthermore is also risen, who is even at the right hand of God, who also makes intercession for us. [←319]
Romans 5:10 For if when we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved by His life. [←320]
That is, he did not simply forbear or remove our sins without the penalty being paid for them. [←321]
1 Peter 1:18 knowing that you were not redeemed with corruptible things, like silver or gold, from your aimless conduct received by tradition from your fathers; [←322]
Hebrews 9:13-15 For if the blood of bulls and goats and the ashes of a heifer, sprinkling the unclean, sanctifies for the purifying of the flesh, how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. [←323]
1 Timothy 2:5-6 For there is one God and one Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus, who gave Himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time; [←324]
John 1:12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: 1 Peter 1:21 who through Him believe in God, who raised Him from the dead and gave Him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God. [←325]
Ephesians 5:2 And walk in love, as Christ also has loved us and given Himself for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling aroma. [←326]
Hebrews 10:12; Hebrews 10:14 But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God... For by one offering He has perfected forever those who are being sanctified. [←327]
Hebrews 7:22 by so much more Jesus has become a surety of a better covenant. [←328]
Romans 5:16-19 And the gift is not like that which came through the one who sinned. For the judgment which came from one offense resulted in condemnation, but the free gift which came from many offenses resulted in justification. For if by the one man’s offense death reigned through the one, much more those who receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness will reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.) Therefore, as through one man’s offense judgment came to all men, resulting in condemnation, even so through one Man’s righteous act the free gift came to all men, resulting in justification of life. For as by one man‘s disobedience many were made sinners, so also by one Man‘s obedience many will be made righteous. 1 Corinthians 15:22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ all shall be made alive. [←329]
Romans 5:19 For as by one man‘s disobedience many were made sinners, so also by one Man‘s obedience many will be made righteous. [←330]
Romans 5:10 For if when we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved by His life. [←331]
Romans 6:23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. [←332]
Isaiah 32:17 The work of righteousness will be peace, And the effect of righteousness, quietness and assurance forever. [←333]
Thus, if Barabbas had been offered on the cross instead (John 18:40), it would not have satisfied God‘s justice, for it was an imperfect offering. Nor would it have brought honour to Barabbas, for he would have received only what he deserved. But Jesus Christ was offered, who was without sin (Hebrews 4:15); he condescended to allow it, so that acceptable satisfaction might be made for our sins. And thus great glory redounds to him (Php_2:7-9). [←334]
It is unclear what Ames intended here; it may be that the substance of his satisfaction is the removal of sin‘s offense (Colossians 2:13-14); and its circumstances refers to his death on a cross (Galatians 3:13), which of himself, he did not deserve. [←335]
Geneva Bible. [←336]
Genesis 3:15 And I will put enmity Between you and the woman, And between your seed and her Seed; He shall bruise your head, And you shall bruise His heel." [←337]
Matthew 1:23 "Behold, the virgin shall be with child, and bear a Son, and they shall call His name Immanuel," which is translated, "God with us" (from Isaiah 7:14). [←338]
Luke 2:8-14 Now there were in the same country shepherds living out in the fields, keeping watch over their flock by night. And behold, an angel of the Lord stood before them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were greatly afraid. Then the angel said to them, "Do not be afraid, for behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy which will be to all people. "For there is born to you this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. "And this will be the sign to you: You will find a Babe wrapped in swaddling cloths, lying in a manger." And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God and saying: "Glory to God in the highest, And on earth peace, goodwill toward men!" [←339]
Genesis 22:18 "In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed; Galatians 3:16 Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made. He does not say, "And to seeds," as of many, but as of one, "And to your Seed," who is Christ. [←340]
Luke 2:21-22 And when eight days were completed for the circumcision of the Child, His name was called JESUS, the name given by the angel before He was conceived in the womb. Now when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were completed, they brought Him to Jerusalem to present Him to the Lord [←341]
Matthew 2:13 Now when they had departed, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying, "Arise, take the young Child and His mother, flee to Egypt, and stay there until I bring you word; for Herod will seek the young Child to destroy Him." Matthew 2:19-21 But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, saying, "Arise, take the young Child and His mother, and go to the land of Israel, for those who sought the young Child’s life are dead." Then he arose, took the young Child and His mother, and came into the land of Israel. [←342]
Matthew 3:15 But Jesus answered and said to him, "Permit it to be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness." Then [the Baptist] allowed Him. Matthew 5:17 "Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. [←343]
Genesis 17:10-11 "This is My covenant which you shall keep, between Me and you and your descendants after you: Every male child among you shall be circumcised; "and you shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Me and you. [←344]
Numbers 18:15 "Everything that first opens the womb of all flesh, which they bring to the LORD, whether man or beast, shall be yours; nevertheless the firstborn of man you shall surely redeem, and the firstborn of unclean animals you shall redeem. [←345]
Exodus 20:12 "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land which the LORD your God is giving you. [←346]
Luke 2:42-50. [←347]
Isaiah 2:3 Many people shall come and say, "Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, To the house of the God of Jacob; He will teach us His ways, And we shall walk in His paths." For out of Zion shall go forth the law, And the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. Isaiah 54:13 All your children shall be taught by the LORD, And great shall be the peace of your children. Jeremiah 31:34 "No more shall every man teach his Neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’ for they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the LORD. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more." [←348]
Genesis 3:19 In the sweat of your face you shall eat bread Till you return to the ground, For out of it you were taken; For dust you are, And to dust you shall return." [←349]
Matthew 3:13; Matthew 4:1. [←350]
Installation. [←351]
Matthew 3:16-17. [←352]
Colossians 2:11-12 In Him you were also circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, buried with Him in baptism, in which you also were raised with Him through faith in the working of God, who raised Him from the dead. [←353]
Hebrews 4:15 For we do not have a High Priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but was in all points tempted as we are, yet without sin. [←354]
To contrast it with those Roman Catholic monks who make a vow of poverty, and are sustained by begging. [←355]
That is, sleeplessness; or watching in prayer rather than sleep (Psalms 119:148; Mark 1:35; Mark 14:23; 2 Corinthians 6:5; 2 Corinthians 11:27). [←356]
1 Corinthians 11:26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death till He comes. [←357]
A prayer to avert or remove some evil or disaster. [←358]
Luke 22:50-51; John 18:6; John 18:10. [←359]
Galatians 3:13 Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree "); [←360]
Luke 23:46 And when Jesus had cried out with a loud voice, He said, "Father, into Your hands I commit My spirit.” Having said this, He breathed His last. [←361]
That is, Jesus didn ‘t die of natural causes, but was killed or executed. [←362]
John 10:18 "No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This command I have received from My Father." [←363]
Ephesians 4:8-10. The actual phrase is taken from a late addition to the Apostles Creed. The phrase was not included in the Marcelli Ancyrani (a Greek version of the creed, A.D. 340), nor the Latin versions of the creed (cf. Romana, from the 3d or 4th century). It was not until later that this line and others appeared. Philip Schaff writes, “The translation ‘descended into hell’ is unfortunate and misleading. We do not know whether Christ was in hell; but we do know from his own lips that he was in paradise between his death and resurrection (Luke 23:43). The term Hades is much more comprehensive than Hell (Gehenna), which is confined to the state and place of the lost.” See thesis 10 below. [←364]
That is, practical or actual in nearly every respect; the difference being the already vs. the not-yet. [←365]
John 3:14 "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, 15 that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life. [←366]
That is, gracefulness. [←367]
That is, vivification – life – was restored to his body by reuniting his soul to it. [←368]
e.g. 1 John 1:1-3 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, concerning the Word of life – the life was manifested, and we have seen, and bear witness, and declare to you that eternal life which was with the Father and was manifested to us – that which we have seen and heard we declare to you; [←369]
Php_2:7 “...but made Himself of no reputation [Gr. é kenosis, emptied], taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men.” Emptying did not remove his divine nature, but set aside his divine rights. [←370]
Zechariah 14:4 And in that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, Which faces Jerusalem on the east. [←371]
A heaven that exists everywhere, rather than having a particular location distinct from other places. [←372]
Matthew 26:11 "For you have the poor with you always, but Me you do not have always. [←373]
1 Corinthians 15:5 He was seen by Cephas, then by the twelve. 6 After that He was seen by over five hundred brethren at once; [←374]
Hebrews 9:8 the Holy Spirit indicating this, that the way into the Holiest of All was not yet made manifest while the first tabernacle was still standing. [←375]
Colossians 1:20 “and by Him to reconcile all things to Himself, by Him, whether things on earth or things in heaven, having made peace through the blood of His cross.” John Gill writes concerning this verse, “all the elect of God are here meant, the family of God in heaven and in earth; all the saints that were then in heaven, when actual reconciliation was made by the blood of Christ, and who went there upon the foot of peace, reconciliation, and redemption, to be made by his sacrifice and death;” [←376]
Genesis 5:24 And Enoch walked with God; and he was not, for God took him. Hebrews 11:5 By faith Enoch was taken away so that he did not see death, "and was not found, because God had taken him"; for before he was taken he had this testimony, that he pleased God. 2 Kings 2:11 Then it happened, as they continued on and talked, that suddenly a chariot of fire appeared with horses of fire, and separated the two of them; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven. [←377]
Acts 1:11 "Men of Galilee, why do you stand gazing up into heaven? This same Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will so come in like manner as you saw Him go into heaven." The Greek and Latin Gospels (and the Acts), use “assumption” for the ascension of Christ. The NKJ renders it “taken up.” The Latin is “usque in diem qua præcipiens Apostolis per Spiritum Sanctum, quos elegit, assumptus est,” (he was assumed); Acts 1:2, in the Clementine Latin Vulgate. [←378]
Ephesians 1:20-21 which He worked in Christ when He raised Him from the dead and seated Him at His right hand in the heavenly places, far above all principality and power and might and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this age but also in that which is to come. [←379]
The original pages were misnumbered. It appears to skip pages 97-98, but no text is actually missing. [←380]
Matthew 28:18-20 And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, "All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. "Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, "teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age." Amen. Mark 16:20 And they went out and preached everywhere, the Lord working with them and confirming the word through the accompanying signs. Amen. [←381]
John 6:37 "All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out. John 6:44 "No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day. [←382]
Ephesians 1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ, ...Ephesians 1:5 having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, ...Ephesians 1:11 In Him also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestined according to the purpose of Him who works all things according to the counsel of His will; [←383]
To obtain by request or entreaty. [←384]
In other words, Christ’s sacrifice being infinite, it was sufficient to atone for all men in all ages, and not just the elect. But it is efficient, i.e. it is applied, only to the elect, who were given to Christ for redemption on the cross. [←385]
Hebrews 8:8-10 "Behold, the days are coming, says the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah – "not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they did not continue in My covenant, and I disregarded them, says the LORD. "For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the LORD: I will put My laws in their mind and write them on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. [←386]
Romans 4:16 Therefore [the Promise] is of faith that it might be according to grace, so that the promise might be sure to all the seed, not only to those who are of the law, but also to those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all; Galatians 3:18, Galatians 3:21-22 For if the inheritance is of the law, it is no longer of promise; but God gave it to Abraham by promise. Is the law then against the promises of God? Certainly not! For if there had been a law given which could have given life, truly righteousness would have been by the law. But the Scripture has confined all under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. [←387]
Hebrews 9:16 For where there is a testament, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator. [←388]
Presumably God’s purposes with regard to inanimate things, like night and day. [←389]
: The promise is extended by men, through the Gospel, to all kinds of men indiscriminately (i.e. in all cultures, among all nations); but God directs it to the hearts and minds of those for whom He intends it. [←390]
Ephesians 2:8-9 For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast. [←391]
That which makes alive; enlivening. [←392]
Made obsolete. [←393]
Mercy: the Greek word is actually soteria, salvation. [←394]
In the Douay Rheims and Geneva bibles, the text points to the elect being foreknown by Christ, rather than Christ being foreknown. [←395]
The Scripture actually reads “counsel of his own will.” [←396]
Romans 8:28 And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose. [←397]
Romans 9:13 As it is written, "Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated." [←398]
Jeremiah 31:3 The LORD has appeared of old to me, saying: "Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love; Therefore with lovingkindness I have drawn you. Ephesians 5:25 Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church and gave Himself for her; [←399]
John 17:6 "I have manifested Your name to the men whom You have given Me out of the world. They were Yours, You gave them to Me, and they have kept Your word. 1 Corinthians 1:27-28 But God has chosen the foolish things of the world to put to shame the wise, and God has chosen the weak things of the world to put to shame the things which are mighty; and the base things of the world and the things which are despised God has chosen, and the things which are not, to bring to nothing the things that are; [←400]
John 6:37 "All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out. 2 Thessalonians 2:13 But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God from the beginning chose you for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth, [←401]
Ephesians 1:4 just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love; [←402]
First Act of Election: to will the glory of God’s grace in the salvation of some men (thesis 20 above). [←403]
Third Act of Election: a purpose or intention to prepare and direct those means by which elected men are certainly led through to salvation, as to an end (thesis 23 above). [←404]
Romans 9:22 What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, 2 Thessalonians 2:12 that they all may be condemned who did not believe the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness. Jude 1:4 For certain men have crept in unnoticed, who long ago were marked out for this condemnation, ungodly men, who turn the grace of our God into lewdness and deny the only Lord God and our Lord Jesus Christ. [←405]
This refers back to theses 1, 2, and 10 in which a distinction is made between two groups, not because there is an inherent difference in them, but because God’s decree has made a difference. Here in thesis 35, the basis of that difference is God’s love for some, and the denial of his love to others. [←406]
That is, their sin is sufficient cause for the exercise of God’s justice – it is not undeserved. [←407]
Romans 9:18 Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills He hardens [He permits their sin]. 2 Thessalonians 2:11-12 And for this reason God will send them strong delusion, that they should believe the lie, that they all may be condemned who did not believe the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness [they live in sin]. [←408]
1 Thessalonians 2:12 that you would walk worthy of God who calls you into His own kingdom and glory. [←409]
Ephesians 1:13 In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise; [←410]
That is, whether the things promised properly belong to the person that hears them. [←411]
Hebrews 6:4-6 For it is impossible for those who were once enlightened, and have tasted the heavenly gift, and have become partakers of the Holy Spirit, and have tasted the good word of God and the powers of the age to come, if they fall away, to renew them again to repentance, since they crucify again for themselves the Son of God, and put Him to an open shame. Hebrews 10:29 Of how much worse punishment, do you suppose, will he be thought worthy who has trampled the Son of God underfoot, counted the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified a common thing, and insulted the Spirit of grace?  Matthew 13:20-21 "But he who received the seed on stony places, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy; "yet he has no root in himself, but endures only for a while. For when tribulation or persecution arises because of the word, immediately he stumbles. [←412]
1 John 5:16 If anyone sees his brother sinning a sin which does not lead to death, he will ask, and He will give him life for those who commit sin not leading to death. There is sin leading to death. I do not say that he should pray about that. Matthew 12:32 "Anyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, either in this age or in the age to come [The Pharisees said Jesus cast out demons by the power of Beelzebub (Matthew 12:24), and thus they profaned the HS]. [←413]
1 Corinthians 12:27 Now you are the body of Christ, and members individually. [←414]
Acts 26:20 "but declared first to those in Damascus and in Jerusalem, and throughout all the region of Judea, and then to the Gentiles, that they should repent, turn to God, and do works befitting repentance. [←415]
John 1:13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. John 3:6 "That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. 1 John 3:9 Whoever has been born of God does not sin, for His seed remains in him; and he cannot sin, because he has been born of God 1 Peter 1:23 having been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the word of God which lives and abides forever; Also, Romans 6:4 ... we also should walk in newness of life. 2 Corinthians 5:17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new. [←416]
That is, an elicited act – an act called or drawn forth from someone who might not otherwise have acted. Hence it is a free act of the will, a chosen act of the mind, and yet it has been incited or provoked from outside. Even so, it presupposes an ability to choose and act. Apart from God first acting in Regeneration, there is no ability to choose what is pleasing to God, which is faith in Christ. [←417]
John 3:15-16 "that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life. "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. [←418]
1 Peter 1:21 who through Him believe in God, who raised Him from the dead and gave Him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God. [←419]
In kind, or of that nature; where there is true faith, repentance follows naturally and expectedly. [←420]
Amos 5:14-15 Seek good and not evil, That you may live; So the LORD God of hosts will be with you, As you have spoken. Hate evil, love good; Establish justice in the gate. It may be that the LORD God of hosts Will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph. [←421]
“Virtually” here means incompletely; there is no perfection in this life, except as it is imputed from Christ. [←422]
Geneva Bible. [←423]
An actual change. [←424]
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) in Summa Theologica, claimed that at conversion there is such a renovation of the soul, that righteousness is infused in the believer by God (graciously); it is an inherent righteousness (or virtue). And this, he said, is what justifies him “by grace,” rather than being justified by the righteousness of Christ imputed to him. He said this inherent righteousness is gradually infused into the believer through the sacraments, as hindered by sins, and furthered by good works. Thus justification, he says, is not a single pronouncement based on the fixed perfection of Christ (as Ames said in theses 5 & 7); but it is a varying condition based on the works of the individual. Hence purgatory is required to perfect any remaining corruption in the individual, to enable entry into the heavenlies. [←425]
See theses 15-17 below for further clarification. [←426]
Romans 5:18 Therefore, as through one man’s offense judgment came to all men, resulting in condemnation, even so through one Man’s righteous act the free gift came to all men, resulting in justification of life. [←427]
Romans 10:3 For they being ignorant of God’s righteousness, and seeking to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted to the righteousness of God. [←428]
In other words, Christ was not justified for himself, but for us. His righteousness was perfect and meritorious under the Law. He was not Justified by declaring or accounting him Just, because he was Just in himself. [←429]
Vocation here means our calling – to be called or summoned “vocally”. [←430]
Or “by faith.” [←431]
Or “saving faith.” [←432]
Adequate: to the same extent. [←433]
John 1:12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name. John 3:15-16 "that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life. "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. John 6:40 "And this is the will of Him who sent Me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in Him may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up at the last day." John 6:47 "Most assuredly, I say to you, he who believes in Me has everlasting life. John 14:1 "Let not your heart be troubled; you believe in God, believe also in Me. John 14:6 Jesus said to him, "I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me. Romans 4:5 But to him who does not work but believes on Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness; Romans 3:25-26 whom God set forth as a propitiation by His blood, through faith, to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed, to demonstrate at the present time His righteousness, that He might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Acts 10:43 "To Him all the prophets witness that, through His name, whoever believes in Him will receive remission of sins." Acts 26:18 ‘to open their eyes, in order to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in Me.’ Galatians 3:26 For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. [←434]
John 14:27 "Peace I leave with you, My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid. [←435]
That which is deserved or merited; a just punishment or reward. [←436]
Ephesians 1:6 to the praise of the glory of His grace, by which He has made us accepted in the Beloved. 7 In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of His grace [←437]
Geneva Bible:  Leviticus 20:4 And if the people of the land hide their eyes, and wink at that man when he gives his children unto Molech, and kill him not; [←438]
Numbers 23:20-21 Behold, I have received a command to bless; He has blessed, and I cannot reverse it. "He has not observed iniquity in Jacob, Nor has He seen wickedness in Israel. The LORD his God is with him, And the shout of a King is among them. [←439]
John 5:24 "Most assuredly, I say to you, he who hears My word and believes in Him who sent Me has everlasting life, and shall not come into judgment, but has passed from death into life. [←440]
Romans 5:18-19 Therefore, as through one man’s offense judgment came to all men, resulting in condemnation, even so through one Man’s righteous act the free gift came to all men, resulting in justification of life. For as by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners, so also by one Man’s obedience many will be made righteous. Revelation 19:8 And to her it was granted to be arrayed in fine linen, clean and bright, for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints. Romans 8:3-4 For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh, that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. [←441]
That is, righteousness is not the mere absence of sin. The Law has positive requirements in addition to negative prohibitions. Thus remission of sin alone, without the righteousness required by the Law, is insufficient to save. Unless we are perfectly righteous in ourselves, we must be justified with the righteousness of Christ. It is not enough to be delivered from hell; we must also be delivered into heaven – and Christ our Lord does both. [←442]
Previous chapter, thesis 5. [←443]
John 1:12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, etc. [←444]
That is, an external name or label. [←445]
Hebrews 2:10-13 For it was fitting for Him, for whom are all things and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings. For both He who sanctifies and those who are being sanctified are all of one, for which reason He is not ashamed to call them brethren, saying: "I will declare Your name to My brethren; In the midst of the assembly I will sing praise to You." And again: "I will put My trust in Him." And again: "Here am I and the children whom God has given Me." [←446]
Genesis 1:26 Then God said, "Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; [←447]
Or “Son of God by nature.” [←448]
That is, the band, tie, or bond we have with Christ, in being united to Him through faith. [←449]
1 John 3:1 Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed on us, that we should be called children of God! [←450]
Genesis 48:5 "And now your two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine. [←451]
Galatians 6:10 Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all, especially to those who are of the household of faith. [←452]
Esther 2:7 And Mordecai had brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle’s daughter, for she had neither father nor mother. The young woman was lovely and beautiful. When her father and mother died, Mordecai took her as his own daughter. [←453]
Romans 8:15-16 For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, "Abba, Father." The Spirit Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God; Romans 8:23 Not only that, but we also who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly waiting for the adoption, the redemption of our body. Galatians 4:5-7 to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying out, "Abba, Father!" Therefore you are no longer a slave but a son, and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.  [←454]
John 3:5-8 Jesus answered, "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. "That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. "Do not marvel that I said to you, ‘You must be born again.’ "The wind blows where it wishes, and you hear the sound of it, but cannot tell where it comes from and where it goes. So is everyone who is born of the Spirit." [←455]
Ephesians 1:13-14 In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise, who is the guarantee of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of His glory. Ephesians 4:30 And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption. Galatians 3:14 that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. [←456]
The formal act of freeing from slavery. [←457]
John 8:32 "And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." [←458]
Revelation 1:6 and has made us kings and priests to His God and Father; 2 Corinthians 2:17 For we are not, as so many, peddling the word of God; but as of sincerity, but as from God, we speak in the sight of God in Christ. [←459]
That is, men and angels. [←460]
Titus 1:15 To the pure all things are pure, but to those who are defiled and unbelieving nothing is pure; but even their mind and conscience are defiled. 1 Corinthians 3:21-22 Therefore let no one boast in men. For all things are yours: whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas, or the world or life or death, or things present or things to come — all are yours. [←461]
Hebrews 1:14 Are they not all ministering spirits sent forth to minister for those who will inherit salvation? [←462]
Romans 8:28 And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose. [←463]
Genesis 1:27 So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. 2 Corinthians 4:4 whose minds the god of this age has blinded, who do not believe, lest the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine on them. Romans 8:29 For whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son.... [←464]
This is not justifying righteousness (which can only be the righteousness of Christ), but a resulting or responsive righteousness, which manifests the presence of justifying or saving Faith, as Ames pointed out earlier. See thesis 8. [←465]
Douay Rheims. [←466]
In Justification, objectively (in God’s sight), we are completely and finally sanctified in Christ; but subjectively (in our own experience of salvation), we are progressively sanctified by the Spirit. The first is entirely of God, monergistic; the second is cooperative, synergistic. And thus we “work out our salvation in fear and trembling.” [←467]
Genesis 2:3 Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. [←468]
1 Peter 3:15 But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts; [←469]
Or part & parcel – the integral or essential part of a man. [←470]
That is, the change to which sanctification refers, requires putting off the old, and putting on the new (Colossians 3:9-10). Thesis 13 describes putting off the old sinful self; thesis 14 describes putting on the new godly self. [←471]
Ephesians 4:24 that you put on the new man which was created according to God, in true righteousness and holiness. [←472]
James 1:25 But he who looks into the perfect law of liberty and continues in it, and is not a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work, this one will be blessed in what he does. [←473]
1 Corinthians 13:11-12 When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child; but when I became a man, I put away childish things. For now we see in a mirror, dimly, but then face to face. Now I know in part, but then I shall know just as I also am known. Ephesians 4:14 that we should no longer be children, tossed to and fro and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, in the cunning craftiness of deceitful plotting; 1 Peter 1:14 as obedient children, not conforming yourselves to the former lusts, as in your ignorance; [←474]
Hebrews 5:13-14 For everyone who partakes only of milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, for he is a babe. But solid food belongs to those who are of full age, that is, those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil. [←475]
Ephesians 4:15 we may grow up; 1 Corinthians 13:11 when I became a man; Php_3:12 Not that I have already attained, or am already perfected; Also, 1 Corinthians 14:20 in malice be babes, but in understanding be mature. [←476]
Romans 8:5-6 For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. For to be carnally minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Romans 8:13 For if you live according to the flesh you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death [mortify] the deeds of the body, you will live. [←477]
i.e., made to waste away. In Mortification of Sin, John Owen said, “Either be killing sin, or sin will be killing you.” [←478]
Luke 9:23 Then He said to them all, "If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow Me. Galatians 6:14 But God forbid that I should boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. [←479]
Colossians 3:10 and have put on the new man who is renewed in knowledge according to the image of Him who created him; Ephesians 4:24 and that you put on the new man which was created according to God, in true righteousness and holiness. Romans 12:2 And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God. [←480]
2 Corinthians 4:16 Therefore we do not lose heart. Even though our outward man is perishing, yet the inward man is being renewed day by day. [←481]
That is, in the passive and sensory appetite – input we  receive “thoughtlessly” from the external world. [←482]
1 Thessalonians 5:23 Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you completely; and may your whole spirit, soul, and body be preserved blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. [←483]
1. An ardent (rampant) desire, especially sexual desire; lust. [←484]
Romans 7:18-20; Romans 7:25 For I know that in me (that is, in my flesh) nothing good dwells; for to will is present with me, but how to perform what is good I do not find. For the good that I will to do, I do not do; but the evil I will not to do, that I practice. Now if I do what I will not to do, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells in me. ...So then, with the mind I myself serve the law of God, but with the flesh the law of sin. [←485]
That is, the flesh fearing the wrath of God, against the flesh desiring to satisfy its own lust. [←486]
1 Corinthians 1:30 But of Him you are in Christ Jesus, who became for us wisdom from God – and righteousness and sanctification and redemption; Ephesians 1:14 who is the guarantee of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of His glory. Galatians 3:13 Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree "); Hebrews 9:14-15 how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. [←487]
Ephesians 1:7 In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of His grace. Colossians 1:14 in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins. [←488]
Ephesians 2:18 For through Him we both have access by one Spirit to the Father. Ephesians 3:12 in whom we have boldness and access with confidence through faith in Him. Hebrews 10:22 let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. [←489]
Romans 8:38-39 For I am persuaded that neither death nor life, nor angels nor principalities nor powers, nor things present nor things to come, nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing, shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. [←490]
2 Corinthians 13:5 Examine yourselves as to whether you are in the faith. Test yourselves. Do you not know yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you? – unless indeed you are disqualified. [←491]
Matthew 24:13 But he who endures to the end shall be saved. Hebrews 10:39 But we are not of those who draw back to perdition, but of those who believe to the saving of the soul. Revelation 2:10 Be faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life. 2 Timothy 4:18 And the Lord will deliver me from every evil work and preserve me for His heavenly kingdom. To Him be glory forever and ever. Amen! Jude 1:1 Jude, a bondservant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, To those who are called, sanctified by God the Father, and preserved in Jesus Christ: [←492]
Psalms 51:1-4 Have mercy upon me, O God, According to Your lovingkindness; According to the multitude of Your tender mercies, Blot out my transgressions. Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, And cleanse me from my sin. For I acknowledge my transgressions, And my sin is always before me. Against You, You only, have I sinned, And done this evil in Your sight... [←493]
Romans 5:2-3 through whom also we have access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God. And not only that, but we also glory in tribulations, knowing that tribulation produces perseverance; 1 Peter 1:8 Though now you do not see Him, yet believing, you rejoice with joy inexpressible and full of glory; Romans 14:17 for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. [←494]
Romans 8:23 Not only that, but we also who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly waiting for the adoption, the redemption of our body. [←495]
2 Corinthians 1:4 who comforts us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble, with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God. [←496]
Colossians 2:2 that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, and attaining to all riches of the full assurance of understanding, to the knowledge of the mystery of God, both of the Father and of Christ; [←497]
Php_4:7 and the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus. [←498]
For example, Romans 1:7 To all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. [←499]
According to Aristotle, the chief good (or goal of human life) is achieving eudamonia, which is "happiness." According to the Westminster Larger Catechism, written after Ames ‘ death, “Man’s chief and highest end is to glorify God, and to fully enjoy him forever.” [←500]
Matthew 25:21 "His lord said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant; you were faithful over a few things, I will make you ruler over many things. Enter into the joy of your lord.’ John 15:11 "These things I have spoken to you, that My joy may remain in you, and that your joy may be full. [←501]
Colossians 2:2 that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, and attaining to all riches of the full assurance of understanding, to the knowledge of the mystery of God, both of the Father and of Christ; Colossians 2:7 rooted and built up in Him and established in the faith, as you have been taught, abounding in it with thanksgiving. Colossians 2:10 and you are complete in Him, who is the head of all principality and power. [←502]
2 Peter 1:8 For if these things are yours and abound, you will be neither barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. 2 Peter 1:11 for so an entrance will be supplied to you abundantly into the everlasting kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. [←503]
Nehemiah 2:8 "and a letter to Asaph the keeper of the king’s forest, that he must give me timber to make beams for the gates of the citadel which pertains to the temple, for the city wall, and for the house that I will occupy." And the king granted them to me according to the good hand of my God upon me. [←504]
Ephesians 3:16-19  that He would grant you, according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with might through His Spirit in the inner man, that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; that you, being rooted and grounded in love, may be able to comprehend with all the saints what is the width and length and depth and height – to know the love of Christ which passes knowledge; that you may be filled with all the fullness of God. [←505]
2 Corinthians 5:2 For in this we groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed with our habitation which is from heaven; Php_1:23 For I am hard pressed between the two, having a desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better. Hebrews 2:12 saying: "I will declare Your name to My brethren; In the midst of the assembly I will sing praise to You." [←506]
Ephesians 4:13 till we all come to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a perfect man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ; Php_3:20-21 For our citizenship is in heaven, from which we also eagerly wait for the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our lowly body that it may be conformed to His glorious body, according to the working by which He is able even to subdue all things to Himself. [←507]
That is, the Church is the thing being discussed in the application of Redemption. We are individually redeemed, yes; but not for our personal ends or private salvation only; it is for the end of the Church as a whole, to which each believer is made a member. 1 Corinthians 12:13-14 For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one Body... For in fact the Body is not one member but many. See thesis 9 below. [←508]
John 17:9-11 "I pray for them. I do not pray for the world but for those whom You have given Me, for they are Yours. "And all Mine are Yours, and Yours are Mine, and I am glorified in them. "Now I am no longer in the world, but these are in the world, and I come to You. Holy Father, keep through Your name those whom You have given Me, that they may be one as We are. [←509]
Hence distinctions are made between the Church Militant (the elect struggling on earth), Trimphant (the elect in heaven), Universal (the elect of all ages, or the elect worldwide), Visible (having an outward profession of faith), and Invisible (an inward excercise of faith). See theses 21-26 below. [←510]
The Hebrew word for assembly, “qahal,” as translated into Greek in the LXX (e.g. Judges 20:2), and the NT Greek word for Church, is ecclesia – meaning those who are called out, or summoned together. [←511]
1 Corinthians 1:2 To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, with all who in every place call on the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and ours: 1 Corinthians 1:24 but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. 1 Corinthians 10:32 Give no offense, either to the Jews or to the Greeks or to the church of God; [←512]
Colossians 1:18 And He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things He may have the preeminence. 1 Corinthians 11:3 But I want you to know that the head of every man is Christ, the head of woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. [←513]
Colossians 1:24 I now rejoice in my sufferings for you, and fill up in my flesh what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ, for the sake of His body, which is the church; [←514]
Colossians 1:13 He has delivered us from the power of darkness and conveyed us into the kingdom of the Son... [←515]
Ephesians 4:16 from whom the whole body, joined and knit together by what every joint supplies, according to the effective working by which every part does its share, causes growth of the body for the edifying of itself in love. [←516]
Both as a covenant (a “compact”) community, and as a discrete group of believers (e.g. the local church). [←517]
Son_2:16 THE SHULAMITE My beloved is mine, and I am his. He feeds his flock among the lilies. [←518]
John 15:4 "Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in Me. 1 John 3:24 Now he who keeps His commandments abides in Him, and He in him. And by this we know that He abides in us, by the Spirit whom He has given us. [←519]
That is, it is a specialized species, an individual or single member of a species — unique, not simply one of a kind. [←520]
Wholly, entirely. [←521]
Genus - A logical term intimating a nature common to several kinds; Species - A logical term signifying a nature agreeable to several particulars. [←522]
Or incidental. [←523]
Hebrews 10:12-13 But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God, from that time waiting till His enemies are made His footstool. [←524]
Acts 15:9 "and made no distinction between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. [←525]
“Saints” comes from the Greek for “holy ones.” [←526]
1 Corinthians 1:2 To the church of God which is at Corinth, to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, with all who in every place call on the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and ours: 2 Corinthians 1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, To the church of God which is at Corinth, with all the saints who are in all Achaia: Romans 1:7 To all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Colossians 1:2 To the saints and faithful brethren in Christ who are in Colosse: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. [←527]
1 Thessalonians 1:1 Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, To the church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Also 2 Thessalonians 1:1. [←528]
1 Corinthians 7:14 For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband; otherwise your children would be unclean, but now they are holy. [←529]
Ephesians 4:16 from whom the whole body, joined and knit together by what every joint supplies, according to the effective working by which every part does its share, causes growth of the body for the edifying of itself in love. [←530]
Exodus 24:7 Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read in the hearing of the people. And they said, "All that the LORD has said we will do, and be obedient." Joshua 24:24-25 And the people said to Joshua, "The LORD our God we will serve, and His voice we will obey!" So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and made for them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem. Jeremiah 42:5-6 So they said to Jeremiah, "Let the LORD be a true and faithful witness between us, if we do not do according to everything which the LORD your God sends us by you. "Whether it is pleasing or displeasing, we will obey the voice of the LORD our God to whom we send you, that it may be well with us when we obey the voice of the LORD our God." [←531]
Romans 6:4 Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. Colossians 2:11-12 In Him you were also circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, buried with Him in baptism, in which you also were raised with Him through faith in the working of God, who raised Him from the dead. 1 Corinthians 12:13 For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body [←532]
Matthew 18:20 "For where two or three are gathered together in My name, I am there in the midst of them." 1 Corinthians 5:4 In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when you are gathered together, along with my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ. [←533]
That is, by establishing a form of government. Acts 14:23 So when they had appointed elders in every church, and prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord in whom they had believed. 1 Timothy 5:17 Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and doctrine. [←534]
Hebrews 3:5 And Moses indeed was faithful in all His house as a servant, for a testimony of those things which would be spoken afterward, [←535]
Ephesians 1:22-23 And He put all things under His feet, and gave Him to be head over all things to the church, which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all. [←536]
Revelation 2:1 "To the angel of the church of Ephesus write, ‘These things says He who holds the seven stars in His right hand, who walks in the midst of the seven golden lampstands: Isaiah 31:9 He shall cross over to his stronghold for fear, And his princes shall be afraid of the banner," Says the LORD, Whose fire is in Zion And whose furnace is in Jerusalem. [←537]
Isaiah 59:21 "As for Me," says the LORD, "this is My covenant with them: My Spirit who is upon you, and My words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your descendants, nor from the mouth of your descendants ‘ descendants," says the LORD, "from this time and forevermore." John 15:26 "But when the Helper comes, whom I shall send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, He will testify of Me. [←538]
That is, some local churches may proclaim the Gospel before preaching, or taking communion, or baptizing, often as a warning to the unregenerate to flee to Christ with all haste (e.g. 1 Corinthians 11:26-29). [←539]
See Chapter 31 above. [←540]
For example, the sacraments, or the preaching of the Word. [←541]
The church began with miracles as signs; but the perpetual signs ordained by Christ are the two sacraments. Ames explores the various types of Holy Signs in chapter 36. [←542]
. See chapter 37. Jonathon Beeke writes: “Each church community, in spite of a possible admixture of unbelievers, has Faith as its foundation. This gives it its inner vitality and shapes the life of its members through the practice of a discipline which moves along Biblical lines.” William Ames and the Church’s Worship: A Puritan’s Analysis of a “Contemporary” Question, PRJ 2, 2 (2010): 223–234. [←543]
1 Corinthians 4:1 Let a man so consider us, as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God. 2 Moreover it is required in stewards that one be found faithful. [←544]
In the Church of England, a vicar is a clergyman who is appointed to act as priest of a parish (local church). [←545]
Such as preaching and administering the sacraments. [←546]
For example, counseling and comforting with the Word of God. [←547]
Ecclesiastical polity is the form of government of the Church; how its affairs are conducted, and by whom. [←548]
Job 1:6 Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan also came among them. [←549]
Galatians 1:1 Paul, an apostle (not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised Him from the dead), [←550]
That is, directly from God. [←551]
Exodus 4:15-16 "Now you shall speak to him and put the words in his mouth. And I will be with your mouth and with his mouth, and I will teach you what you shall do. "So he shall be your spokesman to the people. And he himself shall be as a mouth for you, and you shall be to him as God. [←552]
Revelation 1:10-11 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day, and I heard behind me a loud voice, as of a trumpet, saying, "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last," and, "What you see, write in a book and send it to the seven churches which are in Asia: to Ephesus, to Smyrna, to Pergamos, to Thyatira, to Sardis, to Philadelphia, and to Laodicea." [←553]
Judges 2:1 Then the Angel of the LORD came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said: "I led you up from Egypt and brought you to the land of which I swore to your fathers; and I said, ‘I will never break My covenant with you.’ [←554]
2 Corinthians 12:2-4 I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago — whether in the body I do not know, or whether out of the body I do not know, God knows — such a one was caught up to the third heaven. 3 And I know such a man — whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows — 4 how he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter. [←555]
Judges 6:36-38 So Gideon said to God, "If You will save Israel by my hand as You have said — "look, I shall put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor; if there is dew on the fleece only, and it is dry on all the ground, then I shall know that You will save Israel by my hand, as You have said." And it was so. When he rose early the next morning and squeezed the fleece together, he wrung the dew out of the fleece, a bowlful of water. [←556]
Deuteronomy 31:19 "Now therefore, write down this song for yourselves, and teach it to the children of Israel; put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for Me against the children of Israel. Revelation 1:19 "Write the things which you have seen, and the things which are, and the things which will take place after this. [←557]
Hence the Apocrypha are “authentic”, but they are not “inspired.” [←558]
The Greek word for “Scripture” is graphe, or writing. It is God’s eternal word, recorded in time, by finite men. [←559]
Prominently. [←560]
Romans 1:2 which He promised before through His prophets in the Holy Scriptures; Ephesians 3:5 which in other ages was not made known to the sons of men, as it has now been revealed by the Spirit to His holy apostles and prophets: 2 Peter 1:21 for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit. 2 Peter 2:21 For it would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than having known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered to them. 2 Peter 3:2 that you may be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of us, the apostles of the Lord and Savior; Revelation 18:20 "Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets..." [←561]
Hebrews 1:1-2 God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the worlds; [←562]
That is, the foundational truths of the doctrine of salvation. [←563]
When there are legitimate disputes between reasonable men concerning doctrinal truths revealed in Scripture... [←564]
“Vulgar” – i.e., widespread, ordinary, and well-understood. [←565]
Romans 3:2 Much in every way! Chiefly because to them were committed the oracles of God. Romans 9:4 who are Israelites, to whom pertain the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the service of God, and the promises; [←566]
Originally, interpreters, and at the end of this thesis, interpreting. [←567]
Seventy Jewish scholars translated the Hebrew OT into Greek — it is called the Septuagint. [←568]
In other words, every translation is to be tested against, or judged by, the best original copies we possess. The Roman Catholic Church, in dealing with William Tyndale, demanded that he translate from Jerome’s Latin Vulgate and not the original Greek and Hebrew manuscripts, because that was their only authentic, or “authorized” version. [←569]
Psalms 12:6-7 The words of the LORD are pure words, Like silver tried in a furnace of earth, Purified seven times. You shall keep them, O LORD, You shall preserve them from this generation forever. [These verses are so badly rendered in many modern translations, that the crucial promise they contain is effectively removed.] [←570]
The Greek word dokimazo, means to test, examine, prove, and scrutinize, to see whether a thing is genuine; and after such an examination, to approve it as genuine, or deem it worthy of the name or title. [←571]
Romans 2:21 You, therefore, who teach another, do you not teach yourself? You who preach that a man should not steal, do you steal? [←572]
2 Peter 1:12 For this reason I will not be negligent to remind you always of these things, though you know and are established in the present truth. [←573]
Originally “vain laughing.” But the KJV, GNV use “vain jangling,” which may have been mis-typeset. It is idle, empty, and fruitless talk; The DRM uses “vain babbling” – blathering about nothing of eternal value. [←574]
Titus 1:9 holding fast the faithful word as he has been taught, that he may be able, by sound doctrine, both to exhort and convict those who contradict. [←575]
Titus 2:7-8 in all things showing yourself to be a pattern of good works; in doctrine showing integrity, reverence, incorruptibility, sound speech that cannot be condemned, that one who is an opponent may be ashamed, having nothing evil to say of you. [←576]
Someone else’s comment, marginal note, or sermon on that passage of Scripture. [←577]
A rule in divinity. [←578]
Clear or easily understood. [←579]
Originally, “commodity”: something useful or valuable. [←580]
Originally, “dissentaneous.” [←581]
In other words, “use” is the practical application of a doctrinal truth or principle drawn from Scripture. [←582]
Originally, “probation.” [←583]
2 Timothy 3:16 All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness; [←584]
That is, the declaration of those things that are contained in the Text; see thesis 17 above. [←585]
Whet: to make keen or more acute – to sharpen or bring into tight focus. [←586]
KJV  Acts 2:37 Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do? [←587]
Hebrews 4:12 For the word of God is living and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the division of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. [←588]
That is, to correct a moral corruption or imperfection of some kind. [←589]
Dehortation: dissuasion, an exhortation against a course of action. [←590]
1 Corinthians 3:11-13 For no other foundation can anyone lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if anyone builds on this foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw, each one’s work will become clear; for the Day will declare it, because it will be revealed by fire; and the fire will test each one’s work, of what sort it is. [←591]
Much like contracting a sickness. [←592]
2 Timothy 4:3-4 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine, but according to their own desires, because they have itching ears, they will heap up for themselves teachers; and they will turn their ears away from the truth, and be turned aside to fables. [←593]
An introduction, preface, or preamble. [←594]
This is an introduction to a discourse, giving the listener a brief overview to help them follow along as it unfolds. [←595]
That is, rhythmic, in sing-song fashion. [←596]
Celerity: having a rapid rate, like a machine-gun. [←597]
See Chapter 31 and Chapter 33 above. [←598]
Able to be physically sensed: affecting one or more of the five physical senses. [←599]
Commemorative. [←600]
Diagnostic. [←601]
Prognostic. [←602]
Romans 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while still uncircumcised, that he might be the father of all those who believe, though they are uncircumcised, that righteousness might be imputed to them also; [←603]
That is, being baptized without saving faith, does not signify new birth; nor does taking Communion without saving faith, seal the blessings of salvation and forgiveness of sins to the individual. 1 Corinthians 11:27-29 Whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy manner eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body. [←604]
The declaration of something that is self-evident in the sign, like an attribute or quality of what is signified. [←605]
Romans 2:29 but he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the Spirit... [←606]
Luke 22:20 Likewise He also took the cup after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is shed for you. Matthew 26:26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to the disciples and said, "Take, eat; this is My body." [←607]
Titus 3:5 not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit; [←608]
1 Corinthians 10:16 The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? [←609]
1 Corinthians 10:2 all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, 3 all ate the same spiritual food, [←610]
That is, in the instructions to the Church. [←611]
Reciprocal: interchangeable. Originally worded “(as neither the other two)”, meaning “(unlike the other two)”. [←612]
2 Corinthians 2:9 For to this end I also wrote, that I might put you to the test, whether you are obedient in all things. [←613]
Matthew 16:19 "And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." Matthew 18:15-17 "Moreover if your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone. If he hears you, you have gained your brother. "But if he will not hear, take with you one or two more, that ‘by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established.’ "And if he refuses to hear them, tell it to the church. But if he refuses even to hear the church, let him be to you like a heathen and a tax collector. [←614]
That is, by Divine authority. “Right” is similarly used in chap. 35.4, on page [154]. [←615]
Matthew 18:15 "Moreover if your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone. If he hears you, you have gained your brother. 1 Corinthians 5:11 But now I have written to you not to keep company with anyone named a brother, who is sexually immoral, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or an extortioner — not even to eat with such a person. 1 Corinthians 5:12 For what have I to do with judging those also who are outside? Do you not judge those who are inside? [←616]
2 Corinthians 10:4-5 For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal but mighty in God for pulling down strongholds, casting down arguments and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, bringing every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ; [←617]
A paste or medicinal dressing applied to the skin for healing purposes. [←618]
1 Corinthians 5:5 deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus. [←619]
Matthew 28:20 "teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; [←620]
John 9:22 His parents said these things because they feared the Jews, for the Jews had agreed already that if anyone confessed that He was Christ, he would be put out of the synagogue [GNV excommunicated: the act of banishing a member of a church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the church; cutting a person off from religious society, as in 2 Timothy 3:5; Titus 3:10. The practice was widely abused by Roman Catholics.] [←621]
DRA 1 Corinthians 16:22 If any man love not our Lord Jesus Christ, let him be anathema; [accursed – something devoted to God as a sacrifice, without hope of being redeemed; doomed to destruction.] [←622]
Chiding, rebuking, reproving, censuring. [←623]
Personally in private; in front of one or two witnesses; in front of the Church. [←624]
1 Timothy 5:20 Those who are sinning rebuke in the presence of all, that the rest also may fear. [The context would suggest this is in regard to an elder who sins, 1 Timothy 5:1; but Ames applies it as a general rule for all public sins.] [←625]
A full or comprehensive excommunication (treated as a non-believer). [←626]
Obstinate rebelliousness and insubordination; resistance to authority; refusal to accept the judgment of the Church, or to comply with its correction. In a secular court, it would be a finding of contempt. [←627]
Speech, prayer, greeting, association, and food are forbidden. The sentence of excommunication. [←628]
Revelation 17:5 And on her forehead a name was written: MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. [Typically interpreted as the Romish Church.] [←629]
Hebrews 9:9-10 It was symbolic for the present time in which both gifts and sacrifices are offered which cannot make him who performed the service perfect in regard to the conscience — concerned only with foods and drinks, various washings, and fleshly ordinances imposed until the time of reformation. Romans 9:7-8 nor are they all children because they are the seed of Abraham; but, "In Isaac your seed shall be called." That is, those who are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God; but the children of the promise are counted as the seed. [←630]
Having power to atone for or offered by way of expiation (compensation) or propitiation (appeasement). [←631]
Romans 12:1 I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable service. [←632]
Jude 1:14-15 Now Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied about these men also, saying, "Behold, the Lord comes with ten thousands of His saints, to execute judgment on all, to convict all who are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have committed in an ungodly way, and of all the harsh things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him." 1 Peter 3:20-21 who formerly were disobedient, when once the Divine longsuffering waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water. There is also an antitype which now saves us — baptism (not the removal of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God), through the resurrection of Jesus Christ; [←633]
Hebrews 11:7 By faith Noah, being divinely warned of things not yet seen, moved with godly fear, prepared an ark for the saving of his household, by which he condemned the world and became heir of the righteousness which is according to faith. [←634]
Exodus 18:12 Then Jethro, Moses ‘ father-in-law, took a burnt offering and other sacrifices to offer to God. And Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat bread with Moses ‘ father-in-law before God. [←635]
Genesis 21:12 But God said to Abraham, "Do not let it be displeasing in your sight because of the lad or because of your bondwoman. Whatever Sarah has said to you, listen to her voice; for in Isaac your seed shall be called. Romans 9:11-13 (for the children not yet being born, nor having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works but of Him who calls), it was said to her, "The older shall serve the younger." As it is written, "Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated." [←636]
Genesis 14:18-19 Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine; he was the priest of God Most High. And he blessed him and said: "Blessed be Abram of God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth; [←637]
Genesis 22:18 "In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed, because you have obeyed My voice." [←638]
Hebrews 11:8-10 By faith Abraham obeyed when he was called to go out to the place which he would receive as an inheritance. And he went out, not knowing where he was going. By faith he dwelt in the land of promise as in a foreign country, dwelling in tents with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise; for he waited for the city which has foundations, whose builder and maker is God. [←639]
Galatians 4:26-31 but the Jerusalem above is free, which is the mother of us all. Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are children of promise. But, as he who was born according to the flesh then persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, even so it is now. Nevertheless what does the Scripture say? "Cast out the bondwoman and her son, for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman." So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman but of the free. [←640]
Colossians 2:11 In Him you were also circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ; Deuteronomy 30:6 "And the LORD your God will circumcise your heart and the heart of your descendants, to love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, that you may live. [←641]
Canaan here refers to the Promised Land which God gave to His people, not to the land of the Canaanites. [←642]
Matthew 2:15 and was there until the death of Herod, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, "Out of Egypt I called My Son." [←643]
John 3:14 "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up; John 12:32 "And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all peoples to Myself." [←644]
1 Corinthians 10:2 all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea; Isaiah 4:5 then the LORD will create above every dwelling place of Mount Zion, and above her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day and the shining of a flaming fire by night. For over all the glory there will be a covering. [←645]
1 Corinthians 10:3-4 all ate the same spiritual food, and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them, and that Rock was Christ. John 6:32-33 Then Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, Moses did not give you the bread from heaven, but My Father gives you the true bread from heaven. "For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world." [←646]
Hebrews 12:2 looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith, who for the joy that was set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, and has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God. [←647]
1 Corinthians 5:7 For indeed Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us. [←648]
Exodus 13:15 `And it came to pass, when Pharaoh was stubborn about letting us go, that the LORD killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of beast. Therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all males that open the womb, but all the firstborn of my sons I redeem.' [←649]
Numbers 8:6-7 "Take the Levites from among the children of Israel and cleanse them ceremonially. "Thus you shall do to them to cleanse them: Sprinkle water of purification on them, and let them shave all their body, and let them wash their clothes, and so make themselves clean. [←650]
Exodus 26:33 "And you shall hang the veil from the clasps. Then you shall bring the ark of the Testimony in there, behind the veil. The veil shall be a divider for you between the holy place and the Most Holy. Joshua 18:1 Now the whole congregation of the children of Israel assembled together at Shiloh, and set up the tabernacle of meeting there. And the land was subdued before them. [←651]
Acts 2:5-6 And there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men, from every nation under heaven. And when this sound occurred, the multitude came together, and were confused, because everyone heard them speak in his own language. Acts 2:8-11 "And how is it that we hear, each in our own language in which we were born? "Parthians and Medes and Elamites, those dwelling in Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, "Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya adjoining Cyrene, visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, "Cretans and Arabs — we hear them speaking in our own tongues the wonderful works of God." Acts 8:27 So he arose and went. And behold, a man of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under Candace the queen of the Ethiopians, who had charge of all her treasury, and had come to Jerusalem to worship, [←652]
Numbers 3:6-10 "Bring the tribe of Levi near, and present them before Aaron the priest, that they may serve him. "And they shall attend to his needs and the needs of the whole congregation before the tabernacle of meeting, to do the work of the tabernacle. "Also they shall attend to all the furnishings of the tabernacle of meeting, and to the needs of the children of Israel, to do the work of the tabernacle. "And you shall give the Levites to Aaron and his sons; they are given entirely to him from among the children of Israel. "So you shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall attend to their priesthood; but the outsider who comes near shall be put to death." [←653]
Numbers 4:46-47 All who were numbered of the Levites, ... from thirty years old and above, even to fifty years old, everyone who came to do the work of service and the work of bearing burdens in the tabernacle of meeting [the rest of what Ames lists is reasonably deduced from the requirements of their Priestly and Levitical duties]. [←654]
Matthew 5:17 “Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill.” [←655]
2 Corinthians 3:12-14 Therefore, since we have such hope, we use great boldness of speech – unlike Moses, who put a veil over his face so that the children of Israel could not look steadily at the end of what was passing away. But their minds were blinded. For until this day the same veil remains unlifted in the reading of the Old Testament, because the veil is taken away in Christ. [←656]
A list of charges that was nailed above those who were crucified, so onlookers would know their crimes. [←657]
Colossians 2:14 having wiped out the handwriting of requirements that was against us, which was contrary to us. And He has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross... Colossians 2:17 which are a shadow of things to come, but the substance is of Christ. [←658]
Alluding to the two Tablets of the Law which Moses brought down from the Mount. Ames is suggesting that any such thing effectively reimposes the Law on us, which Christ fulfilled on our behalf. Why would he relieve us of the old Law, only to burden us with a new Law? Salvation is either of Law, or it is of Grace (Romans 6:14). [←659]
Intensively: the inward virtue of a thing; extensively: the outward acts of a thing. [←660]
2 Corinthians 3:6 who also made us sufficient as ministers of the new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life. [←661]
2 Corinthians 3:17-18 Now the Lord is the Spirit; and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. But we all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as by the Spirit of the Lord. [←662]
2 Corinthians 3:11 For if what is passing away was glorious, what remains is much more glorious. [←663]
Ephesians 4:13 till we all come to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a perfect man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ; [←664]
That is, the Temple. [←665]
That is, the Synagogues – see chap. 38, thesis 37. [←666]
This is Ames ‘ principle of Congregationalism. “He believed in independent, voluntary congregations, but not separatism. He was one of the founders of the Congregationalist movement among Puritans.” – “Ames,” Evangelical Dict. of Theology, 2nd ed. (Baker House, Grand Rapids MI, 2007) ed. Walter Elwell, p. 52. [←667]
The House of Nassau is a diverse aristocratic dynasty in Europe. It is named after the lordship associated with Nassau Castle, located in present-day Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. [←668]
1 Thessalonians 2:14 For you, brethren, became imitators of the churches of God which are in Judea in Christ Jesus. Acts 14:23 So when they had appointed elders in every church. Acts 15:41 And he went through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches. Romans 16:4-5 to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Romans 16:16 The churches of Christ greet you. 1 Corinthians 16:1 Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given orders to the churches of Galatia, so you must do also: 1 Corinthians 16:19 The churches of Asia greet you. 2 Corinthians 8:1 Moreover, brethren, we make known to you the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia: 2 Corinthians 8:18-19 And we have sent with him the brother whose praise is in the gospel throughout all the churches, and not only that, but who was also chosen by the churches to travel with us with this gift; Galatians 1:2 To the churches of Galatia: Galatians 1:22 And I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea which were in Christ. [←669]
Acts 2:44 Now all who believed were together, and had all things in common; Acts 5:12 And they were all with one accord in Solomon’s Porch. Acts 14:27 Now when they had come and gathered the church together, they reported all that God had done with them, and that He had opened the door of faith to the Gentiles. Acts 15:25 it seemed good to us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men to you; Acts 21:22 "What then? The assembly must certainly meet, for they will hear that you have come. 1 Corinthians 5:4 In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when you are gathered together, along with my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ; 1 Corinthians 14:23 Therefore if the whole church comes together in one place; 1 Corinthians 14:26 How is it then, brethren? Whenever you come together, each of you has a psalm, has a teaching, has a tongue, has a revelation, has an interpretation. Let all things be done for edification. 1 Corinthians 11:17 Now in giving these instructions I do not praise you, since you come together not for the better but for the worse. 1 Corinthians 11:33 Therefore, my brethren, when you come together to eat, wait for one another. [←670]
Acts 14:23 So when they [i.e. Paul and Barnabas] had appointed elders in every church, and prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord in whom they had believed. [←671]
Originally, “Imposition of hands.” [←672]
Transparently clear; easily understood. [←673]
Based on his congregational views expressed in the previous chapter, Ames is not suggesting that these are Ministers approved by the State, but ordained under the laws of God. He sees this as a requirement to administer the Sacraments, because sacraments should be joined with sound teaching to ensure right doctrine and practice. As he wrote in The Substance of Christian Religion (1659), “in any ordinary way, faith is never so confirmed and strengthened as it is when Sacraments are joined with the Word,” p. 168. Further, he sees these as corporate and not private sacraments, thus warning against their use outside the assembly. [←674]
That is, buried. [←675]
Referring to ceremonial washing using water from the Laver in the Tabernacle (Exodus 30:18-19; Exodus 40:30-31). [←676]
Romans 6:3-5 Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection; [←677]
Romans 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while still uncircumcised, that he might be the father of all those who believe, though they are uncircumcised, that righteousness might be imputed to them also; Galatians 3:7-8 Therefore know that only those who are of faith are sons of Abraham. And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel to Abraham beforehand, saying, "In you all the nations shall be blessed." [←678]
Colossians 2:11-12 In Him you were also circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, buried with Him in baptism, in which you also were raised with Him through faith in the working of God, who raised Him from the dead. [←679]
Hebrews 9:12 Not with the blood of goats and calves, but with His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption. [←680]
John 6:51 "I am the living bread which came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread that I shall give is My flesh, which I shall give for the life of the world." [←681]
1 Corinthians 11:26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death till He comes. [←682]
The Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist. [←683]
The doctrine of the Lutherans and the High Anglican Church that after the consecration of the Eucharist, the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine. [←684]
Language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense. [←685]
Substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself (as in ‘they counted heads ‘). [←686]
Logic: a declaration of something self-evident, and thus it is assumed to be literal. [←687]
An equating verb that links the subject with the complement of a sentence. In the phrase, “he became a doctor,” the verb “became” is the copula. [←688]
Substituting a more inclusive term for a less inclusive one, or vice versa, as in “fifty head of cattle.” [←689]
Luke 21:28 "Now when these things begin to happen, ...your redemption draws near." Romans 8:23 we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly waiting for the adoption, the redemption of our body. Ephesians 1:14 who is the guarantee of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of His glory. [←690]
Acts 10:42 "And He commanded us to preach to the people, and to testify that it is He who was ordained by God to be Judge of the living and the dead. [←691]
Acts 1:11 who also said, "Men of Galilee, why do you stand gazing up into heaven? This same Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will so come in like manner as you saw Him go into heaven." [←692]
Matthew 24:30 "Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. Titus 2:13 looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ; [←693]
2 Thessalonians 1:7-10 and to give you who are troubled rest with us when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with His mighty angels, in flaming fire taking vengeance on those who do not know God, and on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. These shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power, when He comes, in that Day, to be glorified in His saints and to be admired among all those who believe, because our testimony among you was believed. [←694]
2 Corinthians 5:10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive the things done in the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad. [←695]
Either before the fact or after the fact – it is not an evidentiary event. [←696]
Matthew 24:31 "And He will send His angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they will gather together His elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. [←697]
Colossians 3:4 When Christ who is our life appears, then you also will appear with Him in glory. 1 Thessalonians 4:14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with Him those who sleep in Jesus. [←698]
John 5:28-29 "Do not marvel at this; for the hour is coming in which all who are in the graves will hear His voice "and come forth — those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of condemnation. [←699]
John 5:22 "For the Father judges no one, but has committed all judgment to the Son. [←700]
1 Thessalonians 4:17 Then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And thus we shall always be with the Lord. [←701]
  Matthew 24:36 "But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, but My Father only. [←702]
Revelation 20:12 And I saw the dead, small and great, standing before God, and books were opened. And another book was opened, which is the Book of Life. And the dead were judged according to their works, by the things which were written in the books. [←703]
And those true causes are the works of Christ, accounted to believers by God’s grace, through faith in Christ. Ephesians 2:8-9 For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast. Titus 3:5 not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit; [←704]
John 5:26-27 "For as the Father has life in Himself, so He has granted the Son to have life in Himself, "and has given Him authority to execute judgment also, because He is the Son of Man. [←705]
1 Corinthians 6:3 Do you not know that we shall judge angels? [←706]
Revelation 20:13-14 The sea gave up the dead who were in it, and Death and Hades delivered up the dead who were in them. And they were judged, each one according to his works. Then Death and Hades were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death. [←707]
The sketchy logic is this: If purgatory is no longer necessary to perfect a soul for eternal life after Judgment, and if those who were in Purgatory at the moment of Judgment were not yet perfected, but were still entirely saved by Christ through faith (John 6:40), then what need is there for Purgatory before the Judgment, or at all? (Galatians 3:3) [←708]
2 Peter 3:10 But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night, in which the heavens will pass away with a great noise, and the elements will melt with fervent heat; both the earth and the works that are in it will be burned up. 1 Corinthians 15:51-52 Behold, I tell you a mystery: We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed — in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. Hebrews 1:10-12 And: "You, LORD, in the beginning laid the foundation of the earth, And the heavens are the work of Your hands. They will perish, but You remain; And they will all grow old like a garment; Like a cloak You will fold them up, And they will be changed. But You are the same, And Your years will not fail." (Psalms 102:25-27) [←709]
1 Kings 2:45 "But King Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the LORD forever." 1 Timothy 1:17 Now to the King eternal... Hebrews 7:25 Therefore He is also able to save to the uttermost those who come to God through Him, since He always lives to make intercession for them. [←710]
Matthew 6:10. [←711]
Romans 8:7 Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be. [←712]
Luke 1:74 To grant us that we, Being delivered from the hand of our enemies, Might serve Him without fear; Romans 6:16 Do you not know that to whom you present yourselves slaves to obey, you are that one’s slaves whom you obey, whether of sin leading to death, or of obedience leading to righteousness? [←713]
Romans 6:18 having been set free from sin, you became slaves of righteousness. Romans 6:22 having been set free from sin, and having become slaves of God, you have your fruit to holiness, and the end, everlasting life. [←714]
John 3:2 This man came to Jesus by night and said to Him, "Rabbi, we know that You are a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that You do unless God is with him." [←715]
Geneva and Douay Rheims Bibles. [←716]
Douay Rheims Bible. [←717]
John 15:4-5 "Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in Me. "I am the vine, you are the branches. He who abides in Me, and I in him, bears much fruit; for without Me you can do nothing. [←718]
Deuteronomy 32:46-47 and He said to them: "Set your hearts on all the words which I testify among you today, which you shall command your children to be careful to observe — all the words of this law. "For it is not a futile thing for you, because it is your life, and by this word you shall prolong your days in the land which you cross over the Jordan to possess." [←719]
That is, it would not be complete so that it may be known; and it must be known if it is to be rightly obeyed. [←720]
Revoked or abolished. [←721]
That is, in Adam’s state prior to the Fall. [←722]
1 Kings 11:31 And he said to Jeroboam, "Take for yourself ten pieces, for thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: ‘Behold, I will tear the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon and will give ten tribes to you; 2 Chronicles 13:5-7 "Should you not know that the LORD God of Israel gave the dominion over Israel to David forever, to him and his sons, by a covenant of salt? "Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, rose up and rebelled against his lord. "Then worthless rogues gathered to him, and strengthened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was young and inexperienced and could not withstand them. [←723]
Ephesians 2:10 For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them. [←724]
Romans 4:4 Now to him who works, the wages are not counted as grace but as debt. [←725]
Samuel Bolton (1606-1654), in his book The True Bounds of Christian Freedom, lists nine differences between legal obedience and evangelical obedience: (1) a slavish vs. a childlike spirit; (2) burdensome vs. delightful; (3) conviction of conscience vs. necessity of new nature; (4) satisfaction in duty vs. satisfaction in Christ; (5) shell vs. substance; (6) performs to live vs. lives to Christ; (7) formality vs. fervency; (8) performs when pressured vs. performs out of happiness; (9) duty with reluctance vs. duty with delight. [←726]
Matthew 6:3-4 "But when you do a charitable deed, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, "that your charitable deed may be in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will Himself reward you openly. [←727]
Of a foreign nature; not akin to the life of the Spirit. [←728]
1 Thessalonians 5:23 Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you completely; and may your whole spirit, soul, and body be preserved blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. 1 Corinthians 6:20 For you were bought at a price; therefore glorify God in your body and in your spirit, which are God’s. [←729]
Galatians 4:18 But it is good to be zealous in a good thing always, and not only when I am present with you. [←730]
Liveliness and eagerness. [←731]
Not just the person in general, but the particular faculty that drives virtue, which Ames asserts is the Will. [←732]
Romans 7:19 For the good that I will to do, I do not do; but the evil I will not to do, that I practice... Romans 7:21 I find then a law, that evil is present with me, the one who wills to do good. [←733]
Vice-prone. [←734]
Romans 7:17 But now, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells in me... Romans 7:20 Now if I do what I will not to do, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells in me... Romans 7:23 But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. [←735]
In other words, when virtue drives an action, it is a virtuous action; and that is not negated by the fact that we usually abuse our knowledge of what is right and good, by doing what is evil. [←736]
i.e., intellect (knowledge, logic, etc.) doesn ‘t exactly correspond to virtue; intellect is not “virtue” in itself. The reason is given in the next thesis: knowledge of virtue isn’t virtue; virtue always produces virtuous action. [←737]
What Ames and the King James Bible term “well-doing”: Romans 2:7; Galatians 6:9; 2 Thessalonians 3:13; 1 Peter 2:15; 1 Peter 3:17; 1 Peter 4:19. [←738]
The Lesbian Rule is a flexible mason’s ruler made of lead. It could be bent to the curves of a moulding. Aristotle said that the Law (what is right and just) is not a fixed rule in every situation, but must be bent (shaped) to the variables, to yield what is equitable. However, though all men are generally capable of perception, not all are qualified to adapt the Law to obtain a just outcome. Only some are “moral men”. By their experience (their habit or ‘ethic ‘) and their ability to recognize relevant distinctions, they are qualified to “mould” or shape the Law to fit the circumstances and obtain the good. Nicomachean Ethics (espec. bk 2, ch. 1; bk 5, ch. 10) [←739]
Titus 2:11-12 For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age, [←740]
Peter Ramus (1515-1572) was a renowned French humanist, logician, and educational reformer. He converted to Protestantism in 1561, and was killed during the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 1572. He was anti-Aristotelian. In "Dialecticae partitiones," Ramus recommended the use of summaries, headings, citations and examples as a means to replace the old Aristotelian logic of the Scholastics (dialogue), with a new science of reason (dialectic). A school of Ramists arose in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. [←741]
Romans 6:22 But now having been set free from sin, and having become slaves of God, you have your fruit to holiness, and the end, everlasting life. [←742]
In classical writings, the four CARDINAL VIRTUES are Justice, Prudence, Fortitude (or courage), and Temperance. [←743]
1 Corinthians 6:12 All things are lawful for me, but all things are not helpful. All things are lawful for me, but I will not be brought under the power of any. 1 Corinthians 10:23 All things are lawful for me1, but not all things are helpful; all things are lawful for me, but not all things edify. [←744]
1 Corinthians 2:15 But he who is spiritual judges all things... Php_1:9-10 And this I pray, that your love may abound still more and more in knowledge and all discernment, that you may approve the things that are excellent, that you may be sincere and without offense.... [←745]
KJV  Ephesians 4:17 that you henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their mind; KJV  Romans 1:28 And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; to retain: or, to acknowledge a reprobate...: or, a mind void of judgment or, an unapproving mind. [←746]
Matthew 25:5 But while the bridegroom was delayed, they all slumbered and slept. Matthew 25:13 "Watch therefore, for you know neither the day nor the hour1 in which the Son of Man is coming. [←747]
This was changed from the original “third general affection.” The term “condition” from thesis 25 was added to each Cardinal virtue as it was named. But here in thesis 30, Ames instead used “general affection,” thus equating general affection with a condition – a necessary attribute or disposition of the mind and heart that affects our will, and thus our affection for doing good. [←748]
“Christ” in Hebrew is mashiach, Messiah, “the anointed.” It is unclear what point Ames is making, except perhaps that Christ is the embodiment of what it means to be virtuous and brave – see next footnote. [←749]
Proverbs 31:10 “Who can find a virtuous wife?” Virtuous is the Hebrew חַיִל chayil, meaning power, strength, wealth, and even army. The LXX translates it to the Greek as ἀνδρείαν andreian, meaning manly, courageous, or brave — attributes of a warrior. John Gill’s commentary on Proverbs 31:10 applies this description to the Church: a “woman of strength, valour, and courage, as the word signifies when used of men, 1 Samuel 16:18 [which describes David as a ‘man of valour ‘ – chayil]; The church is militant, has many enemies, and these are powerful and mighty, as well as cunning and crafty; yet with all their power and policy, they cannot overcome her; the gates of hell cannot prevail against her; she engages with them all, and is more than a conqueror over them; she is of great spiritual strength, which she has from Christ, to fight the Lord’s battles, to withstand every enemy, to exercise grace, and do every good work; and all her true members persevere to the end.” [←750]
Ephesians 3:16 that He would grant you, according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with might through His Spirit in the inner man; [←751]
Acts 4:29 "Now, Lord, look on their threats, and grant to Your servants that with all boldness they may speak Your word, [←752]
Greek ὑπομονῆς hupomone: alternately translated endurance. [←753]
1 Peter 5:8 Be sober, be vigilant; because1 your adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour. [←754]
1 Timothy 1:5 Now the purpose of the commandment is love from a pure heart, from a good conscience, and from sincere faith; 1 Peter 2:22 "Who committed no sin, Nor was deceit found in His mouth"; [←755]
2 Peter 1:5-7 But also for this very reason, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue, to virtue knowledge, to knowledge self-control, to self-control perseverance, to perseverance godliness, to godliness brotherly kindness, and to brotherly kindness love. [←756]
Usually translated “self-control;” KJV and Geneva bibles, “temperance;” Douay-Rheims, “abstinence.” [←757]
Or conditions. See footnote for thesis 30 above. [←758]
The four Virtues initially came from Plato, as discussed in Republic (dialogue) Book IV. They were expanded on by Cicero, and adapted by Ambrose, Augustine, and Thomas Aquinas (Summa Theologica II (I).61). [←759]
Mediocrity: the mean. [←760]
It is sometimes said that virtue, like ethics, is not evidenced in choosing between obvious good and evil, but rather choosing between the lesser of two evils which first need to be valued, and then weighed against each other. [←761]
That is, the intent to be virtuous cannot be “in the extreme”, as if one could want too much to be virtuous. [←762]
Vicious habits, i.e., habits of vice. [←763]
As the real mean or reason. See Thomas Aquinas ‘ Summa Theologica, Vol. 23 Virtue, 1a2ae ques. 55-67. [←764]
Specific meaning the same in kind. [←765]
Ecclesiastes 7:16 Do not be overly righteous, Nor be overly wise: Why should you destroy yourself? [i.e. self-righteousness, and proud of one’s own wisdom, as with the Pharisee in Luke 18:11-12.] [←766]
Php_1:9 And this I pray, that your love may abound still more and more in knowledge and all discernment; [←767]
Romans 12:6 Having then gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us, let us use them: Ephesians 4:7 But to each one of us grace was given according to the measure of Christ’s gift. [←768]
Hebrews 5:13-14 For everyone who partakes only of milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, for he is a babe. But solid food belongs to those who are of full age, that is, those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil. [←769]
1 Corinthians 12:4-7 There are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. There are differences of ministries, but the same Lord. And there are diversities of activities, but it is the same God who works all in all. But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to each one for the profit of all: etc. [←770]
James 2:10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one point, he is guilty of all. [←771]
1 Corinthians 13:1-2 ff. Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I have become sounding brass or a clanging cymbal. And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, but have not love, I am nothing, etc. [←772]
Matthew 12:33 "Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or else make the tree bad and its fruit bad; for a tree is known by its fruit. [←773]
Thus, our will to drink water includes the will to have water available, the means to obtain that water, and the means by which to drink it. However, also having a need for our child to drink, and insufficient water for both, our will to drink the water ourselves may change, even though our desire remains. [←774]
Not essential. [←775]
Such as killing a man in battle, or executing a murderer. [←776]
One who kills an innocent, or frees the guilty, out of ignorance or mistake, may not be evil so far as the intent which led to their evil actions; they may only be deceived. “I was just following orders”, etc. [←777]
Romans 4:4 Now to him who works, the wages are not counted as grace but as debt. [←778]
Matthew 5:12 "Rejoice and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you. [←779]
Romans 6:23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. [←780]
DRA  2 Corinthians 8:10-11 And herein I give my advice; for this is profitable for you, who have begun not only to do, but also to be willing, a year ago. Now therefore perform it also in deed; that as your mind is forward to be willing, so it may be also to perform, out of that which you have. [←781]
Geneva Bible. [←782]
Matthew 5:28 "But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. (see thesis 33 below). [←783]
Romans 13:7 Render therefore to all their due: taxes to whom taxes are due, customs to whom customs, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor. [←784]
Originally, “vainglory,” which is outspoken conceit or boastfulness – “to be seen by men” (Matthew 6:1). [←785]
2 Corinthians 8:12 For if there is first a willing mind, it is accepted according to what one has, and not according to what he does not have. [←786]
Exodus 21:20-25 "And if a man beats his male or female servant with a rod, so that he dies under his hand, he shall surely be punished. "Notwithstanding, if he remains alive a day or two, he shall not be punished; for he is his property. "If men fight, and hurt a woman with child, so that she gives birth prematurely, yet no harm follows, he shall surely be punished accordingly, as the woman's husband imposes on him; and he shall pay as the judges determine. "But if any harm follows, then you shall give life for life, "eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, "burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. [←787]
An effort above and beyond the call of duty, or what is required by the Law. [←788]
Dotings: the foolish imaginings of senility; or indulgences and extravagances lavished on another. [←789]
Matthew 22:37-40 Jesus said to him, "`You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind1.' "This is the first and great commandment. "And the second is like it:`You shall love your neighbor as yourself1.' "On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets." [←790]
Romans 1:17-18 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, "The just shall live by faith [i.e. belief and trust in God alone – 1st Tablet]." For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men [2nd Tablet], who suppress the truth in unrighteousness; [←791]
Titus 2:12 teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly [with temperance], righteously, and godly [with piety] in the present age; [←792]
Luke 1:75 In holiness and righteousness before Him all the days of our life. Ephesians 4:24 and that you put on the new man which was created according to God, in true righteousness and holiness. [←793]
Luke 10:27. [←794]
Acts 26:5 "They knew me from the first, if they were willing to testify, that according to the strictest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee. James 1:26-27 If anyone among you1 thinks he is religious, and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his own heart, this one's religion is useless. Pure and undefiled religion before God and the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their trouble, and to keep oneself unspotted from the world. [←795]
Psalms 63:1 O God, You are my God; Early will I seek You; My soul thirsts for You; My flesh longs for You In a dry and thirsty land Where there is no water. See also, Psalms 143:6; Psalms 84:2; Psalms 42:1-2. [←796]
Matthew 12:1 At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. And His disciples were hungry, and began to pluck heads of grain and to eat... Matthew 12:3-4 But He said to them, "Have you not read what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him: "how he entered the house of God and ate the showbread which was not lawful for him to eat, nor for those who were with him, but only for the priests?... Matthew 12:7 "But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the guiltless... Matthew 12:10 And behold, there was a man who had a withered hand. And they asked Him, saying, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?" – that they might accuse Him... Matthew 12:12 "Of how much more value then is a man than a sheep? Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath." [←797]
GNV Exodus 34:6-8  So the Lord passed before his face, and cried, The Lord, the Lord, strong, merciful, and gracious, slow to anger, and abundant in goodness and truth, Reserving mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity, and transgression and sin, and not making the wicked innocent, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon you children, and upon children’s children, unto the third and fourth generation. Then Moses made haste and bowed himself to the earth, and worshipped. [←798]
Douay Rheims: DRA  John 4:23 But the hour comes, and now is, when the true adorers shall adore the Father in spirit and in truth. For the Father also seeks such to adore him. [←799]
This thesis and the next four deal with our duty to rightly submit to a human superior, without violating our duty to worship God alone. And so they distinguish proper submission from idolatrous worship. [←800]
Acts 7:40-41 "saying to Aaron, ‘Make us gods to go before us; as for this Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him1.' "And they made a calf in those days, offered sacrifices to the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands. Revelation 19:10 And I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, "See that you do not do that! I am your fellow servant, and of your brethren who have the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy." Revelation 22:8 Now I, John, saw and heard1 these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel who showed me these things. 9 Then he said to me, "See that you do not do that. For1 I am your fellow servant, and of your brethren the prophets, and of those who keep the words of this book. Worship God." [←801]
Hebrews 11:6 But without faith it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes to God must believe that He is, and that He is a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him. [←802]
The Sermon on the Mount. For example, Matthew 5:13-16 "You are the salt of the earth; but if the salt loses its flavor, how shall it be seasoned? It is then good for nothing but to be thrown out and trampled underfoot by men. "You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden. "Nor do they light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in the house. "Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven; etc. [←803]
That is, worship inclines toward, draws near, or is favorably disposed to God. [←804]
A choosing of it. [←805]
James 2:19 You believe that there is one God. You do well. Even the demons believe – and tremble! [←806]
Joshua 23:8 "but you shall hold fast to the LORD your God, as you have done to this day. KJV  Acts 11:23 Who, when he came, and had seen the grace of God, was glad, and exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord. 1 Corinthians 6:17 But he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit with Him. [←807]
Psalms 119:30-31 I have chosen the way of truth; Your judgments I have laid before me. I cling to Your testimonies; O LORD, do not put me to shame! [←808]
A predication is a declaration of something that is self-evident – e.g. God’s existence (Romans 1:20). [←809]
The MATERIAL object of our Faith (the promise), and the FORMAL object of our Faith (the Promisor). [←810]
2 Corinthians 3:18 But we all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as by the Spirit of the Lord. [←811]
Hebrews 13:17 Obey those who rule over you, and be submissive, for they watch out for your souls, as those who must give account. Let them do so with joy and not with grief, for that would be unprofitable for you. [←812]
Romans 10:9-10 that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation. [←813]
2 Peter 3:18 but grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. [←814]
1 Peter 2:12 having your conduct honorable among the Gentiles, that when they speak against you as evildoers, they may, by your good works which they observe, glorify God in the day of visitation. [←815]
Revelation 2:10 Be faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life. [←816]
Revelation 2:13 "I know your works, and where you dwell, where Satan's throne is. And you hold fast to My name, and did not deny My faith even in the days in which Antipas was My faithful martyr, who was killed among you, where Satan dwells. [←817]
Matthew 10:33 "But whoever denies Me before men, him I will also deny before My Father who is in heaven. Matthew 10:39 "He who finds his life will lose it, and he who loses his life for My sake will find it. Matthew 16:25 "For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it. [←818]
DRA  1 Corinthians 14:22-23 Wherefore tongues are for a sign, not to believers, but to unbelievers; but prophecies not to unbelievers, but to believers. If therefore the whole church comes together into one place, and all speak with tongues, and there come in unlearned persons or infidels, will they not say that you are mad? [Infidels are equated to unbelievers in this verse from the Douay Rheims translation; hence infidelity is equated to unbelief.] [←819]
1 Corinthians 8:10-11 For if anyone sees you who have knowledge eating in an idol's temple, will not the conscience of him who is weak be emboldened to eat those things offered to idols? And because of your knowledge shall the weak brother perish, for whom Christ died? [←820]
James 1:6-8 But let him ask in faith, with no doubting, for he who doubts is like a wave of the sea driven and tossed by the wind. For let not that man suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord; he is a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways. [←821]
1 Corinthians 15:1-2 Moreover, brethren, I declare to you the gospel which I preached to you, which also you received and in which you stand, by which also you are saved, if you hold fast that word which I preached to you – unless you believed in vain. [←822]
Titus 3:10 Reject a divisive man after the first and second admonition, 11 knowing that such a person is warped and sinning, being self-condemned. [Heresy, as commonly used, is any departure from orthodoxy – established truth] [←823]
1 Timothy 1:19-20 having faith and a good conscience, which some having rejected, concerning the faith have suffered shipwreck, of whom are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I delivered to Satan that they may learn not to blaspheme. 2 Timothy 1:13 Hold fast the pattern of sound words which you have heard from me, in faith and love which are in Christ Jesus. [Apostasy is damnable error, turning away from Christ’s salvation to another] [←824]
Romans 8:25 But if we hope for what we do not see, we eagerly wait for it with perseverance. [←825]
1 Peter 1:13 Therefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and rest your hope fully upon the grace that is to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ; [←826]
Hebrews 11:1 Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. 2 Corinthians 1:9-10 Yes, we had the sentence of death in ourselves, that we should not trust in ourselves but in God who raises the dead, who delivered us from so great a death, and does1 deliver us; in whom we trust that He will still deliver us, [←827]
Galatians 5:5 For we through the Spirit eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness by faith. Romans 8:24 For we were saved in this hope, but hope that is seen is not hope; for why does one still hope for what he sees? Titus 2:13 looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ; [←828]
Ephesians 6:17 And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God; 1 Thessalonians 5:8 But let us who are of the day be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love, and as a helmet the hope of salvation. [←829]
1 Chronicles 29:15 For we are aliens and pilgrims before You, As were all our fathers; Our days on earth are as a shadow, And without hope. Ezra 10:2 And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, spoke up and said to Ezra, "We have trespassed against our God, and have taken pagan wives from the peoples of the land; yet now there is hope in Israel in spite of this. Jeremiah 14:8 O the Hope of Israel, his Savior in time of trouble; [←830]
Because Faith and Hope share the promises of God in common, they are both therefore certain. [←831]
1 Corinthians 13:10 But when that which is perfect has come, then that which is in part will be done away. [←832]
1 Corinthians 13:13 And now abide faith, hope, love, these three; but the greatest of these is love. [←833]
Hebrews 11:1 Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. [←834]
1 Corinthians 13:4-5 Love suffers long and is kind; love does not envy; love does not parade itself, is not puffed up; does not behave rudely, does not seek its own, is not provoked, thinks no evil; [i.e., it seeks the good of others] [←835]
That is, the act of expectation (thesis 8 above). [←836]
Romans 5:3-4 And not only that, but we also glory in tribulations, knowing [eido: knowledge by seeing] that tribulation produces perseverance; and perseverance, character; and character, hope. [←837]
1 John 3:19 And by this we know that we are of the truth, and shall assure our hearts before Him. [←838]
Hebrews 10:22-23 let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for He who promised is faithful. [←839]
Study: a careful consideration of, and attention to. [←840]
Psalms 27:3 Though an army may encamp against me, My heart shall not fear; Though war should rise against me, In this I will be confident. [←841]
That is, the fear which both believers and unbelievers have before a holy and righteous God, is differently motivated: the believer hoping in grace, and the unbeliever dreading justice. [←842]
Hebrews 10:27 a certain fearful expectation of judgment, and fiery indignation which will devour the adversaries. [←843]
Genesis 4:13-14 And Cain said to the LORD, "My punishment is greater than I can bear! "Surely You have driven me out this day from the face of the ground; I shall be hidden from Your face; I shall be a fugitive and a vagabond on the earth, and it will happen that anyone who finds me will kill me." [←844]
Matthew 27:4-5 saying, "I have sinned by betraying innocent blood." And they said, "What is that to us? You see to it!" Then he threw down the pieces of silver in the temple and departed, and went and hanged himself. [←845]
Being deprived of something. [←846]
Psalms 33:17 A horse is a vain hope for safety; Neither shall it deliver any by its great strength. [←847]
Proverbs 19:18 Chasten your son while there is hope, And do not set your heart on his destruction. [←848]
Psalms 9:18 For the needy shall not always be forgotten; The expectation of the poor shall not perish forever. [←849]
Jeremiah 7:4 "Do not trust in these lying words, saying, ‘The temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD are these.' Jeremiah 7:8-10 "Behold, you trust in lying words that cannot profit. "Will you steal, murder, commit adultery, swear falsely, burn incense to Baal, and walk after other gods whom you do not know, "and then come and stand before Me in this house which is called by My name, and say, ‘We are delivered to do all these abominations '? [←850]
Jeremiah 17:5 Thus says the LORD: "Cursed is the man who trusts in man And makes flesh his strength, Whose heart departs from the LORD. 1 Timothy 6:17 Command those who are rich in this present age not to be haughty, nor to trust in uncertain riches but in the living God, who gives us richly all things to enjoy.  [←851]
Psalms 25:2-3 O my God, I trust in You; Let me not be ashamed; Let not my enemies triumph over me. Indeed, let no one who waits on You be ashamed; Let those be ashamed who deal treacherously without cause. [←852]
Luke 17:10 "So likewise you, when you have done all those things which you are commanded, say, ‘We are unprofitable servants. We have done what was our duty to do.'" Job 22:2-3 "Can a man be profitable to God, Though he who is wise may be profitable to himself? Is it any pleasure to the Almighty that you are righteous? Or is it gain to Him that you make your ways blameless? [←853]
Psalms 25:14 The secret of the LORD is with those who fear Him, And He will show them His covenant. [←854]
Romans 13:10 Love does no harm to a neighbor; therefore love is the fulfillment of the law. 1 John 2:5 But whoever keeps His word, truly the love of God is perfected in him. By this we know that we are in Him. 1 John 3:18 My little children, let us not love in word or in tongue, but in deed and in truth. [←855]
Genesis 15:1-2 After these things the word of the LORD came to Abram in a vision, saying, "Do not be afraid, Abram. I am your shield, your exceedingly great reward." But Abram said, "Lord GOD, what will You give me, seeing I go childless, and the heir of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?" [←856]
Genesis 17:1-12 When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to Abram and said to him, "I am Almighty God; walk before Me and be blameless. "And I will make My covenant between Me and you, and will multiply you exceedingly." [←857]
Valuably. [←858]
Matthew 10:37 "He who loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me. And he who loves son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me. Luke 14:26 "If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple. [←859]
Psalms 14:3 They have all turned aside, They have together become corrupt; There is none who does good, No, not one. [←860]
John 3:20 "For everyone practicing evil hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his deeds should be exposed. [←861]
That is, the expression or product of other virtues. Rather, Charity is a virtue in and of itself. [←862]
That is, they are directed toward God out of thanksgiving to him and for his glory — he is the object of our Charity. [←863]
This sounds self-contradictory: Charity is not a form of other virtues ...but by a metaphor it is. Ames is simply describing the immediacy of the connection between acts of Charity, and acts of other virtues that are motivated by Charity (1 Corinthians 13:1-3, “But if I have not charity...”). Charity is the motivation (the cause), not the form (the effect), of the acts of the other virtues; and yet, because of Charity, those acts become charitable (by a metaphor). In that sense only is Charity the form of those acts, and of the virtues which produced them. To get concrete, kindness is a virtue. Charity is not a form of kindness; rather kindness is an act that expresses Charity, and specifically when that Charity is directed (“referred”) to the glory of God, and motivated by the love of God. [←864]
Galatians 5:6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision avails anything, but faith working through love. [←865]
Dropping a rock in pool produces ripples in the water. The essential cause is dropping the rock; the complementary cause is the property of water such that it moves in waves. Dropping a rock on dirt does not produce the same effect. The act of dropping the rock is perfected, or completed, when the ripples begin to flow. [←866]
1 Corinthians 13:12 For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. [←867]
Psalms 40:8 I delight to do Your will, O my God, And Your law is within my heart." Psalms 119:11 Your word I have hidden in my heart, That I might not sin against You! Jeremiah 31:33 "But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the LORD: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. (quoted in Hebrews 8:10) [←868]
Psalms 119:31 I cling to Your testimonies; O LORD, do not put me to shame! James 1:21 Therefore lay aside all filthiness and overflow of wickedness, and receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls. [←869]
Romans 6:17 ...yet you obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine to which you were delivered [Gr. paradidomi: transferred into its ruling authority]. 2 Corinthians 3:18 But we all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as by the Spirit of the Lord. [←870]
Or so loves. [←871]
Originally, “sets at naught.” [←872]
That is, Pride is the end of every sin, for Pride glories in self-exaltation, which every sin serves. Pride makes the self, live to self, and not to God (Galatians 2:19). Pride makes the self into its own god, to be worshipped and satisfied by all, including itself (Exodus 20:3). And thus Pride is not only the end of every sin, but the beginning of every sin (Sir_10:13). Pride ensures the self is loved more than God, and loved to the exclusion of its neighbor — which are the two pegs on which hang all the Law and the Prophets (Matthew 22:37-40). Thus Pride violates all the Law and the Prophets. [←873]
Romans 8:7 Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be. Galatians 1:16 to reveal His Son in me, that I might preach Him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately confer with flesh and blood; [←874]
Isaiah 8:19 And when they say to you, "Seek those who are mediums and wizards, who whisper and mutter," should not a people seek their God? Should they seek the dead on behalf of the living? Deuteronomy 18:10-14 "There shall not be found among you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, or one who practices witchcraft, or a soothsayer, or one who interprets omens, or a sorcerer, "or one who conjures spells, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead. "For all who do these things are an abomination to the LORD, and because of these abominations the LORD your God drives them out from before you. "You shall be blameless before the LORD your God. "For these nations which you will dispossess listened to soothsayers and diviners; but as for you, the LORD your God has not appointed such for you. [←875]
Not Faith in Christ, but faith in another who has taken the place of Christ – i.e., misplaced Faith. [←876]
An intuitive judgement or feeling about the best way to act, that is not based on Scripture or reason; see thesis 33. [←877]
An outward or token appearance or form that is deliberately misleading. [←878]
Sympathies agree in their nature; Antipathies disagree in their nature. [←879]
Matthew 6:12 And forgive us our debts, As we forgive our debtors. [←880]
To introduce, or give to understand. Php_4:6 Be anxious for nothing, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known to God; [←881]
Psalms 10:17 LORD, You have heard the desire of the humble; You will prepare their heart; You will cause Your ear to hear; DRA  Romans 8:26 Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmity. For we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit himself asks for us with unspeakable groanings. [←882]
Genesis 32:28 And He said, "Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have struggled [Heb. sarah, to exert power or might, to contend] with God and with men, and have prevailed." Hosea 12:4-5 Yes, he struggled with the Angel and prevailed; He wept, and sought favor from Him. He found Him in Bethel, And there He spoke to us-- That is, the LORD God of hosts. The LORD is His memorable name. Romans 15:30 Now I beg you, brethren, through the Lord Jesus Christ, and through the love of the Spirit, that you strive together with me in prayers to God for me. [←883]
2 Corinthians 1:11 you also helping together in prayer for us, that thanks may be given by many persons on our behalf for the gift granted to us through many. [←884]
Psalms 139:2 You know my sitting down and my rising up; You understand my thought afar off. [←885]
That is, to our way of thinking. [←886]
Psalms 32:5 I acknowledged my sin to You, And my iniquity I have not hidden. I said, "I will confess my transgressions to the LORD," And You forgave the iniquity of my sin. Selah. [←887]
Psalms 79:9 Help us, O God of our salvation, For the glory of Your name; And deliver us, and provide atonement for our sins, For Your name's sake! [←888]
Ephesians 2:5-7 even when we were dead in trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), and raised us up together, and made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, that in the ages to come He might show the exceeding riches of His grace in His kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. [←889]
Psalms 19:12 Who can understand his errors? Cleanse me from secret faults. [←890]
Ezra 9:13 "And after all that has come upon us for our evil deeds and for our great guilt, since You our God have punished us less than our iniquities deserve, and have given us such deliverance as this. [←891]
Psalms 119:106 I have sworn and confirmed That I will keep Your righteous judgments. Psalms 119:112 I have inclined my heart to perform Your statutes Forever, to the very end. [←892]
Psalms 129:8 Neither let those who pass by them say, "The blessing of the LORD be upon you; We bless you in the name of the LORD!" Nehemiah 2:4 Then the king said to me, "What do you request?" So I prayed to the God of heaven. [←893]
Nehemiah 1:6 "...I pray before You now, day and night, for the children of Israel Your servants, and confess the sins of the children of Israel which we have sinned against You. Both my father's house and I have sinned. Luke 2:37 and this woman was a widow of about eighty-four years, who did not depart from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day. [←894]
1 Samuel 1:13 Now Hannah spoke in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard. [←895]
Hosea 14:2 Take words with you, And return to the LORD. Say to Him, "Take away all iniquity; Receive us graciously, For we will offer the sacrifices of our lips. [←896]
Matthew 6:7 "And when you pray, do not use vain repetitions as the heathen do. For they think that they will be heard for their many words. [←897]
Typically marked by halting speech, as “just the right words” are searched for; but the petition is not meant to be decorated with words, but conveyed by them. Or perhaps a flood of words proceeds without any focus (the mouth is engaged but not yet the mind); this may mean that the supply, as well as the Supplier, were ill-considered beforehand. [←898]
Simultaneosly and consequentially. [←899]
James 5:13 Is anyone among you suffering? Let him pray. Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing psalms. [←900]
Nehemiah 8:6 And Ezra blessed the LORD, the great God. Then all the people answered, "Amen, Amen!" while lifting up their hands. And they bowed their heads and worshiped the LORD with their faces to the ground. 1 Corinthians 14:16 Otherwise, if you bless with the spirit, how will he who occupies the place of the uninformed say "Amen " at your giving of thanks, since he does not understand what you say? [←901]
Alternatively requesting. [←902]
This was the Roman Catholic liturgy, yet it was also the Anglican liturgy using the Book of Common Prayer (1559). [←903]
Colossians 3:16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom, teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord. [←904]
1 Chronicles 16:34-36 Oh, give thanks to the LORD, for He is good! For His mercy endures forever. And say, "Save us, O God of our salvation; Gather us together, and deliver us from the Gentiles, To give thanks to Your holy name, To triumph in Your praise." Blessed be the LORD God of Israel From everlasting to everlasting! And all the people said, "Amen!" and praised the LORD. Mark 14:26 And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. [←905]
1 Corinthians 14:9 So likewise you, unless you utter by the tongue words easy to understand, how will it be known what is spoken? For you will be speaking into the air. [←906]
A prayer to avert or remove some evil or disaster. [←907]
To humbly ask for, supplicate, or entreat by prayer. [←908]
1 Timothy 2:1-3 Therefore I exhort first of all that supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks be made for all men, for kings and all who are in authority, that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and reverence. For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior; [←909]
Earnest prayer to obtain what is desired; a devout wish. [←910]
A prayer to avert or remove some evil or disaster. [←911]
1 Timothy 2:1 Therefore I exhort first of all that supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks be made for all men; [←912]
The act of calling down a curse that invokes evil on someone. Luke 9:54 And when His disciples James and John saw this, they said, "Lord, do You want us to command fire to come down from heaven and consume them, just as Elijah did?" [←913]
1 Corinthians 7:5 Do not deprive one another except with consent for a time, that you may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; Joel 1:14 Consecrate a fast, Call a sacred assembly; Gather the elders And all the inhabitants of the land Into the house of the LORD your God, And cry out to the LORD. Daniel 9:3-4 Then I set my face toward the Lord God to make request by prayer and supplications, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. And I prayed to the LORD my God, and made confession, and said, "O Lord, great and awesome God, who keeps His covenant and mercy with those who love Him, and with those who keep His commandments, [←914]
Mark 11:24 "Therefore I say to you, whatever things you ask when you pray, believe that you receive them, and you will have them. [←915]
Psalms 50:14-15 Offer to God thanksgiving, And pay your vows to the Most High. Call upon Me in the day of trouble; I will deliver you, and you shall glorify Me." [←916]
Esther 9:19 Therefore the Jews of the villages who dwelt in the unwalled towns celebrated the fourteenth day of the month of Adar with gladness and feasting, as a holiday, and for sending presents to one another. [←917]
Romans 8:28 And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose. [←918]
Hebrews 6:13 For when God made a promise to Abraham, because He could swear by no one greater, He swore by Himself... Hebrews 6:17 Thus God, determining to show more abundantly to the heirs of promise the immutability of His counsel, confirmed it by an oath; [←919]
Matthew 5:34-35 "But I say to you, do not swear at all: neither by heaven, for it is God's throne; "nor by the earth, for it is His footstool; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. Matthew 23:21-22 "He who swears by the temple, swears by it and by Him who dwells in it. "And he who swears by heaven, swears by the throne of God and by Him who sits on it. James 5:12 But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath. But let your "Yes," be "Yes," and your "No," "No," lest you fall into judgment. [←920]
Deuteronomy 6:13 "You shall fear the LORD your God and serve Him, and shall take oaths in His name. Isaiah 48:1 "Hear this, O house of Jacob, Who are called by the name of Israel, And have come forth from the wellsprings of Judah; Who swear by the name of the LORD, And make mention of the God of Israel, But not in truth or in righteousness; [←921]
Because both worship and oaths call upon the name of the Lord: Genesis 13:4 to the place of the altar which he had made there at first. And there Abram called on the name of the LORD. Genesis 31:53 "The God of Abraham, the God of Nahor, and the God of their father judge between us." And Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac. [←922]
1 Kings 2:23, 2 Kings 6:31. [←923]
Assertory – affirming. [←924]
2 Corinthians 1:23 Moreover I call God as witness against my soul, that to spare you I came no more to Corinth. [←925]
Containing a warning of punishment. [←926]
1 Samuel 20:12-15 Then Jonathan said to David: "The LORD God of Israel is witness! When I have sounded out my father sometime tomorrow, or the third day, and indeed there is good toward David, and I do not send to you and tell you, "may the LORD do so and much more to Jonathan. But if it pleases my father to do you evil, then I will report it to you and send you away, that you may go in safety. And the LORD be with you as He has been with my father. "And you shall not only show me the kindness of the LORD while I still live, that I may not die; "but you shall not cut off your kindness from my house forever, no, not when the LORD has cut off every one of the enemies of David from the face of the earth." [←927]
Joshua 9:19 Then all the rulers said to all the congregation, "We have sworn to them by the LORD God of Israel; now therefore, we may not touch them. Psalms 15:4 In whose eyes a vile person is despised, But he honors those who fear the LORD; He who swears to his own hurt and does not change; [←928]
Jeremiah 5:19 "And it will be when you say, ‘Why does the LORD our God do all these things to us?' then you shall answer them, ‘Just as you have forsaken Me and served foreign gods in your land, so you shall serve aliens in a land that is not yours.' Jeremiah 30:8 `For it shall come to pass in that day,' Says the LORD of hosts, ‘That I will break his yoke from your neck, And will burst your bonds; Foreigners shall no more enslave them. [←929]
Revelation 10:5-6 The angel whom I saw standing on the sea and on the land raised up his hand to heaven and swore by Him who lives forever and ever, who created heaven and the things that are in it, the earth and the things that are in it, and the sea and the things that are in it, that there should be delay no longer; [←930]
Matthew 5:33-37 "Again you have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform your oaths to the Lord.' "But I say to you, do not swear at all: neither by heaven, for it is God's throne; "nor by the earth, for it is His footstool; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. "Nor shall you swear by your head, because you cannot make one hair white or black. "But let your`Yes' be`Yes,' and your`No,'`No.' For whatever is more than these is from the evil one. [←931]
James 5:12 But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath. But let your "Yes," be "Yes," and your "No," "No," lest you fall into judgment. [←932]
An emphatic declaration. [←933]
Genesis 22:16-17 and said: "By Myself I have sworn, says the LORD, because you have done this thing, and have not withheld your son, your only son-- "blessing I will bless you, and multiplying I will multiply your descendants, etc. [←934]
Willingly made. [←935]
Ames is not advocating torture, coercion, or duress; but only that an oath made in fear of God is still valid. [←936]
This is the principle of mental capacity, and why children and the simple-minded cannot be held to contracts. [←937]
Genesis 31:51; Genesis 31:53 Then Laban said to Jacob...,"The God of Abraham, the God of Nahor, and the God of their father judge between us." And Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac. [←938]
Disapproved, picked apart. [←939]
Exodus 22:11 "then an oath of the LORD shall be between them both, that he has not put his hand into his neighbor's goods; and the owner of it shall accept that, and he shall not make it good. Hebrews 6:16 For men indeed swear by the greater, and an oath for confirmation is for them an end of all dispute. [←940]
In other words, kissing the Bible or raising the right hand to God, are equivalent signs that an oath is being taken. [←941]
Genesis 24:2-3 So Abraham said to the oldest servant of his house, who ruled over all that he had, "Please, put your hand under my thigh, "and I will make you swear by the LORD, the God of heaven and the God of the earth, that you will not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I dwell; [←942]
Genesis 24:8 "And if the woman is not willing to follow you, then you will be released from this oath; only do not take my son back there." [←943]
Numbers 5:21 `then the priest shall put the woman under the oath of the curse, and he shall say to the woman-- "the LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD makes your thigh rot and your belly swell; Matthew 26:63 But Jesus kept silent. And the high priest answered and said to Him, "I put You under oath by the living God: Tell us if You are the Christ, the Son of God!" 1 Thessalonians 5:27 I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read to all the holy brethren. [←944]
“Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?” [←945]
An entreaty or supplication, sometimes calling upon God as witness. [←946]
Matthew 8:31 So the demons begged Him, saying, "If You cast us out, permit us to go away into the herd of swine." Matthew 10:8 "Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons...” [←947]
“Do you swear that you are guilty of any and all charges which we shall bring against you?” [←948]
Here it means unlimited or open-ended, which would be equivalent to signing a blank check. [←949]
The agent is the one who tosses the die. [←950]
By craft or skill, as in calculating the odds using statistics, or by “interpreting the signs”, as in fortune-telling. [←951]
Proverbs 16:33 The lot is cast into the lap, But its every decision is from the LORD. [←952]
Or Mishpat,מִּשְׁפָּט , Strong’s 4941, Exodus 28:29 "So Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel on the breastplate of judgment [mishpat] over his heart, when he goes into the holy place, etc. [←953]
Leviticus 27:32 `And concerning the tithe of the herd or the flock, of whatever passes under the rod, the tenth one shall be holy to the LORD. [←954]
1 Chronicles 26:13-14 And they cast lots for each gate, the small as well as the great, according to their father's house. The lot for the East Gate fell to Shelemiah. Then they cast lots for his son Zechariah, a wise counselor, and his lot came out for the North Gate; etc. Luke 1:9 according to the custom of the priesthood, his lot fell to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord. [←955]
That is frivolous as opposed to weighty. Lots call upon God’s name for his determiniation in the matter; and God’s name must not be taken in vain (Exodus 20:7), i.e., called upon for frivolous things. Therefore, part of our endeavour beforehand, is to determine whether or not this is a weighty matter worthy of God’s determination by lot. [←956]
Numbers 22:12 And God said to Balaam, "You shall not go with them; you shall not curse the people, for they are blessed." Numbers 22:20 And God came to Balaam at night and said to him, "If the men come to call you, rise and go with them; but only the word which I speak to you-- that you shall do." [←957]
Psalms 50:15 Call upon Me in the day of trouble; I will deliver you, and you shall glorify Me." [←958]
Chance, or risk. [←959]
Stubbornly resolute; obstinate; tenacious. [←960]
Vice-prone. [←961]
Secretly; privately. [←962]
Matthew 4:7 Jesus said to him, "It is written again, ‘You shall not tempt the LORD your God.'" [←963]
That is, in despising, or showing contempt for death by needlessly risking their lives to gain glory for themselves. [←964]
They dangle from a string to see how close they can get to sin without touching it; or stand in its path, thinking they can avoid its snares; or join with sinners, thinking they will not be pulled down with them. Psalms 1:1 Blessed is the man Who walks not in the counsel of the ungodly, Nor stands in the path of sinners, Nor sits in the seat of the scornful; [←965]
Isaiah 7:10-13 Moreover the LORD spoke again to Ahaz [by Isaiah], saying, "Ask a sign for yourself from the LORD your God; ask it either in the depth or in the height above." But Ahaz said, "I will not ask, nor will I test the LORD!" Then he said, "Hear now, O house of David! Is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will you weary my God also? [←966]
Monomachia – a conflict or fight between two individuals. [←967]
Luke 4:1-13 – the temptation of Christ, in which he distinguished lawful from unlawful tempting of God the Father. [←968]
Specifically. [←969]
Furnishing added support. [←970]
Something added to another thing but not an essential part of it. [←971]
The close of the 2nd Commandment: Exodus 20:5-6 : you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments. [←972]
That is, such duties are tied to universal and eternal principles or precepts, grounded in the nature and will of God. They are not mere creations of the letter of the Law; rather the Law embodies these eternal principles. [←973]
Exodus 20:4 "You shall not make for yourself a carved image, etc. [←974]
Amos 5:26 You also carried Sikkuth [or Moloch] your king [Moloch means “king”] And Chiun, your idols, The star of your gods, Which you made for yourselves. [←975]
1 Corinthians 10:20 Rather, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice they sacrifice to demons and not to God, and I do not want you to have fellowship with demons. Leviticus 17:7 "They shall no more offer their sacrifices to demons, after whom they have played the harlot. This shall be a statute forever for them throughout their generations."' Deuteronomy 32:17 They sacrificed to demons, not to God, To gods they did not know, To new gods, new arrivals That your fathers did not fear. [←976]
Deuteronomy 6:17-19 "You shall diligently keep the commandments of the LORD your God, His testimonies, and His statutes which He has commanded you. "And you shall do what is right and good in the sight of the LORD, that it may be well with you, and that you may go in and possess the good land of which the LORD swore to your fathers, "to cast out all your enemies from before you, as the LORD has spoken. Deuteronomy 12:25 "You shall not eat [blood], that it may go well with you and your children after you, when you do what is right in the sight of the LORD. Deuteronomy 12:28 "Observe and obey all these words which I command you, that it may go well with you and your children after you forever, when you do what is good and right in the sight of the LORD your God. Deuteronomy 13:17-18 "So none of the accursed things shall remain in your hand, that the LORD may turn from the fierceness of His anger and show you mercy, have compassion on you and multiply you, just as He swore to your fathers, "because you have listened to the voice of the LORD your God, to keep all His commandments which I command you today, to do what is right in the eyes of the LORD your God. Deuteronomy 28:14 "So you shall not turn aside from any of the words which I command you this day, to the right or the left, to go after other gods to serve them. [←977]
Deuteronomy 12:32 "Whatever I command you, be careful to observe it; you shall not add to it nor take away from it. [←978]
An addition is an exaggeration or stretching of the truth; a detraction is a slander. [←979]
Or jots and tittles; tiny textual marks in Hebrew writing that can change the meaning of a word. Here Ames used the Greek “Iotas”, the smallest Greek letter. [←980]
Matthew 5:18-19 "For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled. "Whoever therefore breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. [←981]
Matthew 15:9 And in vain they worship Me, Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.'" Colossians 2:23 These things indeed have an appearance of wisdom in self-imposed religion [KJV “will-worship”], false humility, and neglect of the body, but are of no value against the indulgence of the flesh. [←982]
Mark 7:8 "For laying aside the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men-- the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do." [←983]
Romans 14:20 Do not destroy the work of God for the sake of food. All things indeed are pure, but it is evil for the man who eats with offense. 1 Corinthians 10:23 All things are lawful for me, but not all things are helpful; all things are lawful for me, but not all things edify...1 Corinthians 10:25 Eat whatever is sold in the meat market, asking no questions for conscience' sake; [←984]
See theses 25 and 26 above: the act, or abstinence, must regard the worship of God. [←985]
Isaiah 40:18-19 To whom then will you liken God? Or what likeness will you compare to Him? The workman molds an image, The goldsmith overspreads it with gold, And the silversmith casts silver chains. Isaiah 41:29 Indeed they are all worthless; Their works are nothing; Their molded images are wind and confusion. Jeremiah 10:8 But they are altogether dull-hearted and foolish; A wooden idol is a worthless doctrine. Jeremiah 10:14 Everyone is dull-hearted, without knowledge; Every metalsmith is put to shame by an image; For his molded image is falsehood, And there is no breath in them. Habakkuk 2:18 "What profit is the image, that its maker should carve it, The molded image, a teacher of lies, That the maker of its mold should trust in it, To make mute idols? [←986]
Exodus 32:4-5 And he received the gold from their hand, and he fashioned it with an engraving tool, and made a molded calf. Then they said, "This is your god, O Israel, that brought you out of the land of Egypt!" So when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it. And Aaron made a proclamation and said, "Tomorrow is a feast to the LORD." Psalms 106:20 Thus they changed their glory Into the image of an ox that eats grass. Acts 7:41 "And they made a calf in those days, offered sacrifices to the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands. [←987]
1 John 5:21 Little children, keep yourselves from idols. Amen. 1 Corinthians 8:10 For if anyone sees you who have knowledge eating in an idol's temple, will not the conscience of him who is weak be emboldened to eat those things offered to idols? 1 Corinthians 10:18-19 Observe Israel after the flesh: Are not those who eat of the sacrifices partakers of the altar? What am I saying then? That an idol is anything, or what is offered to idols is anything? ...1 Corinthians 10:21 You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons; you cannot partake of the Lord's table and of the table of demons. 2 Corinthians 6:16 And what agreement has the temple of God with idols? For you are the temple of the living God. As God has said: "I will dwell in them And walk among them. I will be their God, And they shall be My people." Numbers 33:52 `then you shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, destroy all their engraved stones, destroy all their molded images, and demolish all their high places; Deuteronomy 12:2-3 "You shall utterly destroy all the places where the nations which you shall dispossess served their gods, on the high mountains and on the hills and under every green tree. "And you shall destroy their altars, break their sacred pillars, and burn their wooden images with fire; you shall cut down the carved images of their gods and destroy their names from that place. Exodus 23:13 "And in all that I have said to you, be circumspect and make no mention of the name of other gods, nor let it be heard from your mouth. [←988]
Instead of the original wording, “You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness,” etc. [←989]
Isaiah 1:13 Bring no more futile sacrifices; Incense is an abomination to Me. The New Moons, the Sabbaths, and the calling of assemblies-- I cannot endure iniquity and the sacred meeting. [←990]
1 Corinthians 14:26 ...Let all things be done for edification. [←991]
To make faces at: to mock, or make fun of (from Matthew Henry on Psalms 22:1-10, sec. III). [←992]
Ezekiel 33:31 "So they come to you as people do, they sit before you as My people, and they hear your words, but they do not do them; for with their mouth they show much love, but their hearts pursue their own gain. Matthew 13:19 "When anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understand it, then the wicked one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is he who received seed by the wayside. 1 Corinthians 11:27 Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord... 1 Corinthians 11:29 For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy manner eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. Isaiah 66:4-5 So will I choose their delusions, And bring their fears on them; Because, when I called, no one answered, When I spoke they did not hear; But they did evil before My eyes, And chose that in which I do not delight." Hear the word of the LORD, You who tremble at His word: "Your brethren who hated you, Who cast you out for My name's sake, said, ‘Let the LORD be glorified, That we may see your joy.' But they shall be ashamed." [←993]
Leviticus 19:12 `And you shall not swear by My name falsely, nor shall you profane the name of your God: I am the LORD. Matthew 5:34 "But I say to you, do not swear at all: neither by heaven, for it is God's throne; 2 Chronicles 36:13 And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD God of Israel. [←994]
2 Timothy 4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine, but according to their own desires, because they have itching ears, they will heap up for themselves teachers; [←995]
1 Peter 2:2 as newborn babes, desire the pure milk of the word, that you may grow thereby; [←996]
Romans 12:11 not lagging in diligence; GNV, “not slothful to do service;” [←997]
Romans 12:11 fervent in spirit, serving the Lord; Psalms 57:7-8 My heart is steadfast, O God, my heart is steadfast; I will sing and give praise. Awake, my glory! Awake, lute and harp! I will awaken the dawn. [←998]
Hebrews 5:11 of whom we have much to say, and hard to explain, since you have become dull of hearing. Ezekiel 33:31 "So they come to you as people do, they sit before you as My people, and they hear your words, but they do not do them; for with their mouth they show much love, but their hearts pursue their own gain. [←999]
Acts 10:2 a devout man and one who feared God with all his household, who gave alms generously to the people, and prayed to God always. [←1000]
Jeremiah 32:34 `But they set their abominations in the house which is called by My name, to defile it. Luke 13:1 There were present at that season some who told Him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. [←1001]
1 Corinthians 11:27 Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. [←1002]
James 1:23-25 For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man observing his natural face in a mirror; for he observes himself, goes away, and immediately forgets what kind of man he was. But he who looks into the perfect law of liberty and continues in it, and is not a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work, this one will be blessed in what he does. [←1003]
Matthew 13:23 "But he who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears fruit and produces: some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty." 1 Corinthians 13:13 And now abide faith, hope, love, these three; but the greatest of these is love. 1 John 4:16 And we have known and believed the love that God has for us. God is love, and he who abides in love abides in God, and God in him. [←1004]
1 Corinthians 14:33 For God is not the author of confusion but of peace, as in all the churches of the saints. [←1005]
Revelation 1:10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord's Day, and I heard behind me a loud voice, as of a trumpet; 1 Corinthians 16:2 On the first day of the week let each one of you lay something aside, etc. [←1006]
1 Corinthians 11:20 Therefore when you come together in one place, it is not to eat the Lord's Supper. [←1007]
Genesis 2:3 Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created and made. [←1008]
Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BC – 50 AD) Pericosmon 14 – On the World, chap 14. This seems incorrect. It may be Philo’s On the Creation, 30: “But after the whole world had been completed according to the perfect nature of the number six, the Father hallowed the day following, the seventh, praising it, and calling it holy. For that day is the festival, not of one city or one country, but of all the earth; a day which alone it is right to call the day of festival for all people, and the birthday of the world.” http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/yonge/book1.html [←1009]
Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher, and theologian, one of the leading figures of the School of Salamanca movement, and generally regarded among the greatest scholastics after Thomas Aquinas. [←1010]
Genesis 1:21-22 So God created great sea creatures and every living thing that moves, with which the waters abounded, according to their kind, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. And God blessed them, saying, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth." Genesis 1:27-28 So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. Then God blessed them, and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth." [←1011]
Hebrews 4:3-5 For we who have believed do enter that rest, as He has said: "So I swore in My wrath, ‘They shall not enter My rest,'" although the works were finished from the foundation of the world. For He has spoken in a certain place of the seventh day in this way: "And God rested on the seventh day from all His works"; and again in this place: "They shall not enter My rest." Hebrews 4:6-9 Since therefore it remains that some must enter it, and those to whom it was first preached did not enter because of disobedience, again He designates a certain day, saying in David, "Today," after such a long time, as it has been said: "Today, if you will hear His voice, Do not harden your hearts." For if Joshua had given them rest, then He would not afterward have spoken of another day. There remains therefore a rest for the people of God. [←1012]
Psalms 95:7-8 Today, if you will hear His voice: "Do not harden your hearts, as in the rebellion... Psalms 95:10-11 For forty years I was grieved with that generation, And said, ‘It is a people who go astray in their hearts, And they do not know My ways.' So I swore in My wrath, ‘They shall not enter My rest.'" [←1013]
Exodus 16:23 Then he said to them, "This is what the LORD has said:`Tomorrow is a Sabbath rest, a holy Sabbath to the LORD. Bake what you will bake today, and boil what you will boil; and lay up for yourselves all that remains, to be kept until morning.'" Exodus 16:29 "See! For the LORD has given you the Sabbath; therefore He gives you on the sixth day bread for two days. Let every man remain in his place; let no man go out of his place on the seventh day." [←1014]
Flavius Josephus, Against Apion, Book II, cap. 40. [←1015]
Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata, Book 5. [←1016]
“Once, on Rhodes, Diogenes, the grammarian, who used to lecture on the Sabbath, refused to respond to Tiberius when he arrived on a different day of the week, and sent him a message by a slave telling him to return ‘on the seventh day’.” Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 3, Tiberius, cap. 32. [←1017]
Hesiod (c. 750-650 BC), Greek poet. Operum et Dierum, “Works and Days”; (ll. 770-779) “To begin with, the first, the fourth, and the seventh -- on which Leto bare Apollo with the blade of gold -- each is a holy day.” [←1018]
Deuteronomy 5:14 In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates, that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you. [←1019]
“General equity” means there are general laws or underlying precepts at work in these ceremonies. [←1020]
Foreshadowing. [←1021]
Hebrews 4:9 There remains therefore a rest for the people of God. [←1022]
A sabbath observance, or day of rest. [←1023]
Psalms 95:11. [←1024]
Exodus 31:13 "Speak also to the children of Israel, saying:`Surely My Sabbaths you shall keep, for it is a sign between Me and you throughout your generations, that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you... Exodus 31:17 `It is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever; for in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.'" Ezekiel 20:20 `hallow My Sabbaths, and they will be a sign between Me and you, that you may know that I am the LORD your God.' [←1025]
John 13:35 "By this all will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another." [←1026]
Isaiah 56:2 Blessed is the man who does this, And the son of man who lays hold on it; Who keeps from defiling the Sabbath, And keeps his hand from doing any evil." [←1027]
The laws for the Commonwealth. [←1028]
Exodus 31:14 `You shall keep the Sabbath, therefore, for it is holy to you. Everyone who profanes it shall surely be put to death; for whoever does any work on it, that person shall be cut off from among his people. [←1029]
Pedagogy – the instruction of a child by a tutor. Refers to Galatians 3:24-25. [←1030]
Exodus 35:3 "You shall kindle no fire throughout your dwellings on the Sabbath day." Exodus 16:4-5 Then the LORD said to Moses, "Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you. And the people shall go out and gather a certain quota every day, that I may test them, whether they will walk in My law or not. "And it shall be on the sixth day that they shall prepare what they bring in, and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily." " [←1031]
Cease temporarily. [←1032]
Exodus 16:19-20 And Moses said, "Let no one leave any of it till morning." Notwithstanding they did not heed Moses. But some of them left part of it until morning, and it bred worms and stank. And Moses was angry with them. Exodus 16:23-24 Then he said to them, "This is what the LORD has said:`Tomorrow is a Sabbath rest, a holy Sabbath to the LORD. Bake what you will bake today, and boil what you will boil; and lay up for yourselves all that remains, to be kept until morning.' So they laid it up till morning, as Moses commanded; and it did not stink, nor were there any worms in it. [←1033]
The text is silent as to whether a fire was kindled to bake the bread or prepare the food. [←1034]
Exodus 20:2 "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. [←1035]
Deuteronomy 5:15 And remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out from there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the LORD your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day. [←1036]
Exodus 31:17 `It is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever; for in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.'" [←1037]
Hebrews 3:2 who was faithful to Him who appointed Him, as Moses also was faithful in all His house. Hebrews 3:6 but Christ as a Son over His own house, whose house we are if we hold fast the confidence and the rejoicing of the hope firm to the end. [←1038]
John 20:19 Then, the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the midst, and said to them, "Peace be with you." John 20:26 And after eight days His disciples were again inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, "Peace to you!" [←1039]
Acts 2:1-4 When the Day of Pentecost had fully come [50 days after Passover], they were all with one accord in one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven, as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting. Then there appeared to them divided tongues, as of fire, and one sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. [←1040]
Acts 20:7 Now on the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul, ready to depart the next day, spoke to them and continued his message until midnight. 1 Corinthians 16:2 On the first day of the week let each one of you lay something aside, storing up as he may prosper, that there be no collections when I come. [←1041]
1 Corinthians 11:23 For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you: that the Lord Jesus on the same night in which He was betrayed took bread, etc. [←1042]
Acts 13:14 But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day and sat down. Acts 16:13 And on the Sabbath day we went out of the city to the riverside, where prayer was customarily made; and we sat down and spoke to the women who met there. Acts 17:2 Then Paul, as his custom was, went in to them, and for three Sabbaths reasoned with them from the Scriptures; Acts 18:4 And he reasoned in the synagogue every Sabbath, and persuaded both Jews and Greeks. [←1043]
Acts 18:6-7 But when they opposed him and blasphemed, he shook his garments and said to them, "Your blood be upon your own heads; I am clean. From now on I will go to the Gentiles." And he departed from there and entered the house of a certain man named Justus, one who worshiped God, whose house was next door to the synagogue. Acts 19:9 But when some were hardened and did not believe, but spoke evil of the Way before the multitude, he departed from them and withdrew the disciples, reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus. [←1044]
That is, only nine commandments of the Decalogue were being observed. [←1045]
Matthew 21:42 Jesus said to them, "Have you never read in the Scriptures:`The stone which the builders rejected Has become the chief cornerstone. This was the LORD'S doing, And it is marvelous in our eyes '? [Psalms 118:22] [←1046]
Appointed as a substitute. [←1047]
Romans 14:5-6 One person esteems one day above another; another esteems every day alike. Let each be fully convinced in his own mind. He who observes the day, observes it to the Lord; and he who does not observe the day, to the Lord he does not observe it. He who eats, eats to the Lord, for he gives God thanks; and he who does not eat, to the Lord he does not eat, and gives God thanks. Galatians 4:10 You observe days and months and seasons and years. Colossians 2:16 So let no one judge you in food or in drink, or regarding a festival or a new moon or sabbaths; [←1048]
1 Corinthians 16:1-2 Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given orders to the churches of Galatia, so you must do also: On the first day of the week let each one of you lay something aside, storing up as he may prosper, that there be no collections when I come. [←1049]
Romans 14:2 For one believes he may eat all things, but he who is weak eats only vegetables. [←1050]
Galatians 4:9 But now after you have known God, or rather are known by God, how is it that you turn again to the weak and beggarly elements, to which you desire again to be in bondage? [←1051]
There is a difference between the weekly Sabbath commanded from the Creation, specified in the Decalogue, and other sabbaths prescribed in the Mosaic Law. For example, Passover begins on the 14th day of the first month, Nisan (Leviticus 23:5); the 15th is a Sabbath, the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Leviticus 23:6-7). It may or may not coincide with every seventh day. So a second Sabbath usually occurs Passover week. Some estimate this occurred the week of Christ’s crucifixion, with a Sabbath on both Friday and Saturday. It explains why his body had to be buried before sunset on Thursday. Mary and the others came to his tomb three days later, on the first day of the week, Sunday. And so Christ was “three days and three nights in the belly of the whale” (Jonah 1:17; Matthew 12:40). [←1052]
The Jewish day begins at 5 p.m. (sunset); and so 5 pm Friday evening is the beginning of the Saturday Sabbath. [←1053]
Genesis 1:5 God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night. So the evening and the morning were the first day. [←1054]
Genesis 1:2 The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. [←1055]
Genesis 1:31 Then God saw everything that He had made, and indeed it was very good. So the evening and the morning were the sixth day. [←1056]
Mark 16:9 Now when He rose early on the first day of the week, He appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom He had cast seven demons. John 20:1 Now on the first day of the week Mary Magdalene went to the tomb early, while it was still dark, and saw that the stone had been taken away from the tomb. [←1057]
Leviticus 23:7-8 `On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no customary work on it. `But you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD for seven days. The seventh day shall be a holy convocation; you shall do no customary [KJV “servile”] work on it.'" [Hebrew מְלֶאכֶת abodah, labor or service]. Leviticus 23:25 `You shall do no customary work on it; and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.'" Leviticus 23:31-32 "You shall do no manner of work [Hebrew מְלָאכָה mela’kah, occupation or business]; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. "It shall be to you a sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall afflict your souls;” etc. Leviticus 23:36 `For seven days you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. On the eighth day you shall have a holy convocation, and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. It is a sacred assembly, and you shall do no customary work on it. Numbers 28:25 `And on the seventh day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no customary work. [←1058]
Isaiah 58:4 Indeed you fast for strife and debate, And to strike with the fist of wickedness. You will not fast as you do this day, To make your voice heard on high. [←1059]
Done out of such fear of punishment, or hope of reward, that they beome servile (fawning). [←1060]
Handiworks; work produced by hand labor. [←1061]
Isaiah 58:6 "Is this not the fast that I have chosen: To loose the bonds of wickedness, To undo the heavy burdens, To let the oppressed go free, And that you break every yoke? [←1062]
Exodus 34:21 "Six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest; in plowing time and in harvest you shall rest. [←1063]
Exodus 31:13  "Speak also to the children of Israel, saying:`Surely My Sabbaths you shall keep, for it is a sign between Me and you throughout your generations, that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you. Exodus 35:2 "Work shall be done for six days, but the seventh day shall be a holy day for you, a Sabbath of rest to the LORD. Whoever does any work on it shall be put to death.” [The Jewish Commentators explain that Moses’ exhortation to the House of Israel to observe the Sabbath prior to instructing them to bring donations for the Tabernacle, was to convey the message that construction was not to occur on the Sabbath; otherwise why repeat it?] [←1064]
Exodus 16:29 "See! For the LORD has given you the Sabbath; therefore He gives you on the sixth day bread for two days. Let every man remain in his place; let no man go out of his place on the seventh day." [←1065]
Nehemiah 13:15-16 In those days I saw people in Judah treading wine presses on the Sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and loading donkeys with wine, grapes, figs, and all kinds of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. And I warned them about the day on which they were selling provisions. Men of Tyre dwelt there also, who brought in fish and all kinds of goods, and sold them on the Sabbath to the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem. [←1066]
Matthew 12:11 Then He said to them, "What man is there among you who has one sheep, and if it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will not lay hold of it and lift it out? [←1067]
Matthew 12:5 "Or have you not read in the law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, and are blameless? John 5:8-9 Jesus said to him, "Rise, take up your bed and walk." And immediately the man was made well, took up his bed, and walked. And that day was the Sabbath. [That is, acts of ministry and mercy.] [←1068]
Genesis 2:3 Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, etc.  Exodus 16:23 `Tomorrow is a Sabbath rest, a holy Sabbath to the LORD. [←1069]
The terms Sabbath and Holy Convocation are used in Leviticus 23:3, but only Sabbath is used in the verses from Acts. [←1070]
Numbers 28:8 `The other lamb you shall offer in the evening; as the morning grain offering and its drink offering, you shall offer it as an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the LORD. [Dr. Ames does not see this as ceremonial, but as a correlative precept tied to the Fourth Commandment, which carries forward into the New Testament.] [←1071]
Numbers 28:10 `this is the burnt offering for every Sabbath, besides the regular burnt offering with its drink offering. Php_2:17 Yes, and if I am being poured out as a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all. [←1072]
Dr. Ames excludes memorial days instituted by men, as we see in Nehemiah 12:27, and Esther 9:21. They are not expressly forbidden, but neither are they sanctified ‘by divine institution.’ Thus many Puritans did not celebrate Christmas or Easter, although the next thesis (52) may be a concession to those celebrations. [←1073]
In the Second Tablet as a whole, Commandments five through ten: Exodus 20:12-17. [←1074]
Parable of the Good Samaritan: Luke 10:36-37 "So which of these three do you think was neighbor to him who fell among the thieves?" And he said, "He who showed mercy on him." Then Jesus said to him, "Go and do likewise." [←1075]
That is, it pertains or contributes to his spiritual growth and maturity. [←1076]
"And the second is like it:`You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' [←1077]
1 Samuel 2:30 "Therefore the LORD God of Israel says:`I said indeed that your house and the house of your father would walk before Me forever.' But now the LORD says:`Far be it from Me; for those who honor Me I will honor, and those who despise Me shall be lightly esteemed. [←1078]
Romans 16:8. [←1079]
Galatians 5:19 Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lewdness, etc. [←1080]
Galatians 5:22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, etc. [←1081]
Matthew 22:39; Mark 12:31. [←1082]
Geneva Bible. [←1083]
Matthew 5:39 "But I tell you not to resist an evil person. But whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also. Romans 12:17 Repay no one evil for evil. Have regard for good things in the sight of all men. 1 Thessalonians 5:15 See that no one renders evil for evil to anyone, but always pursue what is good both for yourselves and for all. 1 Peter 3:9 not returning evil for evil or reviling for reviling, but on the contrary blessing, knowing that you were called to this, that you may inherit a blessing. [←1084]
Romans 9:3-4 For I could wish that I myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my countrymen according to the flesh,  who are Israelites, to whom pertain the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the service of God, and the promises; [←1085]
Literally, koinoneo, fellowship or partner in all good things. [←1086]
Lamentations 4:20 The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the LORD, Was caught in their pits, Of whom we said, "Under his shadow We shall live among the nations." [←1087]
Romans 1:8-10 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world. For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of His Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers, making request if, by some means, now at last I may find a way in the will of God to come to you. [←1088]
Matthew 5:16 "Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven. [←1089]
Ephesians 5:7 Therefore do not be partakers with them. Ephesians 5:11 And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather expose them. [←1090]
Romans 1:32 who, knowing the righteous judgment of God, that those who practice such things are deserving of death, not only do the same but also approve of those who practice them. [←1091]
1 Timothy 4:12 Let no one despise your youth, but be an example to the believers in word, in conduct, in love, in spirit, in faith, in purity. Titus 2:4 that they admonish the young women to love their husbands, to love their children; Titus 2:7 in all things showing yourself to be a pattern of good works; in doctrine showing integrity, reverence, incorruptibility; Matthew 5:16 "Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven. 1 Peter 2:12 having your conduct honorable among the Gentiles, that when they speak against you as evildoers, they may, by your good works which they observe, glorify God in the day of visitation. [←1092]
Matthew 18:6-8 "But whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in Me to sin, it would be better for him if a millstone were hung around his neck, and he were drowned in the depth of the sea. "Woe to the world because of offenses! For offenses must come, but woe to that man by whom the offense comes! "If your hand or foot causes you to sin, cut it off and cast it from you. It is better for you to enter into life lame or maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet, to be cast into the everlasting fire. Matthew 18:15 "Moreover if your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone. If he hears you, you have gained your brother. [←1093]
Proverbs 20:2 The wrath of a king is like the roaring of a lion; Whoever provokes him to anger sins against his own life. 1 Corinthians 6:18 Flee sexual immorality. Every sin that a man does is outside the body, but he who commits sexual immorality sins against his own body. [←1094]
Distribute: Greek koinonia, share. [←1095]
Luke 11:42 "But woe to you Pharisees! For you tithe mint and rue and all manner of herbs, and pass by justice and the love of God. These you ought to have done, without leaving the others undone. [←1096]
Acts 24:4 "Nevertheless, not to be tedious to you any further, I beg you to hear, by your courtesy [ἐπιείκεια, GNV; KJV and DRA “clemency”; NAS “kindness”; CSB “graciousness”], a few words from us. [←1097]
Emendative Justice: justice that corrects a wrong or an inequity. [←1098]
“’Quietness” here means that others are “pacified” (made peaceful), or deterred from committing that same act. [←1099]
Original wording, “To this Injustice injury is opposed.” That would be illogical, since an injury demands Justice, not Injustice. The Table in the Appendix (Book 2, Chap. 16, cont’d) says, “Restitution whose contrary is injury.” And so the apparent typographical error in thesis 78 has been reworded. [←1100]
A hostile disposition; animosity; enmity; seeking hurt to another instead of his good (contra 1 Thessalonians 5:15). [←1101]
Ephesians 6:2 "Honor your father and mother," which is the first commandment with promise: [←1102]
Saintly. [←1103]
The seed or root (seminal). [←1104]
The authority of all others in a superior office or position. [←1105]
2 Kings 2:12-13 And Elisha saw it, and he cried out, "My father, my father, the chariot of Israel and its horsemen!" So he saw him no more. And he took hold of his own clothes and tore them into two pieces. He also took up the mantle of Elijah that had fallen from him, and went back and stood by the bank of the Jordan. 2 Kings 13:14 Elisha had become sick with the illness of which he would die. Then Joash the king of Israel came down to him, and wept over his face, and said, "O my father, my father, the chariots of Israel and their horsemen!" Genesis 45:8 "So now it was not you who sent me here, but God; and He has made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt. 1 Samuel 24:11 "Moreover, my father, see! Yes, see the corner of your robe in my hand! For in that I cut off the corner of your robe, and did not kill you, know and see that there is neither evil nor rebellion in my hand, and I have not sinned against you. Yet you hunt my life to take it. 1 Timothy 5:1 Do not rebuke an older man, but exhort him as a father, younger men as brothers, [←1106]
Matthew 7:1 "Judge not, that you be not judged. 1 Corinthians 4:3 But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you or by a human court. In fact, I do not even judge myself. [←1107]
El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha by Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda (not Cervantes!). Originally published in Tarragona, 1614 (Barcelona ed., 1905), p. 326. [←1108]
Ibid. [←1109]
1 Timothy 5:8 But if anyone does not provide for his own, and especially for those of his household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever. [←1110]
Romans 13:4 For he is God's minister to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid; for he does not bear the sword in vain; for he is God's minister, an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices evil. 1 Peter 2:13-14 Therefore submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake, whether to the king as supreme, or to governors, as to those who are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers and for the praise of those who do good. [←1111]
Ephesians 6:4 And you, fathers, do not provoke your children to wrath, but bring them up in the training and admonition of the Lord. [←1112]
Deuteronomy 10:18 "He administers justice for the fatherless and the widow, and loves the stranger, giving him food and clothing. [←1113]
DRA  1 Peter 2:13-14 Be ye subject therefore to every human creature for God's sake: whether it be to the king as excelling; Or to governors as sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of the good: [←1114]
1 Timothy 2:2 for kings and all who are in authority, that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and reverence. [←1115]
Acts 20:28 "Therefore take heed to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood. Hebrews 13:17 Obey those who rule over you, and be submissive, for they watch out for your souls, as those who must give account. Let them do so with joy and not with grief, for that would be unprofitable for you. [←1116]
1 Peter 2:18 Servants, be submissive to your masters with all fear, not only to the good and gentle, but also to the harsh. Ephesians 5:22 Wives, submit to your own husbands, as to the Lord. [←1117]
Ephesians 6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. Ephesians 6:5 Bondservants, be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in sincerity of heart, as to Christ; [←1118]
Colossians 3:22 Bondservants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh, not with eyeservice, as men-pleasers, but in sincerity of heart, fearing God. [←1119]
That is, according to convention: accepted customs, propriety, and standards. [←1120]
Acts 4:19 But Peter and John answered and said to them, "Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you more than to God, you judge. [←1121]
1 Peter 2:19-20 For this is commendable, if because of conscience toward God one endures grief, suffering wrongfully. For what credit is it if, when you are beaten for your faults, you take it patiently? But when you do good and suffer, if you take it patiently, this is commendable before God. [←1122]
Genesis 45:9 "Hurry and go up to my father, and say to him, ‘Thus says your son Joseph: "God has made me lord of all Egypt; come down to me, do not tarry. [←1123]
1 Timothy 5:4 But if any widow has children or grandchildren, let them first learn to show piety at home and to repay their parents; for this is good and acceptable before God. [←1124]
Romans 12:10 Be kindly affectionate to one another with brotherly love, in honor giving preference to one another; NKJ  Ephesians 5:21 submitting to one another in the fear of God. [←1125]
Proverbs 18:24 A man who has friends must himself be friendly, But there is a friend who sticks closer than a brother. [←1126]
Numbers 11:29 Then Moses said to him, "Are you zealous for my sake? Oh, that all the LORD'S people were prophets and that the LORD would put His Spirit upon them!" [←1127]
Proverbs 23:17 Do not let your heart envy sinners, But be zealous for the fear of the LORD all the day; [←1128]
Romans 11:14 if by any means I may provoke to jealousy those who are my flesh and save some of them. [←1129]
Proverbs 29:2 When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice; But when a wicked man rules, the people groan. [←1130]
Psalms 37:1 Do not fret because of evildoers, Nor be envious of the workers of iniquity. Proverbs 3:31 Do not envy the oppressor, And choose none of his ways; [←1131]
Exodus 20:13 "You shall not murder. [←1132]
Genesis 9:5-6 "Surely for your lifeblood I will demand a reckoning; from the hand of every beast I will require it, and from the hand of man. From the hand of every man's brother I will require the life of man. "Whoever sheds man's blood, By man his blood shall be shed; For in the image of God He made man. [←1133]
Genesis 9:2-3 "And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be on every beast of the earth, on every bird of the air, on all that move on the earth, and on all the fish of the sea. They are given into your hand. "Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you. I have given you all things, even as the green herbs. [←1134]
James 5:20 let him know that he who turns a sinner from the error of his way will save a soul from death and cover a multitude of sins. [←1135]
Ezekiel 3:18 "When I say to the wicked, ‘You shall surely die,' and you give him no warning, nor speak to warn the wicked from his wicked way, to save his life, that same wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood I will require at your hand. Ezekiel 13:19 "And will you profane Me among My people for handfuls of barley and for pieces of bread, killing people who should not die, and keeping people alive who should not live, by your lying to My people who listen to lies?" Ezekiel 33:6 `But if the watchman sees the sword coming and does not blow the trumpet, and the people are not warned, and the sword comes and takes any person from among them, he is taken away in his iniquity; but his blood I will require at the watchman's hand.' Ezekiel 33:8 "When I say to the wicked, ‘O wicked man, you shall surely die!' and you do not speak to warn the wicked from his way, that wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood I will require at your hand. Romans 14:15 Yet if your brother is grieved because of your food, you are no longer walking in love. Do not destroy with your food the one for whom Christ died. 1 Corinthians 8:11 And because of your knowledge shall the weak brother perish, for whom Christ died? [←1136]
Easily calmed or pacified. [←1137]
Proverbs 17:17 A friend loves at all times, And a brother is born for adversity. 1 Corinthians 13:4 Love suffers long and is kind; love does not envy; love does not parade itself, is not puffed up; [←1138]
1 Samuel 12:12-13 "And when you saw that Nahash king of the Ammonites came against you, you said to me, ‘No, but a king shall reign over us,' when the LORD your God was your king. "Now therefore, here is the king whom you have chosen and whom you have desired. And take note, the LORD has set a king over you. [Being slow to anger, despite provocation, is not the same as an absence of anger. It is continuing to choose mercy over justice.] [←1139]
Luke 21:19 "By your patience possess your souls. Colossians 1:11 strengthened with all might, according to His glorious power, for all patience and longsuffering with joy; 1 Thessalonians 5:14 Now we exhort you, brethren, warn those who are unruly, comfort the fainthearted, uphold the weak, be patient with all. [←1140]
Proverbs 14:29 He who is slow to wrath has great understanding, But he who is impulsive exalts folly. Proverbs 15:18 A wrathful man stirs up strife, But he who is slow to anger allays contention. Proverbs 16:32 He who is slow to anger is better than the mighty, And he who rules his spirit than he who takes a city. [←1141]
Matthew 18:21-22 Then Peter came to Him and said, "Lord, how often shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Up to seven times?" Jesus said to him, "I do not say to you, up to seven times, but up to seventy times seven. Luke 17:3-4 "Take heed to yourselves. If your brother sins against you, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him. "And if he sins against you seven times in a day, and seven times in a day returns to you, saying, ‘I repent,' you shall forgive him." [←1142]
Php_1:27 Only let your conduct be worthy of the gospel of Christ, so that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of your affairs, that you stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel; Php_2:2 fulfill my joy by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind. Php_4:2 I implore Euodia and I implore Syntyche to be of the same mind in the Lord. [←1143]
Galatians 5:19-20 Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lewdness, idolatry, sorcery, hatred, contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions, dissensions, heresies, etc. [←1144]
Proverbs 24:11 Deliver those who are drawn toward death, And hold back those stumbling to the slaughter. [←1145]
Proverbs 12:10 A righteous man regards the life of his animal, But the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel. [←1146]
Unadvisedly: (Greek eike) without consideration, purpose, or just cause – that is, “rashly”. [←1147]
Genesis 30:2 And Jacob's anger was aroused against Rachel, and he said, "Am I in the place of God, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?" Exodus 11:8 "And all these your servants shall come down to me and bow down to me, saying, ‘Get out, and all the people who follow you!' After that I will go out." Then [Moses] went out from Pharaoh in great anger. Exodus 16:20 Notwithstanding they did not heed Moses. But some of them left part of it until morning, and it bred worms and stank. And Moses was angry with them. Exodus 32:19 So it was, as soon as he came near the camp, that he saw the calf and the dancing. So Moses' anger became hot, and he cast the tablets out of his hands and broke them at the foot of the mountain. Numbers 16:15 Then Moses was very angry, and said to the LORD, "Do not respect their offering. I have not taken one donkey from them, nor have I hurt one of them." Numbers 31:14 But Moses was angry with the officers of the army, with the captains over thousands and captains over hundreds, who had come from the battle. 2 Kings 13:19 And the man of God was angry with him, and said, "You should have struck five or six times; then you would have struck Syria till you had destroyed it! But now you will strike Syria only three times." [←1148]
Psalms 139:21-22 Do I not hate them, O LORD, who hate You? And do I not loathe those who rise up against You? I hate them with perfect hatred; I count them my enemies. [←1149]
That is, the Sixth Commandment: You shall not murder; Exodus 20:13 [←1150]
Deuteronomy 19:5 "as when a man goes to the woods with his neighbor to cut timber, and his hand swings a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies-- he shall flee to one of these cities and live; [←1151]
Deuteronomy 13:9 "but you shall surely kill him; your hand shall be first against him to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people. [←1152]
1 Samuel 15:18-19 "Now the LORD sent you on a mission, and said, ‘Go, and utterly destroy the sinners, the Amalekites, and fight against them until they are consumed.' "Why then did you not obey the voice of the LORD? Why did you swoop down on the spoil, and do evil in the sight of the LORD?" [←1153]
That is, to intend the deaths of innocent bystanders or non-combatants (civilian casualties). [←1154]
Numbers 31:3 So Moses spoke to the people, saying, "Arm some of yourselves for war, and let them go against the Midianites to take vengeance for the LORD on Midian. 1 Samuel 18:16 But all Israel and Judah loved David, because he went out and came in before them. 1 Samuel 25:28 "Please forgive the trespass of your maidservant. For the LORD will certainly make for my lord an enduring house, because my lord fights the battles of the LORD, and evil is not found in you throughout your days. 1 Chronicles 5:22 for many fell dead, because the war was God's. And they dwelt in their place until the captivity. Luke 3:14 Likewise the soldiers asked him, saying, "And what shall we do?" So he said to them, "Do not intimidate anyone or accuse falsely, and be content with your wages." [In the next two verses, Ames equates the police power, or law enforcement, with warfare, because a life may be justly taken.] Romans 13:4 For he is God's minister to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid; for he does not bear the sword in vain; for he is God's minister, an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices evil. 1 Peter 2:14 or to governors, as to those who are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers and for the praise of those who do good. [←1155]
1 Chronicles 5:18 The sons of Reuben, the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh had forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty valiant men, men able to bear shield and sword, to shoot with the bow, and skillful in war, who went to war. Psalms 144:1 Blessed be the LORD my Rock, Who trains my hands for war, And my fingers for battle. [←1156]
Luke 3:14 Likewise the soldiers asked him, saying, "And what shall we do?" So he said to them, "Do not intimidate anyone or accuse falsely, and be content with your wages." 1 Corinthians 9:7 Who ever goes to war at his own expense? [←1157]
Jonah 1:12 And he said to them, "Pick me up and throw me into the sea; then the sea will become calm for you. For I know that this great tempest is because of me." [←1158]
That is, procreation. [←1159]
A serious and dignified manner; propriety; decorum (correct or appropriate behavior). [←1160]
1 Corinthians 7:34 There is a difference between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman cares about the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit. But she who is married cares about the things of the world-- how she may please her husband. [←1161]
Titus 2:5 to be discreet, chaste, homemakers, good, obedient to their own husbands, that the word of God may not be blasphemed. [←1162]
1 Timothy 5:5-7 Now she who is really a widow, and left alone, trusts in God and continues in supplications and prayers night and day. But she who lives in pleasure is dead while she lives. And these things command, that they may be blameless. [←1163]
Matthew 19:6 "So then, they are no longer two but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let not man separate." 1 Timothy 2:14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived, fell into transgression. Hebrews 13:4 Marriage is honorable among all, and the bed undefiled; but fornicators and adulterers God will judge. 1 Peter 3:1-4 Wives, likewise, be submissive to your own husbands, that even if some do not obey the word, they, without a word, may be won by the conduct of their wives, when they observe your chaste conduct accompanied by fear. Do not let your adornment be merely outward-- arranging the hair, wearing gold, or putting on fine apparel-- rather let it be the hidden person of the heart, with the incorruptible beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is very precious in the sight of God. [←1164]
This is a curious statement. The original wording was “makes nothing to chastity,” as if saying it contributes nothing to chastity beyond observing it; it is a non-action. How marriage, preserves purity and chastity is not said; but chastity is exercised within the bonds of a covenant relationship between two persons, which is not true of singleness. [←1165]
Genesis 2:22-24 Then the rib which the LORD God had taken from man He made into a woman, and He brought her to the man. And Adam said: "This is now bone of my bones And flesh of my flesh; She shall be called Woman, Because she was taken out of Man." Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and they shall become one flesh. Malachi 2:15 But did He not make them one, Having a remnant of the Spirit? And why one? He seeks godly offspring. Therefore take heed to your spirit, And let none deal treacherously with the wife of his youth. Matthew 19:4-5 And He answered and said to them, "Have you not read that He who made them at the beginning`made them male and female,' "and said, ‘For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh '? 1 Corinthians 7:12 But to the rest I, not the Lord, say: If any brother has a wife who does not believe, and she is willing to live with him, let him not divorce her. Leviticus 18:18 `Nor shall you take a woman as a rival to her sister, to uncover her nakedness while the other is alive. [←1166]
In other words, the practice does not establish the rule. It was descriptive of what was done, and not prescriptive of what was right. God never commanded or authorized marriage with multiple spouses, even though He tolerated it. [←1167]
“Near relation” means how closely related two people are: nephew and niece, brother and sister, etc. [←1168]
Leviticus 18:26-28 `You shall therefore keep My statutes and My judgments, and shall not commit any of these abominations, either any of your own nation or any stranger who dwells among you `(for all these abominations the men of the land have done, who were before you, and thus the land is defiled), `lest the land vomit you out also when you defile it, as it vomited out the nations that were before you. [←1169]
Deuteronomy 25:5 "If brothers dwell together, and one of them dies and has no son, the widow of the dead man shall not be married to a stranger outside the family; her husband's brother shall go in to her, take her as his wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother to her. [This was to preserve the land allotted to each tribe, Numbers 36:3-6.] [←1170]
1 Corinthians 7:36 if she is past the flower of youth, and thus it must be... [←1171]
1 Corinthians 7:36-38 But if any man thinks he is behaving improperly toward his virgin, if she is past the flower of youth, and thus it must be, let him do what he wishes. He does not sin; let them marry. Nevertheless he who stands steadfast in his heart, having no necessity, but has power over his own will, and has so determined in his heart that he will keep his virgin, does well. So then he who gives her in marriage does well, but he who does not give her in marriage does better. [←1172]
This implies mental capacity as well, so each party is competent to give informed consent, 1 Corinthians 14:16 (say Amen). [←1173]
Romans 7:1-3 Or do you not know, brethren (for I speak to those who know the law), that the law has dominion over a man as long as he lives? For the woman who has a husband is bound by the law to her husband as long as he lives. But if the husband dies, she is released from the law of her husband. So then if, while her husband lives, she marries another man, she will be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from that law, so that she is no adulteress, though she has married another man. 1 Corinthians 7:39 A wife is bound by law as long as her husband lives; but if her husband dies, she is at liberty to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord. [←1174]
Leviticus 19:20 `Whoever lies carnally with a woman who is betrothed to a man as a concubine, and who has not at all been redeemed nor given her freedom, for this there shall be scourging; but they shall not be put to death, because she was not free. [In other words, it was considered servitude.] [←1175]
Proverbs 2:16-17 To deliver you from the immoral woman, From the seductress who flatters with her words, Who forsakes the companion of her youth, And forgets the covenant of her God. [←1176]
That is, infidelity to God (having an unbelieving spouse). See thesis 49 for adultery. [←1177]
1 Corinthians 7:12-13 But to the rest I, not the Lord, say: If any brother has a wife who does not believe, and she is willing to live with him, let him not divorce her. And a woman who has a husband who does not believe, if he is willing to live with her, let her not divorce him. [←1178]
1 Corinthians 7:15 But if the unbeliever departs, let him depart; a brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases. But God has called us to peace. [←1179]
Malachi 2:15 But did He not make them one, Having a remnant of the Spirit? And why one? He seeks godly offspring. Therefore take heed to your spirit, And let none deal treacherously with the wife of his youth. [←1180]
1 Corinthians 7:2 Nevertheless, because of sexual immorality, let each man have his own wife, and let each woman have her own husband. 1 Corinthians 7:9 but if they cannot exercise self-control, let them marry. For it is better to marry than to burn with passion. [←1181]
1 Corinthians 7:3-5 Let the husband render to his wife the affection due her, and likewise also the wife to her husband. The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. And likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does. Do not deprive one another except with consent for a time, that you may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again so that Satan does not tempt you because of your lack of self-control. [←1182]
1 Peter 3:7 Husbands, likewise, dwell with them with understanding, giving honor to the wife, as to the weaker vessel, and as being heirs together of the grace of life, that your prayers may not be hindered. 1 Corinthians 11:7-10 For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man For man is not from woman, but woman from man Nor was man created for the woman, but woman for the For this reason the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels. Ephesians 5:33 Nevertheless let each one of you in particular so love his own wife as himself, and let the wife see that she respects her husband. [←1183]
Originally the word was “LUXURY.” It refers to self-indulgence in all its forms. [←1184]
Colossians 3:5 Therefore put to death your members which are on the earth: fornication, uncleanness, passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry. [←1185]
Romans 13:13 Let us walk properly, as in the day, not in revelry and drunkenness, not in lewdness [Gr. koite, from which we get coitus] and lust [Gr. aselgeia, translated “lasciviousness” in the KJV of Galatians 5:19], etc. [←1186]
1 Thessalonians 4:4-5 that each of you should know how to possess his own vessel in sanctification and honor, not in passion of lust [lust of concupiscence, KJV], like the Gentiles who do not know God; [←1187]
Job 31:1 "I have made a covenant with my eyes; Why then should I look upon a young woman? Proverbs 9:13-18 A foolish woman is clamorous; She is simple, and knows nothing. For she sits at the door of her house, On a seat by the highest places of the city, To call to those who pass by, Who go straight on their way: "Whoever is simple, let him turn in here"; And as for him who lacks understanding, she says to him, "Stolen water is sweet, And bread eaten in secret is pleasant." But he does not know that the dead are there, That her guests are in the depths of hell. 2 Peter 2:14 having eyes full of adultery and that cannot cease from sin, enticing unstable souls. They have a heart trained in covetous practices, and are accursed children. Matthew 5:28 "But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. [←1188]
Galatians 5:19-21 Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lewdness, idolatry, sorcery, hatred, contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions, dissensions, heresies, envy, murders, drunkenness, revelries, and the like; [←1189]
Romans 13:13 Let us walk properly, as in the day, not in revelry and drunkenness, etc. Ezekiel 16:49 "Look, this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom: She and her daughter had pride, fullness of food, and abundance of idleness; neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. Proverbs 23:31-33 Do not look on the wine when it is red, When it sparkles in the cup, When it swirls around smoothly; At the last it bites like a serpent, And stings like a viper. Your eyes will see strange things, And your heart will utter perverse things. [←1190]
Proverbs 7:10-11 And there a woman met him, With the attire of a harlot, and a crafty heart. She was loud and rebellious, Her feet would not stay at home. [←1191]
Ephesians 5:4 neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor coarse jesting, which are not fitting, but rather giving of thanks. [←1192]
Leviticus 18:23 `Nor shall you mate with any animal, to defile yourself with it. Nor shall any woman stand before an animal to mate with it. It is perversion. [←1193]
Matthew 5:32 "But I say to you that whoever divorces his wife for any reason except sexual immorality causes her to commit adultery; and whoever marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery. [←1194]
Originally “in changings.” Commutative Justice refers to those laws or principles governing one person being put in another’s place with regard to his property, possessions, or right of use; and also to gifts. This is typically in exchange for money, as in rentals or leases; but it may apply to loans, whether or not interest or repayment is required. [←1195]
That is, material goods. [←1196]
Luke 20:9-10 Then He began to tell the people this parable: "A certain man planted a vineyard, leased it to vinedressers, and went into a far country for a long time. "Now at vintage-time he sent a servant to the vinedressers, that they might give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the vinedressers beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 1 Corinthians 9:7 Who ever goes to war at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Or who tends a flock and does not drink of the milk of the flock? [←1197]
Genesis 9:1. [←1198]
See thesis 10 above. [←1199]
Leviticus 25:45-46 `Moreover you may buy the children of the strangers who dwell among you, and their families who are with you, which they beget in your land; and they shall become your property. `And you may take them as an inheritance for your children after you, to inherit them as a possession; they shall be your permanent slaves. But regarding your brethren, the children of Israel, you shall not rule over one another with rigor. Numbers 27:8-11 "And you shall speak to the children of Israel, saying:`If a man dies and has no son, then you shall cause his inheritance to pass to his daughter. `If he has no daughter, then you shall give his inheritance to his brothers. `If he has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to his father's brothers. `And if his father has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to the relative closest him in his family, and he shall possess it.'", etc. [←1200]
1 Kings 10:10 Then she gave the king one hundred and twenty talents of gold, spices in great quantity, and precious stones. There never again came such abundance of spices as the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon... 1 Kings 10:13 Now King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba all she desired, whatever she asked, besides what Solomon had given her according to the royal generosity. [←1201]
Under Roman Law, a mutuum was a loan for consumption, and therefore it would have to be returned in kind, since the original had been consumed. A commodatum was a loan for use. It did not transfer ownership or possession, and it was given without interest, for a reasonable time. If interest was charged, the agreement was for hire. [←1202]
Ephesians 4:28 Let him who stole steal no longer, but rather let him labor, working with his hands what is good, that he may have something to give him who has need. 2 Thessalonians 3:11-12 For we hear that there are some who walk among you in a disorderly manner, not working at all, but are busybodies. Now those who are such we command and exhort through our Lord Jesus Christ that they work in quietness and eat their own bread. [←1203]
1 Timothy 5:13 And besides they learn to be idle, wandering about from house to house, and not only idle but also gossips and busybodies, saying things which they ought not. Genesis 3:19 In the sweat of your face you shall eat bread Till you return to the ground, For out of it you were taken; For dust you are, And to dust you shall return." [←1204]
1 Thessalonians 4:11-12 that you also aspire to lead a quiet life, to mind your own business, and to work with your own hands, as we commanded you, that you may walk properly toward those who are outside, and that you may lack nothing. 2 Thessalonians 3:12 Now those who are such we command and exhort through our Lord Jesus Christ that they work in quietness and eat their own bread. [←1205]
1 Peter 4:10 As each one has received a gift, minister it to one another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God. [←1206]
Here it means indecent or unlawful. [←1207]
That is, to live a godly life. [←1208]
1 Corinthians 7:20-24 Let each one remain in the same calling in which he was called. Were you called while a slave? Do not be concerned about it; but if you can be made free, rather use it. For he who is called in the Lord while a slave is the Lord's freedman. Likewise he who is called while free is Christ's slave. You were bought at a price; do not become slaves of men. Brethren, let each one remain with God in that state in which he was called. [←1209]
Proverbs 22:4 By humility and the fear of the LORD Are riches and honor and life. [←1210]
Proverbs 21:17 He who loves pleasure will be a poor man; He who loves wine and oil will not be rich. [←1211]
Acts 4:34-35 Nor was there anyone among them who lacked; for all who were possessors of lands or houses sold them, and brought the proceeds of the things that were sold, and laid them at the apostles' feet; and they distributed to each as anyone had need. Luke 18:22 So when Jesus heard these things, He said to him, "You still lack one thing. Sell all that you have and distribute to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow Me." [←1212]
Genesis 13:5-6 Lot also, who went with Abram, had flocks and herds and tents. Now the land was not able to support them, that they might dwell together, for their possessions were so great that they could not dwell together. Job 1:1-3 There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job; and that man was blameless and upright, and one who feared God and shunned evil. And seven sons and three daughters were born to him. Also, his possessions were seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen, five hundred female donkeys, and a very large household, so that this man was the greatest of all the people of the East. [←1213]
Proverbs 22:2 The rich and the poor have this in common, The LORD is the maker of them all. 2 Thessalonians 3:10-12 For even when we were with you, we commanded you this: If anyone will not work, neither shall he eat. For we hear that there are some who walk among you in a disorderly manner, not working at all, but are busybodies. Now those who are such, we command and exhort through our Lord Jesus Christ that they work in quietness and eat their own bread. [←1214]
Extreme care in spending money; reluctance to spend money unnecessarily. [←1215]
Prudence in avoiding waste. [←1216]
Proverbs 21:17 He who loves pleasure will be a poor man; He who loves wine and oil will not be rich. [←1217]
2 Corinthians 8:14 but by an equality, that now at this time your abundance may supply their lack, that their abundance also may supply your lack-- that there may be equality. Romans 12:13 distributing to the needs of the saints, given to hospitality. Leviticus 25:35 `If one of your brethren becomes poor, and falls into poverty among you, then you shall help him, like a stranger or a sojourner, that he may live with you. Psalms 37:21 The wicked borrows and does not repay, But the righteous shows mercy and gives. [←1218]
Luke 6:34 "And if you lend to those from whom you hope to receive back, what credit is that to you? For even sinners lend to sinners to receive as much back. [←1219]
Romans 12:13 distributing to the needs of the saints, given to hospitality. 1 Peter 4:9 Be hospitable to one another without grumbling. [←1220]
Proverbs 27:10 Do not forsake your own friend or your father's friend, Nor go to your brother's house in the day of your calamity; Better is a neighbor nearby than a brother far away. [←1221]
Ephesians 4:28 Let him who stole steal no longer, but rather let him labor, working with his hands what is good, that he may have something to give him who has need. [←1222]
Damnify: to cause loss or damage to another. [←1223]
Deuteronomy 23:24-25 "When you come into your neighbor's vineyard, you may eat your fill of grapes at your pleasure, but you shall not put any in your container. "When you come into your neighbor's standing grain, you may pluck the heads with your hand, but you shall not use a sickle on your neighbor's standing grain. [←1224]
Exodus 22:1 "If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and slaughters it or sells it, he shall restore five oxen for an ox and four sheep for a sheep. Hosea 6:8-9 Gilead is a city of evildoers, And defiled with blood. As bands of robbers lie in wait for a man, So the company of priests murder on the way to Shechem; Surely they commit lewdness. Luke 10:30 Then Jesus answered and said: "A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, who stripped him of his clothing, wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead. 1 Corinthians 6:8-9 No, you yourselves do wrong and cheat, and you do these things to your brethren! Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? [←1225]
That is, peculate – To appropriate or embezzle (public money), though the word in Latin means private property. [←1226]
The market price is staged, or manipulated. [←1227]
The act of despoiling a country, usually in warfare, by stealing its wealth and produce. [←1228]
Isaiah 3:14 The LORD will enter into judgment With the elders of His people And His princes: "For you have eaten up the vineyard; The plunder of the poor is in your houses. Luke 3:12-14 Then tax collectors also came to be baptized, and said to him, "Teacher, what shall we do?" And he said to them, "Collect no more than what is appointed for you." Likewise the soldiers asked him, saying, "And what shall we do?" So he said to them, "Do not intimidate anyone or accuse falsely, and be content with your wages." 1 Samuel 2:12-14 Now the sons of Eli were corrupt; they did not know the LORD. And the priests' custom with the people was that when any man offered a sacrifice, the priest's servant would come with a three-pronged fleshhook in his hand while the meat was boiling. Then he would thrust it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; and the priest would take for himself all that the fleshhook brought up. So they did in Shiloh to all the Israelites who came there. [←1229]
Matthew 25:8-9 "And the foolish said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.' "But the wise answered, saying, ‘No, lest there should not be enough for us and you; but go rather to those who sell, and buy for yourselves.' [←1230]
Proverbs 11:24 There is one who scatters, yet increases more; And there is one who withholds more than is right, But it leads to poverty. [←1231]
1 Timothy 6:9 But those who desire to be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and harmful lusts which drown men in destruction and perdition. [←1232]
That is, acting through or dependent on an intervening agency – here, the truthfulness of others. [←1233]
Matthew 23:22 "And he who swears by heaven, swears by the throne of God and by Him who sits on it. Ephesians 4:25 Therefore, putting away lying, "Let each one of you speak truth with his neighbor," for we are members of one another. Psalms 15:2 He who walks uprightly, And works righteousness, And speaks the truth in his heart; [←1234]
Exodus 20:12 "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land which the LORD your God is giving you. [←1235]
Exodus 20:15 "You shall not steal. [←1236]
Proverbs 22:1 A good name is to be chosen rather than great riches, Loving favor rather than silver and gold. [←1237]
Proverbs 14:25 A true witness delivers souls, But a deceitful witness speaks lies. [←1238]
Numbers 35:30 `Whoever kills a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the testimony of witnesses; but one witness is not sufficient testimony against a person for the death penalty. Deuteronomy 17:6 "Whoever is deserving of death shall be put to death on the testimony of two or three witnesses; he shall not be put to death on the testimony of one witness. Deuteronomy 19:15 "One witness shall not rise against a man concerning any iniquity or any sin that he commits; by the mouth of two or three witnesses the matter shall be established. [←1239]
1 Corinthians 15:15 Yes, and we are found false witnesses of God, because we have testified of God that He raised up Christ, whom He did not raise up-- if in fact the dead do not rise. John 1:7-8 This man came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all through him might believe. He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light. John 1:15 John bore witness of Him and cried out, saying, "This was He of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me is preferred before me, for He was before me.'" John 1:19-20 Now this is the testimony of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, "Who are you?" He confessed, and did not deny, but confessed, "I am not the Christ." John 1:32 And John bore witness, saying, "I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and He remained upon Him. John 1:34 "And I have seen and testified that this is the Son of God." [←1240]
Sufficient circumstantial evidence that its force is equal to testimony; res ipsa loquitur: the injury speaks for itself. [←1241]
That is, we constantly strive to keep our word, so others may give it credence or credit (i.e., trust and believe it). [←1242]
Ephesians 4:25 Therefore, putting away lying, "Let each one of you speak truth with his neighbor," for we are members of one another. [←1243]
Acts 5:3-4 But Peter said, "Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and keep back part of the price of the land for yourself? "While it remained, was it not your own? And after it was sold, was it not in your own control? Why have you conceived this thing in your heart? You have not lied to men but to God." [←1244]
Psalms 12:2 They speak idly everyone with his neighbor; With flattering lips and a double heart they speak. [←1245]
1 John 2:4 He who says, "I know Him," and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him. [←1246]
Matthew 26:61 and said, "This fellow said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and to build it in three days.'" [←1247]
Emphatically declare. [←1248]
Jeremiah 38:27 Then all the princes came to Jeremiah and asked him. And he told them according to all these words that the king had commanded. So they stopped speaking with him, for the conversation had not been heard. [←1249]
Matthew 26:59 Now the chief priests, the elders, and all the council sought false testimony against Jesus to put Him to death; 1 Corinthians 15:15 Yes, and we are found false witnesses of God, because we have testified of God that He raised up Christ, whom He did not raise up-- if in fact the dead do not rise. [←1250]
The act of signing your name; writing your signature (as on a document). [←1251]
1 Samuel 20:20-22 "Then I will shoot three arrows to the side, as though I shot at a target; "and there I will send a lad, saying, ‘Go, find the arrows.' If I expressly say to him, ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you; get them and come'-- then, as the LORD lives, there is safety for you and no harm. "But if I say thus to the young man, ‘Look, the arrows are beyond you'-- go your way, for the LORD has sent you away. Matthew 26:49 Immediately he went up to Jesus and said, "Greetings, Rabbi!" and kissed Him. [←1252]
The ambush at Ai. [←1253]
1 Timothy 6:6 Now godliness with contentment is great gain. Hebrews 13:5 Let your conduct be without covetousness; be content with such things as you have. For He Himself has said, "I will never leave you nor forsake you." Php_4:11 Not that I speak in regard to need, for I have learned in whatever state I am, to be content: [←1254]
Exodus 20:17 "You shall not covet your Neighbour’s house; you shall not covet your Neighbour’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your Neighbour’s." [←1255]
Romans 12:15 Rejoice with those who rejoice, and weep with those who weep. [←1256]
Hebrews 13:5 Let your conduct be without covetousness; be content with such things as you have. For He Himself has said, "I will never leave you nor forsake you." KJV  Colossians 3:5 Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry: [←1257]
1 Kings 21:2 So Ahab spoke to Naboth, saying, "Give me your vineyard, that I may have it for a vegetable garden, because it is near, next to my house; and for it I will give you a vineyard better than it. Or, if it seems good to you, I will give you its worth in money." Matthew 5:28 "But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart (original reference was Mark 10:19). [←1258]
Ruined in character or quality; morally corrupted; rendered ineffective – thus, even good acts are tainted by it. [←1259]
That is, those listed in the Tenth Commandment (Exodus 20:17), “You shall not covet...” [←1260]
Romans 7:5-8 For when we were in the flesh, the sinful passions which were aroused by the law were at work in our members to bear fruit to death. But now we have been delivered from the law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter. What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Certainly not! On the contrary, I would not have known sin except through the law. For I would not have known covetousness unless the law had said, "You shall not covet." But sin, taking opportunity by the commandment, produced in me all manner of evil desire [i.e. concupiscence]. For apart from the law sin was dead. [←1261]
The word german means closely related, akin; hence cousins; “cousin germans” is redundant. [←1262]
Unlike Zwingli and other Reformers, Luther followed the numbering of the Latin Vulgate instead of the Hebrew Bible. He viewed the prohibition of images as an expansion of the first commandment, not a second commandment. [←1263]
Exodus 20:4 "You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; [←1264]
Deuteronomy 5:21 ‘You shall not covet your Neighbour’s wife; and you shall not desire your Neighbour’s house, his field, his male servant, his female servant, his ox, his donkey, or anything that is your Neighbour’s.’ [←1265]
Exodus 20:16 "You shall not bear false witness against your Neighbour. [←1266]
2 Timothy 3:2-4 For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, unloving, unforgiving, slanderers, without self-control, brutal, despisers of good, traitors, headstrong, haughty, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, [←1267]
1 John 2:16 For all that is in the world — the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life — is not of the Father but is of the world. [←1268]
Matthew 20:15 Is it not lawful for me to do what I wish with my own things? Or is your eye evil because I am good? [←1269]
Originally ἐpiχαίρecacia; this word is used in Psalms 35:26 Let them be ashamed and brought to mutual confusion Who rejoice at my hurt; Let them be clothed with shame and dishonor Who exalt themselves against me. [←1270]
Psalms 70:2-3 Let them be ashamed and confounded Who seek my life; Let them be turned back and confused Who desire my hurt. Let them be turned back because of their shame, Who say, "Aha, aha!" Obadiah 1:12 But you should not have gazed on the day of your brother In the day of his captivity; Nor should you have rejoiced over the children of Judah In the day of their destruction; Nor should you have spoken proudly In the day of distress. [←1271]
1 Corinthians 13:9 For we know in part and we prophesy in part. [←1272]
Romans 8:23 Not only that, but we also who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly waiting for the adoption, the redemption of our body. [←1273]
Romans 7:14 For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am carnal, sold under sin. [←1274]
Galatians 5:17 For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one another, so that you do not do the things that you wish. [←1275]
Php_3:12 Not that I have already attained, or am already perfected; but I press on, that I may lay hold of that for which Christ Jesus has also laid hold of me. [←1276]
Matthew 6:12. [←1277]
Matthew 26:41 "Watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak." [←1278]
2 Corinthians 3:6 who also made us sufficient as ministers of the new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life. [←1279]
2 Corinthians 4:17 For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, is working for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory;